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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Nine Venezuelan Composers and a Catalogue of their Choral Works

Grases, Cristian 28 April 2009 (has links)
This document represents an initial endeavor in a long-lasting aspiration to pursue the study and collection of Latin American choral literature. This essay compiles the most complete and current catalogue possible of choral works written by nine Venezuelan composers born in the twentieth century and presents it in a simple and accessible format so it can be used by a variety of school teachers, choral conductors, church musicians, college directors, and professional musicians. Each composer entry presents a brief biographical note and a list of works organized in alphabetical order. The annotation for each composition includes information in eighteen categories. It also includes an extensive list of biographical resources. In addition, a list of terms and definitions of folkloric and traditional genres will help the reader understand the diversity of Venezuelan musical styles and dances; there is some additional information with regard to performance practice.
92

Preparation and characterization of templated borophosphates and metalloborophosphates

Huang, Ya-Xi 27 December 2004 (has links) (PDF)
The new borophosphates described here were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (170 oC or 220 oC). Powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction were employed to determine and refine the crystal structures. DTA-TG methods were used to analyze the thermal stability. High temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was applied to study the thermal behavior of products and identify the intermediate phase during the decomposition. Chemical analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the chemical composition. Magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated. 19F MAS NMR was used to check the number of fluorine positions in the crystal structure. The following compounds were prepared and characterized: (C2H10N2)[BPO4F2](C6H14N2){Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2]¡P(C6H13N2)Cl} (zndabcocl) (C3H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (DAP-Mn) and (C4H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (PIP-Mn) (C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]}(C3H12N2)2{VIII2VIV3B2P8O38H8} (dapvbpo) K3[B5PO10(OH)3](C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] is the first fluorine-substituted borophosphate and the first borophosphate with crystal structure closely related to the pyroxene type structure. Unbranched zweier single chain {[BPO4F2]2?} represents a new type of borophosphate partial structure. zndabcoclrepresents the first organo-templated zincoborophosphate. The structure contains diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (DABCO) which acts in its diprotonated form (H2DABCO)2+ as a pure template and in its monoprotonated form (HDABCO)+ as a ligand to Zn-positions at the borders of ribbons to complete structural motif. This compound is also the first example containing a quaternary Zn-tetrahedron (ZnO2NCl), and can formally be described as an adduct of (C6H14N2)Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] with diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-hydrochloride. The thermal behavior of zndabcocl has been studied by HT-XRD and DTA-TG in the temperature range 25?600 oC. The new phase occurring during the decomposition has been identified as HT-NH4[ZnBP2O8].DAP-Mnand PIP-Mn contain identical framework interconnections but difference in the shape of resulting channels, which are due to the different shape of organic templates. The crystal structures are built from the same building units: loop-branched single chains are connected via MnO6-octahedra resulting in a 3-D structure with intersecting channel systems running along [100], [011] and [01], respectively. The different shape of the template controls the shape of the channels, especially channels running along [100], resulting in dramatic shape-differences. The linear (H2DAP)2+ ions make the channels more elongated, while the cyclic (H2PIP)2+ ions give rise to more regular shaped channels. The flexibility of frameworks may be due to the more flexible coordination of Mn-atoms (octahedron and square pyramid).(C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]} is a new borophosphate with 3-D framework structure, a large size of 10-ring channel (778 ¡Ñ 867 pm2) is occupied by organic templates. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show it to exhibit antiferromagnetic susceptibility at low temperature (TN ?l 14K).dapvbpois the first mixed-valency vanadium borophosphate with a new structure type. Its structure can be considered as an ?intergrowth? of puckered vanadium(III) borophosphate layer (VIIIBPO-layer) and planar vanadium(IV) phosphate layers (VIVPO-layer) stacked and interconnected alternately along [001], which results in a new and unusual building motif. The corner sharing trimers of vanadium octahedra are observed for the first time in vanadium borophosphates. K3[B5PO10(OH)3] has a double unit cell of a twin crystal structure having the same chemical formula. The double b-axis solves the disorder problem of two oxygen positions coordinated to phosphorous. It represents a much more reasonable structure determination.
93

Mod??lisation de l?????mission micro-onde hivernale en for??t bor??ale canadienne

