Submitted by FABRICIO MARQUI SANCHES null (fabriciosmf@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-05T12:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO-Fabricio_Marqui_Sanches.pdf: 2162339 bytes, checksum: 257059fa1be635fc6245b0168ddbebc4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-06T17:34:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sanches_fm_me_ilha.pdf: 2162339 bytes, checksum: 257059fa1be635fc6245b0168ddbebc4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-06T17:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sanches_fm_me_ilha.pdf: 2162339 bytes, checksum: 257059fa1be635fc6245b0168ddbebc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho é investigada a viabilidade energética do emprego de buzzers piezelétricos, circuito retificador de onda completa e conversor DC-DC elevador em um sistemas de power harvesting submetido a esforços mecânicos causados pelo tráfego de veículos e/ou caminhar de pedestres, demonstrando a possibilidade de reutilização dessa energia no carregamento de baterias para alimentação de circuitos autônomos de monitoramento, indicação, iluminação, etc., em locais remotos, eliminando ou estendendo os intervalos necessário entre as recargas desses dispositivos. O gerador piezelétrico é analisado mediante a excitação realizada por um cilindro pneumático simulador de impactos controlado eletronicamente com frequência de 0,5 Hz e 1 Hz, contendo diferentes quantidades de PZTs (2, 4 e 8) e configuração de ligação (série ou paralelo). Os resultados extraídos são referentes à tensão elétrica, corrente, potência e energia armazenada em função do tempo, sendo ainda feitas relações dessas grandezas com diferentes números de PZTs, área que ocupam, força e pressão aplicada sobre os mesmos. Ao final pode-se concluir a viabilidade da utilização de dispositivos simples em sistemas de power harvesting para geração de energia através de excitações na forma pulsada e em baixas frequências, sendo os maiores valores na saída do circuito em termos de potência e corrente para tensão de 5 volts, 108 µW e 21,5 µA (0,53 Kg e 0,83 N/cm2), bem como 118,8 µW e 23,6 µA para (2,13 Kg e 3,33 N/cm2), obtidos com 8 PZTs, conectados em paralelo e excitados a 1 Hz. / This paper investigated the energy viability of the use of piezoelectric buzzers, rectifier circuit full-wave and DC-DC-converter in a power harvesting systems subjected to mechanical stress caused by the traffic of vehicles and / or walk for pedestrians, demonstrating the possibility of re-use of energy in charging batteries to power autonomous monitoring circuits, display, illumination, etc., in remote locations, eliminating or extending the intervals needed between charges these devices. The piezoelectric generator is analyzed through excitation carried out by a pneumatic cylinder simulator electronically controlled impacts with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz, containing different amounts of PZTs (2, 4, 8) and connection configuration (parallel or serial) . The extracted results are related to the voltage, current, power and energy stored in function of time, still being made relations of these quantities for the number of PZTs, area they occupy, force and pressure applied on them. At the end we can conclude the feasibility of using simple devices in power harvesting systems to generate energy through excitations in pulsed manner and at low frequencies, with higher values in the circuit output in terms of power and current to voltage 5 volts, 108 µW and 21,5 µA (0,53 Kg and 0,83 N/cm2), just like 118,8 µW and 23,6 µA to (2,13 Kg e 3,33 N/cm2), obtained with 8 PZTs, connected in parallel and excited to 1 Hz.

