Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T17:40:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rowander Alexandre Moura - 2016.pdf: 2957898 bytes, checksum: cdea464ddf0b15341edfc1656ce18357 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:09:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rowander Alexandre Moura - 2016.pdf: 2957898 bytes, checksum: cdea464ddf0b15341edfc1656ce18357 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rowander Alexandre Moura - 2016.pdf: 2957898 bytes, checksum: cdea464ddf0b15341edfc1656ce18357 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This project aimed to carry out the study of adsorption of dyes called AR.TF and P.TS using bone char as an adsorbent. To determine the physical characteristics of char were used the particle size analysis techniques, adsorption and desorption of N2 at 77K, scanning electron microscopy and X – ray diffraction. Regarding the coal chemical nature was employed the techniques infrared spectroscopic and point of zero charge (PZC). It was conducted adsorption kinetics for the determination of the adsorption equilibrium time, being achieved in approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes to the AR.TF dye and 4 hours and 50 minutes to the P.TS dye. The experimental data obtained in the adsorption kinetics were fitted to the kinetic model pseudo first order pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion model having been pseudo second order best represented the adsorption of both dyes. It was used a 23 factorial design of the central composite type, being the variables agitation, temperature and pH and quantified response the adsorption capacity (q). With this, it became possible to analyze the influence of factors as well as the interactions between them, collaborating with obtaining the influence of the independent variables on the response study. Finally, it was performed the experiments at different temperatures for constructing the adsorption isotherms, by adjusting the values at the Langmüir and Freundlich models. For dyes AR.TF and P.TS had to be a better adequacy of the data to the Freundlich model, but it is important to note that some data are also adjusted well to the Langmuir model. Through this fact makes it possible to hypothesize the coexistence of two adsorption kinds at the adsorption process of dyes of this project. Generally the bone char showed acceptable as adsorbent for the adsorption of AR.TF and P.TS dyes having a higher removal efficiency for the dye AR.TF. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo de adsorção dos corantes denominados AR.TF e P.TS utilizando o carvão de osso como adsorvente. Para a determinação das características físicas do carvão foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise granulométrica, adsorção e dessorção de N2 a 77K, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difração de raios-X. No que tange à natureza química do carvão aplicou-se as técnicas de espectroscopia no infravermelho e ponto de carga zero (PCZ). Realizou-se a cinética de adsorção para a determinação do tempo de equilíbrio de adsorção, sendo este atingido em aproximadamente 1 hora e 30 minutos para o corante AR.TF e 4 horas e 50 minutos para o corante P.TS. Os dados experimentais obtidos na cinética de adsorção foram ajustados aos modelos cinéticos de pseudoprimera ordem, pseudosegunda ordem e difusão intrapartícula tendo o modelo de pseudosegunda ordem sido o que melhor representou o processo de adsorção de ambos os corantes. Utilizou-se um planejamento fatorial do tipo composto central 23 sendo as variáveis a agitação, a temperatura e o pH e a resposta quantificada a capacidade de adsorção (q). Por meio deste, tornou-se possível analisar a influência dos fatores, assim como interações entre estes, colaborando com a obtenção da influência das variáveis independentes na resposta de estudo. Realizou-se por fim, os experimentos em diferentes temperaturas para a construção das isotermas de adsorção, ajustando os valores atingidos aos modelos de Langmüir e Freundlich. Para os corantes AR.TF e P.TS teve-se uma melhor adequação dos dados ao modelo de Freundlich, porém é importante ressaltar que alguns dados também se ajustaram bem ao modelo de Langmüir. Esse fato faz com que seja possível levantar a hipótese da coexistência de dois tipos de adsorção na aplicação do carvão de osso como adsorvente para os corantes deste trabalho. De modo geral o carvão de osso se mostrou aceitável como adsorvente para a adsorção dos corantes AR.TF e P.TS, apresentando uma eficiência de remoção maior para o corante AR.TF.

The Gotlandic smith has been depicted on several picture stones and is a subject of fear and respect in the Old Norse sagas. Their technological prowess can be identified through their skilful work and through the stories told about them, but one must delve deeper to identify the smith-craft itself. This thesis seeks to apply the practice of bone-smithing on the osteological material from the Gotlandic site of “Signallottan” located about a kilometre southeast of the Hanseatic walled city of Visby, a site which was excavated in 2018 to get a broader understanding of the site’s previous uses. In addition to this, an osteological and spatial analysis will be carried out to identify the role of the smith and the use of bones in smithing, as well as a literature study of texts depicting or discussing the smith from the perspective of the Icelandic sagas. The thesis will focus on the application of theoretical frameworks with their basis in materiality, agency, and entanglement to interpret what activities can be identified in Signallottan through the current analyses in correlation with the extensive previous identification of osteological material from the site. This thesis will seek to identify the animal species that are present in the osteological material as well as the degree of cremation of the bones, which could imply that bones were used in smithing practice and ritual during the Viking Age. Around 2,5kg of bones were analysed during the thesis, a majority of which were burnt. The spatial analysis of the site, which was carried out through GIS, reveals a connection between finds of iron, slag, and bone together with oxide scale to form the interpretation of the site as having been used for smithing, that may have used bone as fuel during the carbonisation-process. The smithing practices during the Viking Age are deemed to be a supernaturally connected practice with transformative implications of seiðr, old Norse magic, but are also practices that were highly dependent on the craftsman’s skill and a network of trade to receive the materials necessary for larger-scale production in an agricultural society.