Glicocorticóides são utilizados no tratamento de doenças auto-imunes e inflamatórias. Um novo composto, arilpirazola (L5) exibiu efeito antiinflamatórios e um perfil reduzido de efeitos colaterais. Avaliamos ações antiinflamatórias do L5 in vivo e os efeitos do L5 na estrutura e biomecânica ósseas em camundongos C57BL/6J. Prednisolona (Pred) e L5 reduziram o número de total leucócitos na dose de 2,1 mg/kg.pc/dia e 2,4 mg/kg.pc/dia, respectivamente. A Pred reduziu a massa corporal e o L5. Pred e L5 promoveram aumento na massa do coração. A Pred promoveu redução na massa muscular, enquanto que o L5 não teve efeito. Pred e L5 não alteraram o tecido adiposo. Na análise por microtomografia computadorizada o tratamento com L5 diminuiu BV/TV, Tb/Sp e DA, já a Pred reduziu apenas Tb/Sp. Pred e L5 não promoveram alteração no osso cortical. Pred não alterou parâmetros biomecânicos do fêmur e da tíbia e L5 reduziu energia em quebra da tíbia. Este estudo sugere que o L5 tem o mesmo potencial anti-inflamatório da Pred e que não se mostrou deletério à massa muscular. / Glucocorticoids are used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A new compound, arilpirazola (L5) exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and reduced side effect profile. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory actions in vivo L5 and L5 on the effects of structure and biomechanical bone in mice C57BL/6J. Prednisone (Pred) and L5 reduced the overall number of leukocytes in a dose of 2.1 mg/kg.pc/day and 2.4 mg/kg.pc/day, respectively. The Pred decreased body mass and not L5. Pred and L5 caused an increase in heart mass. The Pred promoted reduction in muscle mass, while the L5 had no effect. Pred and L5 did not alter adipose tissue. The analysis by computed microtomography treatment with L5 decreased BV/TV, Tb/Sp and DA, since the only Pred reduced Tb/Sp. Pred and L5 did not promote changes in cortical bone. Pred has not altered biomechanical parameters of the femur and tibia and L5 reduced energy breaks the tibia. This study suggests that the L5 have the same potential anti-inflammatory Pred and was not deleterious to the muscle.

Sabe-se que o estudo da anatomia é de fundamental importância para todo e qualquer procedimento médico-cirúrgico, como também para o entendimento de toda a fisiologia e das doenças que acometem os seres vivos. Porém, para a prática da odontologia veterinária, especialidade que vem crescendo sobremaneira nos últimos anos, nota-se a ausência de uma compilação única do estudo anatômico da cabeça das espécies mais tratadas, especificamente cães e gatos. Considera-se, portanto, oportuno realizar um estudo geral dos ossos do crânio, dando ênfase ao sistema estomatognático e incluindo a articulação temporomandibular, visando descrever, ilustrar e correlacionar suas estruturas, aplicando este conhecimento na prática cirúrgica, ressaltando os pontos de maior importância para o desempenho da especialidade, disponibilizando uma base de conhecimento que atue como um \"guia" para o médico-veterinário que se interessa e pratica a odontologia veterinária. Para a realização das ilustrações, crânios de cães e gatos foram preparados pela técnica de maceração, fotografados e radiografados, com suas estruturas ósseas identificadas de acordo com as necessidades da correlação cirúrgica. / The study of anatomy is important to accomplish any kind of surgical and medical procedure and to understand the physiology and the diseases that happen in animals. Nowadays, veterinary dentistry is an important area of veterinary medicine which has been increasing and improving during the last years. However, currently, the veterinarian can not find any specific and exclusive literature about head anatomy of dogs and cats. It is therefore important to perform a study of the bones of the cranium, specially the bones of the stomatognathic system, including the temporomandibular joint, describing and illustrating the most important structures and correlating this knowledge with the surgical procedures. This paper serves the veterinarians that work with dentistry as a \"guide". The illustrations and the radiographs were made with macerated craniums of dogs and cats and had the structures identified according to the surgical necessities.