AssociaÃÃo TÃcnico-CientÃfica Eng. Paulo de Frontin / This paper presents the study and development of a voltage impulse generator using a cascaded boost converter topology operating in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) which will be used for the inspection of grounding systems used by electric power companies. The output voltage of the converter is applied to the grounding system which behaves as a load. The signal applied to the ground was measured by the data acquisition system and analyzed by an intelligent algorithms software. The voltage has the characteristics of a double exponential waveform which is a mathematical model used for study of lightning. Furthermore, the impulse generator has the option to produce a square waveform output voltage. Unlike, the traditional impulse generator with spark gaps, which was disadvantages of poor lifetime and the need of external system to operating the same, the developed generator uses only semiconductor devices in its construction. A theoretical study was carried out through qualitative and quantitative analyzes moreover, the switching process and the losses in the converter components were studied. In this work was performed the design of a cascaded boost converter for evaluating grounding systems with approximated 156 W, input voltage of 110 Vac rms and an output peak voltage of approximately 880 VDC, which correspond to the sum each voltage capacitor of the boost converter, when they are connected in series. A prototype with the indicated specifications was implemented and experimentally tested in the laboratory and real conditions using four grounding systems configurations. Tests were performed considering that the grounding impedance is resistive. The obtained experimental and simulation results are used to validate the theoretical analysis and the designed converter. / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e desenvolvimento de um gerador de impulsos de tensÃo usando a topologia de um conversor boost em cascata operando em Modo de ConduÃÃo DescontÃnua (MCD) que serà utilizado para inspeÃÃo de sistemas de aterramentos usados pelas concessionÃrias de energia elÃtrica. A tensÃo obtida na saÃda do conversor à aplicada ao sistema de aterramento que se comporta como uma carga. O sinal aplicado ao aterramento à medido pelo sistema de aquisiÃÃo de dados e analisado pelo software por algoritmos inteligentes. A tensÃo aplicada tem as caracterÃsticas de uma onda tipo dupla exponencial que à um modelo matemÃtico para estudo de descargas atmosfÃricas. AlÃm disso, o gerador poderà gerar tensÃes com caracterÃsticas de uma onda quadrada. O gerador de impulsos desenvolvido utiliza apenas dispositivos semicondutores na sua construÃÃo que apresentam as vantagens de possuir uma longa vida Ãtil, podem operar em altas frequÃncias, sÃo acionados com baixa tensÃo e possuem uma baixa queda de tensÃo ao contrÃrio dos tradicionais geradores de impulsos que utilizam os spark gaps para chaveamento que apresentam como desvantagens a baixa vida Ãtil e a necessidade de um sistema externo para funcionamento da mesma. Um estudo teÃrico foi realizado atravÃs das anÃlises qualitativa e quantitativa, alÃm das anÃlises do processo de comutaÃÃo e das perdas nos componentes do conversor. Neste trabalho foi realizado o projeto do conversor boost em cascata para inspeÃÃo de sistemas de aterramento com uma potÃncia aproximada de 156 W, tensÃo de entrada eficaz de 110 Vca e tensÃo de pico de aproximadamente 880 Vcc que corresponde à soma da tensÃo dos capacitores do conversor boost quando estÃo dispostos em sÃrie. Um protÃtipo com as especificaÃÃes indicadas foi construÃdo e testado experimentalmente em laboratÃrio e em campo utilizando quatro topologias de sistemas de aterramento. Foram realizados testes considerando que a impedÃncia de aterramento era puramente resistiva. Os resultados de simulaÃÃo e experimentais obtidos sÃo utilizados para validar a anÃlise teÃrica e o projeto realizado.

As vacinas antimeningocócicas têm se demonstrado efetivas contra os sorogrupos A e C, no entanto ainda não existe vacina contra o sorogrupo B devido à similaridade entre a estrutura capsular do polissacáride B e o ácido polisiálico que faz parte do tecido cerebral humano, podendo levar à autoimunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as propriedades adjuvantes dos toxóides Stx1 e Stx2 (STEC) de Escherichia coli, administrados em preparações antigênicas com vesículas de membrana externa nativa (NOMV) de Neisseria meningitidis B, comparando duas vias de imunização prime-boost ou intramuscular, em camundongos BALB/c com idade entre 6-8 semanas. A determinação dos níveis de anticorpos empregando a técnica de ELISA, mostrou elevadas concentrações de anticorpos IgG em soros de animais imunizados pela via intramuscular com Stx1+NOMV, mas não com NOMV, o que sugere que por esta via (intramuscular apenas) Stx1 possa ter atuado como adjuvante. No ensaio de Immunoblotting, soros de animais imunizados com Stx1+NOMV reconheceram maior número de antígenos de NOMV quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu Stx2+NOMV. O sistema prime-boost mostrou-se efetivo quando comparamos os níveis de anticorpos