Orientador: Marcelo Rocha Marques / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T08:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicoli_NaianaVianaViola_D.pdf: 2862352 bytes, checksum: 850ee3538e25d4ffd9574bbd24d8529e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A deteriorização do tecido ósseo representa um dos efeitos colaterais da irradiação ionizante nas estruturas adjacentes às regiões irradiadas. O PTH (hormônio da paratireóide) é um hormônio vital na homeostase, de forma que é o principal regulador do metabolismo do íon cálcio. A administração intermitente deste hormônio pode induzir aumentos acentuados na formação de osso. Considerando a necessidade da regularização aos danos provocados ao tecido ósseo pela irradiação, o objeto deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração intermitente de PTH no tecido ósseo de ratos submetidos à irradiação de corpo inteiro. Foram utilizados 27 ratos divididos 3 grupos de 9 animais cada: Grupo Controle (CONT), Grupo Irradiado (RAD) e Grupo Irradiado+PTH (RAD+PTH). Após irradiação do corpo inteiro, com dose única, não letal de 8 Gy, foi administrado PTH de forma intermitente (dia sim/dia não) por 24 dias. Transcorridos os 24 dias de tratamento intermitente com PTH, os animais foram sacrificados e as tíbias, hemimandíbulas e fêmures removidos. Foi realizada a pesagem da tíbia e hemimandíbula direita, depois foram congeladas a -20ºC para posterior análise em microtomografia computadorizada (?CT). Na tíbia e hemimandíbula esquerda, foi realizada a análise histológica morfométrica da área óssea, número de osteócitos e osteoclastos; os fêmures foram submetidos aos ensaios mecânicos de microdureza Knnop, resistência à compressão e flexão. Os resultados mostraram que o Grupo CONT apresentou maior área óssea da cortical lingual do segundo molar que o Grupo RAD e RAD+PTH, e maior número de osteoclastos e área óssea da região de furca do primeiro molar em comparação ao Grupo RAD. Em uma análise histológica qualitativa da tíbia, o Grupo RAD e RAD+PTH apresentaram tecido adiposo em meio ao tecido medular. Grupo RAD+PTH apresentou melhor resposta no ensaio de resistência à compressão, necessitando de uma maior força (Newton) para causar a deformação no fêmur em comparação ao Grupo CONT e Grupo RAD. Na pesagem (grama) das peças, as tíbias apresentaram-se mais pesadas no RAD+PTH em relação ao RAD e CONT. Entretanto, houve uma queda acentuada no número de animais somente no Grupo RAD+PTH durante o tratamento com PTH, ocorrendo à morte de 6 dos 9 animais iniciais. Na análise por ?CT, os animais do Grupo RAD+PTH apresentaram maior volume ósseo da tíbia que os dos demais grupos. Estes resultados mostram que o PTH promove melhora nas propriedades ósseas pós-irradiação, entretanto a associação da administração de PTH com a irradiação de corpo inteiro pode ser letal / Abstract: The deterioration of bone tissue adjacent to the irradiated regions is a common effect of ionizing radiation. PTH is the main regulator of the metabolism of calcium ion. The intermittent administration of this hormone can induce marked increases in bone formation. Considering the necessity of settling the damage caused by radiation to bone, the object of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent PTH administration on bone tissue quality of rats subjected to whole body irradiation. It was used 27 rats which were assigned in 3 groups of 9 animals: a Control group (CONT), Irradiantion Group (RAD) and Irradiantion+PTH Group (RAD+PTH). After whole body irradiation of single-dose non-lethal of 8 Gy, during 24 days it was administered PTH intermittently (one time per 48hs) to the RAD+PTH group, and placebo was administered to the other groups (CONT and RAD). After 24 day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and tibias, femurs and mandible removed. Were weighed righ hemimandible and tibia, and then were frozen at -20 º C for further analysis in computed microtomography (?CT). Lefts tibias and hemimandibles were prepared to morphometric analysis of bone area, number of osteocytes and osteoclasts. Both femurs were submitted to mechanical tests: Knnop microhardness, compressive and bending test. The results showed that the CONT group showed greater cortical bone area in the hemimandibles and the RAD Group and RAD+PTH and increased number of osteoclasts and bone area of the furcation region of the first molar in compared to the RAD Group. In a qualitative histological analysis, RAD and RAD+PTH group showed that medullar tissue is replaced by adipose tissue. RAD+PTH group showed a better response in the compressive test, requiring more force (Newton) to cause deformation in the femur compared to the CONT and RAD Group. When the weighing (g) of the parts, the tibia showed up in the heavier RAD+PTH compared to RAD and CONT group. However, there was a large decrease in the number of animals only at RAD+PTH group during treatment with PTH, occurring 6 deaths of the 9 initial animals. The analysis by ?CT, animals of Group RAD+PTH had higher bone volume of the tibia that of other groups. These results show that PTH promotes improvement in bone quality after irradiation. However the association of PTH administration with whole body irradiation can be lethal / Doutorado / Histologia e Embriologia / Doutora em Biologia Buco-Dental