presentes no soro após a dose intramuscular (reforço), entretanto, não melhor do que quando utilizamos duas doses apenas pela via intramuscular. Este estudo poderá contribuir no desenvolvimento de tecnologias associadas a novas preparações antigênicas utilizando antígenos de membrana externa de N. meningitidis B , empregando toxóides como adjuvantes. / The meningococcal vaccines have been shown to be effective against serogroups A and C, however there is still no vaccine against serogroup B. The capsular polysaccharide from serogroup B meningococci polysialic acid moiety mimetic of many human glycoproteins including the neural cell adhesion molecules and may lead to autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant properties of toxoids Stx1 and Stx2 (STEC) from Escherichia coli and native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) of Neisseria meningitidis B, comparing two ways of immunization prime-boost or only intramuscular in BALB/c mice. The results showed high concentrations of IgG antibodies in sera of animals immunized intramuscularly with Stx1+NOMV, suggesting that in this way may have Stx1 acted as an adjuvant. In the Immunoblotting assay, sera from animals immunized with Stx1+NOMV recognized more antigens of NOMV when compared to the group that received Stx2+NOMV. The prime-boost was effective however, no better than only two doses intramuscularly. This study may contribute to the development of new technologies and strategies against N. meningitidis B employing toxoids as adjuvants.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents the development of a methodology for design of inductor in singlephase PFC boost converters operating in CCM mode in agreement with international standards IEC 61000-3-2 and CISPR 22. Such converters are used in front-end modules of information technology equipment. This methodology is based on the investigation of the relationship among magnetic volume; switching frequency and input current ripple of the converter, presented in previous work and extended to allow the optimization of inductors with three magnetic materials: Kool Mμ, Molypermalloy and High-Flux. An analysis of some constructive characteristics of the inductors is performed, such as, magnetic materials and most appropriate type of winding, taking into account factors that can determine the lowest volume of the inductor, such as winding and magnetic losses, the flux density, and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). In construction of the inductors, it is discussed the use of single-layer winding, presenting their main haracteristics, advantages when seeking the reduction of conducted EMI, and considering the disadvantage of increasing of volume that this type winding may cause. An algorithm for this methodology is developed, that uses models able to estimate the differential mode conducted EMI for frequencies up to 30 MHz, as well the temperature rise of boost inductor by simulating the input current of the converter, considering soft saturation characteristics of magnetic materials and the use of commercial cores. Additionally, it is performed an experimental validation of the developed algorithm by construction of prototypes that uses three selected materials and operate at three different points of operation. / Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de projeto do indutor em conversores boost PFC CCM monofásicos de acordo com as normas internacionais IEC 61000-3-2 e CISPR 22. Tais conversores são utilizados como estágio de entrada em fontes de equipamentos da tecnologia da informação. A metodologia é baseada na investigação da dependência existente entre o volume dos elementos magnéticos com a freqüência de comutação e a ondulação da corrente de entrada nestes conversores. O trabalho dá continuidade a trabalhos anteriores, ampliando a análise para a otimização de indutores de três materiais magnéticos: Kool Mμ, Molypermalloy e High-Flux. É realizada uma análise de algumas características construtivas destes indutores, entre elas, os materiais magnéticos mais apropriados e o tipo de enrolamento utilizado levando-se em consideração fatores que permitem a redução do volume do indutor, como as perdas magnéticas e nos enrolamentos, a densidade de fluxo magnético e a interferência eletromagnética (EMI) conduzida. Na implementação dos indutores, é discutida a utilização de enrolamentos de única camada, apresentando suas principais características, as vantagens de sua utilização quando se busca a redução da EMI conduzida, e considerando-se a desvantagem do aumento de volume do indutor que este tipo de enrolamento pode causar. Um algoritmo é desenvolvido para esta metodologia, no qual são utilizados modelos capazes de estimar a EMI conduzida DM para freqüências de até 30 MHz, assim como a elevação da temperatura do indutor, por meio de uma simulação da corrente de entrada do conversor que considera os efeitos da saturação suave dos materiais magnéticos e a utilização de núcleos com dimensões comerciais. É também realizada a validação experimental deste algoritmo, por meio da construção de protótipos que utilizam indutores dos três materiais escolhidos e operam em três pontos de operação distintos.

In the fast growing field of Telecommunications, the back up DC power supply plays a vital role in powering the telecom equipment. This DC power supply is a combination of AC-DC Rectifier coupled with a battery bank to support the load when AC input is not available. Figures 0.1 and 0.2 show the line diagram of the DC power supply. The power supply is the most critical element in a telecom installation and it should be highly reliable in order to have un-interrupted service. (Fig) Besides reliability, power density and cost are the driving forces behind the success of a power supply in the market. Off late, the reach of telecom in the society is very wide covering remote villages and major metros. Given this environment, the power supply is exposed to extreme input conditions. It is desirable to design the power supply capable of withstanding wide AC input conditions. Another advantage is that the rectifier unit will keep the battery charged so that the battery will have long life. This thesis is aimed at designing a 1400W (56V/25A) telecom power supply, keeping in view of the issues expressed above. The aim is to design a Switched Mode Rectifier (SMR) that tolerate wide input voltage variations (90Vac to 300Vac). In addition, the design covers unity input power factor, high efficiency (> 90%), high power density ( ), parallel operation and low cost ( ). Chapter 1 of this thesis covers the context and motivation of the work. Chapter 2 presents the design issues pertaining to power supplies. The normalized description of the power converters is presented. Such a description enables one to compare several circuit topologies in order to make effective design decisions. In a similar way the effectiveness of the switches and mgnetics are presented to enable design decisions in the output stage of the rectifier. Chapter 3 presents the design of the 1400W telecom power supply, keeping in view of the stated specifications. The performance results of the converter are presented in Chapter 4. All the design goals have been met. The design exercise has also given insights into possible further improvements. Contributions from this work and course of future development work are indicated in the concluding chapter.

Boost dc-to-dc converters have very good source interface properties. The input inductor makes the source current smooth and hence these converters provide very good EMI performance. On account of this good property, the boost converter is also the preferred converter for off-line UPF rectifiers. One of the issues of concern in these converters is the large size of the storage capacitor on the dc link. The boost converter suffers from the disadvantage of discontinuous current injected to the load. The size of the capacitor is therefore large. Further, the ripple current in the capacitor is as much as the load current; hence the ESR specification of the tank capacitor is quite demanding. This is specially so in the emerging application areas of automotive power conversion, where the input voltage is low (typically 12V) and large voltage boost (4 to 5) are desired. The first part of this thesis suggests multi-phase boost converter to overcome the disadvantages of large size storage capacitor in boost converter. Comparison between the specification of single stage and multi-stages is thoroughly examined. Besides the average small signal analysis of N converters in parallel and obtaining an equivalent second order system are discussed. By paralleling the converters the design of closed loop control is a demanding task. To achieve proper current sharing among the stages using current control method is inevitable. Design and implementation of closed loop control of multi-phase boost converter both in analog and digital is the topic of next part of the thesis. Comparison between these two approaches is presented in this part and it will be shown that digital control is more convenient for such a topology on account of the requirement of synchronization, phase shifted operation, current balancing and other desired functions, which will be discussed later in detail. A new direct digital control method, which is simple and fast, is developed. Two different realizations with DSP controller and FPGA controller are considered. In the last part of the thesis a novel soft switching circuit for boost converter is presented. It provides Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) for the main switch and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) for the auxiliary switch. The paper presents the idealized analysis giving all the circuit intervals and the equations necessary for the design of such a circuit. The proposed soft switching circuit is particularly suited for the tapped-inductor boost circuit with a minimum number of extra components. Extension of the method to tapped inductor boost converter addresses the application of Zero Voltage Transition (ZVT) to high conversion ratio converters. Extension of the method to multiphase boost converter shows that with less number of auxiliary switches soft switching operation can be achieved for all interleaved switching devices. Several laboratory prototype boost converters have been built to confirm the theoretical results and design methods are matching with both simulation and experimental results.