O urânio (U) é um elemento tóxico radioativo encontrado na natureza, normalmente presente na água e nos alimentos e acumula-se preferencialmente em ossos. Nestes, a medula óssea constitui o alvo com o maior risco radiobiológico. Foram utilizados 60 ratos wistar recém desmamados, com vinte e dois dias de vida. Destes, trinta e cinco foram tratados com ração suplementada de 50ppm (parte por milhão) de Nitrato de Uranila e vinte e cinco foram mantidos como controle. Os animais tratados foram separados em seis grupos com cinco animais cada e os grupos controle com três animais. Foi feita a eutanásia dos 5 animais de cada grupo alimentado com urânio e 3 animais de cada grupo de controle com intervalo de tempo de 3 e 4 dias para avaliar alterações histopatológicas, hematológicas, na densidade mineral óssea e medir o teor de urânio acumulado em ossos, em função do tempo, utilizando a técnica de registro de traços de fissão SSNTD (Solid State Nuclear Track Detector). Nas avaliações histopatológicas foi observada congestão, fibrose e necrose hepática, degeneração vacuolar e desarranjo cordonal dos hepatócitos. Essas alterações iniciaram-se em animais alimentados durante três dias com ração contendo U e se intensificaram nos animais tratados durante onze dias, sugerindo que tenha ocorrido combinação de efeitos toxicológicos e radiobiológicos. Foi observada degeneração vacuolar, cilindros hialinos, fibrose e necrose nos rins dos animais alimentados com ração suplementada de U, a partir de quatorze dias de alimentação, decorrentes da nefrotoxicidade do Nitrato de Uranila. Foi observado que não ocorre alteração da densidade mineral óssea no curto prazo; porém, os animais tratados durante 21 e 28 dias, ou seja, expostos ao U por período mais longo, tiveram a densidade mineral óssea diminuída. Ocorreu substancial acúmulo de urânio nos ossos, onde foi observado 1,139 ± 0,057 ppm em ossos e 0,705 +- 0,092 ppm em dentes. Os animais dos grupos controle apresentaram teor de urânio praticamente constante no decorrer do estudo. Não foi observada alteração do teor de urânio em ração comercial. / Uranium (U) is a radioactive toxic element found in the environment, naturally present in water and food, with preference for accumulation in bone. In the latter, marrow is the target with the highest radiobiological risk. It was carried out a study with sixty Wistar rats, twenty two days old, starting at the post weaning period. From this total, thirty five animals fed with chow containing Uranyl Nitrate at a concentration of 50 ppm (parts per million) were selected as the treated group, while the remaining twenty five were the control group. Treated animals were divided into six groups with five animals each plus six control groups with three animals each. Five animals of the treated group and three of the control group were sacrificed at intervals of four days to observe histopathologic, hematologic, and bone mineral density (BMD) alterations, as well as to measure the uranium content in bone as function of time, using the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector technique. It was observed congestion, vacuolar degeneration, hepatocytes misalignment, fibrosis and necrosis in liver. These alterations were initiated in treated animals fed for three days with diets containing U and intensified in the animals treated for eleven days, suggesting the occurrence of an intertwining between radiobiological and toxicological effects. It was also observed vacuolar degeneration, hyaline cylinders, fibrosis and necrosis in the kidneys of the treated animals, all initiated after fourteen days of treatment, and these effects were attributed to the nephrotoxic character of the Uranyl Nitrate. It was found out that the BMD was not altered in the short range term of treatment, that is, treatments of twenty-one and twenty-eight days, but appreciably reduced in the long range term. There was substantial accumulation of uranium in bones and teeth, where it was measured concentrations of 1.139 ± 0.057 ppm and 0.705 ± 0.092 ppm, respectively. The uranium concentration in the bones of animals of the control group were low and approximately constant.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: To evaluate the osseointegration potential of four different surfaces of mini-implants .We hypothesized that mini-implants surface roughness alters the intrinsic biomechanical properties of the bone integrated to titanium. Materials and Methods: Mini implants and circular discs were made from alloy Ti6Al4V grade 5. On the basis of surface treatment study was divided into 4 groups: Group 1: Machined: no surface treatment, Group 2: Acid etched: with hydrochloric acid, Group 3: Grit Blasted with alumina and Group 4: Grit blasted +Acid etched. Surface roughness parameters (mean surface roughness: Ra and Quadratic Average roughness: Rq) of the four discs from each group were measured by the optical profilometer. Contact angle measurement of 3 discs from each group was done with a Goniometer. Contact angle of liquids with different hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity were measured. 128 mini implants, differing in surface treatment, were placed into the tibias and femurs of 8 adult male New Zealand white rabbits. Biomechanical properties (Removal torque and hardness) measurements and histomorphometric observations were measured. Results: Ra and Rq of groups were: Machined (1.17±0.11, 2.59±0.09) Acid etched (1.82±0.04, 3.17±0.13), Grit blasted (4.83±0.23, 7.04±0.08), Grit blasted + Acid etched (3.64±0.03, 4.95±0.04) respectively. Group 4 had significantly (p=0.000) lower Ra and Rq than Group 3. The interaction between the groups and liquid was significant. Group 4 had significantly lower contact angle measurements (40.4°, 26.9°), both for blood and NaCl when compared to other three groups (p≤0.01). Group 4 had significantly higher torque than Group 3 (Tibia: 13.67>9.07N-cm; Femur: 18.21>14.12N-cm), Group 4 (Tibia: 13.67>9.78N-cm; Femur: 18.21>12.87N-cm), and machined (Tibia: 13.67>4.08N-cm; Femur: 18.21>6.49N-cm). SEM analysis reveals significantly more bone implant gap in machined implant surfaces than treated implant surfaces. Bone to implant contact had significantly higher values for treated mini implant surface than machined surface. Hardness of the bone near the implant bone interface is 20 to 25% less hard than bone 1mm away from it in both Femur and Tibia. Conclusion: Surface roughness and wettability of mini implants influences their biological response. Grit blasted and acid etched mini implants had lowest contact angle for different liquids tested and highest removal torques.

In summary, the biomechanical stimulations can augment osteotendinous healing processes by facilitating better fibrocartilagious transitional zone regeneration as well as the restoration of proprioceptions, and the early application showed the more beneficial effects. However, further experimental and clinical studies are still needed to explore the optimal timing, intensity, frequency, and duration of the proposed postoperative biomechanical stimulation protocols. / LIPUS is a "non-contact" biomechanical stimulation, which can provide a direct mechanical stimulation through cavitation and acoustic microstreaming effects to improve tissue healing in a less-than-rigid biomechanical environment. So the mechanical stimulation induced from LIPUS could be applied immediately after surgery without worrying about the mechanical strain exceed the structural property at the osteotendinous healing interface in the early phase of repair. In this part of study, we also examined the effects of the regime of biomechanical stimulations applying immediately after repair on the osteotendinous healing interface. By using the same healing junction model, forty-two female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups; daily mechanical stimulation was applied immediately after surgery lasting up to post-operative 12 weeks on the healing interface in the treatment group. The regime of mechanical stimulations included by LIPUS was 20 minutes, 5 days per week for 4 weeks, followed by cyclic mechanical stimulation generated from quadriceps muscles induced by FES for 8 weeks. Results showed that early application of biomechanical stimulations on the osteotendinous healing interface were significantly better radiologically, histologically and biomechanically than that of not any or later application of the biomechanical stimulations during the osteotendinous healing processes when assessing at the same healing time point. In addition, the early application of biomechanical stimulations showed the better functional recovery in terms of the restoration of the proprioceptions, which an increased numbers of sensory nerve endings labeled by calcitonin gene-relate peptide (CGRP) was detected in the whole osteotendinous healing complex. / Sports or trauma injuries around osteotendinous junctions are common; treatments usually require surgical reattachment of the involved tendon to bone. Restoration of osteotendinous junction after repair is slow and difficult due to regenerating the intermitted fibrocartilage zone to connect two different characteristic tissues, tendon to bone. Although the factors influencing fibrocartilage zone regeneration and remodeling during osteotendinous repair are poorly understood, however, is believed that the mechanical environment plays an important role in such healing process. In present study, the effects of mechanical stimulation on osteotendinous healing process were examined, in the way of mechanical stimulations induced by biophysical stimulations, surface functional electric stimulation (FES) and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), applying on the patellar tendon to patellar bone healing interface in an established partial patellectomy model in rabbits. / The mechanotransductive stimulation linked to the transmission of forces across osteotendinous junction can be generated from its muscle contraction induced by FES. In the partial patellectomy model, thirty-five female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with initial immobilization for 6 weeks, daily FES was applied to quadriceps muscles for 30 minutes, 5 days per week for 6 weeks in treatment group and compared with non-treatment control group at postoperative week 6, 12 and 18, radiologically, histologically and biomechanically. Results showed that FES-induced cyclic mechanical stimulation significantly increased new bone formation and its bone mineral density. An elevated expression of tenascin C and TGFbeta1; an increased proteoglycant stainability; mature fibrocartilage zone formation with better resumptions of biomechanical properties also observed on the osteotendinous healing interface, indicating that the post-operative programmed cyclic mechanical stimulation generated from its muscle contraction has beneficial effects on osteotendinous healing processes by facilitating the fibrocartilagious transitional zone regeneration. / by Wang Wen. / Advisers: Kai Ming Chan; Ling Qin. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1550. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-175). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.