Au Vietnam, plus d’un demi-million d’habitations n’ont pas d’accès à l’électricité. Elles se situent principalement dans des régions montagneuses ou sur des îles. Cependant, c’est un pays qui possède un grand potentiel en énergies renouvelables. Dans ce contexte, l’alimentation en électricité pour les sites isolés est une solution prometteuse en termes économique et environnemental. L’énergie solaire est la plus adaptée à l’alimentation en électricité des villages en raison d’un ensoleillement important et d’une maintenance relativement facile. Dans les systèmes de conversion d’énergie utilisant des sources d’énergies renouvelables, on utilise généralement des convertisseurs statiques simples. En effet, si l’on prend un système photovoltaïque, la poursuite du point de puissance maximale (MPPT) se fait à l’aide d’un convertisseur « boost » ou « buck-boost ». Ainsi, en cas de défaillance, le système est mis hors service. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter des améliorations au niveau d’un système photovoltaïque autonome pouvant être utilisé dans un site isolé. Ainsi nous avons développé un algorithme de recherche du point de puissance maximale (MPPT) utilisant des convertisseurs DC-DC à trois niveaux (CBTN) permettant d’extraire le maximum de puissance d’un générateur photovoltaïque quelles que soient les variations climatiques (température, ensoleillement) ou de la charge. L’architecture à base de panneaux solaires associé à un système de stockage a nécessité la mise en place d’un superviseur flou afin de maîtriser la gestion des flux. Enfin, nous avons proposé une méthode de détection de défauts afin de gérer efficacement les cas de défaillance d’un élément du convertisseur multiniveaux. En effet, en cas de défauts, on doit pouvoir passer en mode dégradé pour pouvoir assurer un service proche du comportement nominal ou au moins minimal en attendant une maintenance corrective. / In Vietnam, more than half a million people do not have access to electricity. They are mainly in mountainous regions or on islands. However, this country has great potential for renewable energy. In this context, these sources of energy can be regarded as promising solutions both economically and environmentally for supplying electrical power. Solar energy is the most suitable to supply villages with electricity because of the plentiful solar radiation and relatively easy maintenance of the structures. In energy conversion systems using renewable energy sources, simple static converters are generally used. Indeed, if we explore a photovoltaic system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is done using a boost or buck-boost converter. Thus, in case of failure, the system is simply switched off. The aim of this thesis is to make improvements to an autonomous photovoltaic system that can be used in an isolated site. Therefore, an MPPT algorithm using three-level DC-DC converters is developed to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic generator, whatever the climatic variations (temperature, sunlight) or charge. The system’s architecture is based on solar panels associated with a storage system, which required the development of a fuzzy supervisor to control the flow management. Finally, we propose a fault detection method to efficiently manage the failure of a multi-level converter element. Indeed, if there is a fault, we must go into a degraded mode to provide a service close to normal or at least minimal functioning, pending maintenance.

Orientador: Falcondes José Mendes de Seixas / Resumo: Os conversores multipulsos têm sido muito utilizados para a melhoria da qualidade de energia elétrica em sistemas de retificação trifásicos. O principal motivo para tal afirmação é a robustez apresentada por esses conversores, aliada às características intrínsecas da estrutura, que resulta no cancelamento natural de certas componentes de corrente na rede, devido ao defasamento angular provocado pela ação do transformador ou autotransformador utilizado. O que se propõe nesse trabalho é a substituição de cada ponte retificadora a diodos, presente no conversor de 12 pulsos, por uma topologia retificadora trifásica semicontrolada, baseada no conversor boost operando no modo de condução descontínuo (MCD), de modo que, seja possível reduzir de maneira significativa a DHTi (Distorção Harmônica Total de corrente), bem como, incorporar os volumosos transformadores de interfase (IPTs) aos indutores boost de alta frequência, resultando na redução de peso e volume. Foram confeccionadas duas versões do conversor de 12 pulsos com retificadores semicontrolados, uma utilizando transformador isolador e a outra um autotransformador. O que se verificou para ambas as configurações é que a estrutura apresenta um reduzido conteúdo harmônico de corrente se comparado ao conversor tradicional e que, ao se operar no modo de condução descontínuo, faz-se possível o emprego de uma lógica de controle simples, possibilitando assim empregar somente uma malha de tensão, e reduzir significativamente a DHTi do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Multipulse converters have been widely employed for electrical power quality improvement in three-phase rectifiers systems. The main reason for this statement is the robustness shown by these structures, allied to their natural characteristics, resulting in harmonic canceling at the mains, due to the phase displacement provided by the transformer/autotransformer. In this work, it is proposed the replacement of each rectifier bridge, present in the 12-pulse converter, by a three-phase half-controlled rectifier topology, based on DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) boost converter, thus making it possible to significative reduce the THDi (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the current injected on the mains by the structure. It also incorporates the voluminous IPT's (Interphase Transformer) in the boost high-frequency inductor, resulting in a reduction of weight and size. Two versions of the 12-pulse converter with semicontrolled rectifiers were made, one using an isolating transformer and other using an autotransformer. It was verified that both configurations present a reduced THDi when compared to the traditional converter. So, by electing DCM, it is possible to employ a simpler control logic, employing only one voltage loop and significantly reducing the THDi. / Doutor

Several modern multi-core architectures support the dynamic control of the CPU's clock rate, allowing processor cores to temporarily operate at speeds exceeding the operational base frequency. Conversely, cores can operate at a lower speed or be disabled altogether to save power. Such facilities are notably provided by Intel's Turbo Boost and AMD's Turbo CORE technologies. Frequency control is typically driven by the operating system which requests changes to the performance state of the processor based on the current load of the system. In this paper, we investigate the use of dynamic frequency scaling from user space to speed up multi-threaded applications that must occasionally execute time-critical tasks or to solve problems that have heterogeneous computing requirements. We propose a general-purpose library that allows selective control of the frequency of the cores - subject to the limitations of the target architecture. We analyze the performance trade-offs and illustrate its benefits using several benchmarks and real-world workloads when temporarily boosting selected cores executing time-critical operations. While our study primarily focuses on AMD's architecture, we also provide a comparative evaluation of the features, limitations, and runtime overheads of both Turbo Boost and Turbo CORE technologies. Our results show that we can successful exploit these new hardware facilities to accelerate the execution of key sections of code (critical paths) improving overall performance of some multi-threaded applications. Unlike prior research, we focus on performance instead of power conservation. Our results further can give guidelines for the design of hardware power management facilities and the operating system interfaces to those facilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:27:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Cabral.pdf: 4385545 bytes, checksum: c09296f90add051ed37bd87320b15421 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Master Thesis proposes a high gain non-isolated DC-DC converter applied on the processing of PV energy. The proposed converter is a boost converter with quadratic characteristic and with central point at its output. Basic operations and electric characteristics of a PV cell are described, including the procedures to determine its parameters. A model for numeric simulation is presented. A review of the high gain non-isolated DC-DC converters topologies is presented. Shows the converter´s transfer functions and the control strategy adopted as well as the design of control circuits. The control system is consisting of three loops, an internal loop of input current control, an external loop of total output voltage control and an additional loop of voltage unbalance control. The simulation and experimental results are shown to validate the analysis developed and demonstrate the performance of the control system adopted. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado propõe um conversor CC-CC não isolado de elevado ganho para aplicação no processamento de energia solar fotovoltaica. O conversor proposto é um boost com característica quadrática e com ponto médio na sua saída. Descrevem-se o funcionamento básico e as características elétricas de uma célula fotovoltaica, incluindo-se o procedimento da determinação dos parâmetros e da modelagem dos módulos fotovoltaicos, apresentando-se um modelo para simulação numérica. Apresenta-se uma revisão de topologias de conversores CC-CC não isolados com elevado ganho estáticos. Apresentam-se as funções de transferência do conversor e a estratégia de controle adotada bem como o projeto dos circuitos de controle. O sistema de controle composto por três malhas de controle, uma malha interna de corrente de entrada, uma malha externa de tensão total e uma malha adicional de equalização de tensão. Resultados de simulação e experimentais são apresentados para validar as análises desenvolvidas e demonstrar o desempenho do sistema de controle adotado.