Roy, Alexandre January 2014 (has links)
La caract??risation du couvert nival en for??t bor??ale est un ??l??ment important pour la compr??hension des r??gimes climatiques et hydrologiques. Depuis plusieurs ann??es, l???utilisation des micro-ondes passives est ??tudi??e pour l???estimation de l?????quivalent en eau de la neige (SWE : Snow Water Equivalent) ?? partir de capteurs satellitaires. Les algorithmes empiriques traditionnels ??tant limit??s en for??t bor??ale, le couplage d???un mod??le de transfert radiatif (MTR) micro-onde passive (qui prend en compte les contributions du sol, de la neige, de la v??g??tation et de l???atmosph??re) avec un mod??le de neige pour l???inversion du SWE semble une avenue prometteuse. La th??se vise donc ?? coupler un MTR avec le sch??ma de surface du mod??le climatique canadien (CLASS) dans une perspective d???application op??rationnelle pour les estimations de SWE ?? partir de donn??es satellitaires micro-onde ?? 10.7, 19 et 37 GHz. Dans ce contexte, certains aspects centraux du MTR, dont l???effet de la taille des grains ainsi que la contribution de la v??g??tation sont d??velopp??s et quantifi??s. Le premier aspect ??tudi?? dans la th??se concerne l???adaptation du mod??le d?????mission micro-onde passive DMRT-ML (Dense media radiative transfer theory ??? multi layer) pour l???int??gration d???une nouvelle m??trique repr??sentant la taille des grains (surface sp??cifique des grains de neige: SSA). L?????tude bas??e sur des mesures radiom??triques et de neige in situ, montre la pertinence de l???utilisation de la SSA dans DMRT-ML et permet d???analyser le sens physique de l???adaptation n??cessaire pour amener le mod??le ?? simuler les temp??ratures de brillance (T[indice inf??rieur B) de la neige avec une erreur quadratique moyenne minimale de l???ordre de 13 K. Dans un contexte du couplage entre le mod??le de neige de CLASS et DMRT-ML, un mod??le d?????volution de la SSA est ensuite impl??ment?? dans CLASS. Les SSA simul??es par le module d??velopp?? sont valid??es avec des donn??es in situ bas??es sur la r??flectance de la neige dans l???infrarouge ?? courte longueur d???onde pour diff??rents types d???environnement. Au niveau de la contribution de la v??g??tation, le mod??le ??-?? a ??t?? ??tudi?? ?? partir de diff??rentes bases de donn??es (satellite, avion et au sol) en for??t bor??ale dense. L?????tude montre l???importance de la consid??ration de la diffusion (??) pour l???estimation de l?????mission de la v??g??tation, param??tre auparavant g??n??ralement n??glig?? aux hautes fr??quences. Ensuite, des relations entre les transmissivit??s et certains param??tres structuraux de la for??t, dont l???indice de surface foliaire (LAI), ont ??t?? ??tablies pour des for??ts bor??ales en ??t??. Des valeurs d???alb??do de diffusion (??) ainsi que les param??tres d??finissant la r??flectivit?? du sol (QH) en for??t bor??ale ont aussi ??t?? invers??es. Finalement, les simulations de T [indice inf??rieur] B issues du couplage du MTR (DMRT-ML, mod??le ??-??, et mod??le atmosph??rique) avec CLASS (dont les SSA simul??es) ont ??t?? compar??es avec les donn??es AMSR-E sur une s??rie temporelle continue de sept ans. Les premi??res comparaisons montrent une diff??rence entre les param??tres de v??g??tation (??-??) d?????t?? et d???hiver, ainsi qu???une importante contribution des cro??tes de glace dans la neige au signal. Les simulations du mod??le ajust?? montrent une bonne correspondance avec les observations d???AMSR-E (de l???ordre de 3 ?? 7 K selon la fr??quence et la polarisation). Des tests de sensibilit?? montrent par contre une faible sensibilit?? du MTR/CLASS au SWE pour des for??ts denses et des couverts nivaux ??pais. Le MTR-CLASS d??velopp?? pourrait permettre l???assimilation de temp??ratures de brillance satellitaires en for??t bor??ale dans des syst??mes op??rationnels pour l???am??lioration de param??tres de surface, dont la neige, dans les mod??les m??t??orologiques et climatiques.
94

Hochauflösende mikroskopische und spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur strukturellen Ordnung an MgO-CoFeB-Grenzflächen / High resolution microscopic und spectroscopic investigations of structural ordering at MgO-CoFeB interface

Schuhmann, Henning 22 October 2014 (has links)
Tunnelmagnetowiderstandselemente (MTJ) mit einer kristallinen MgO Tunnelbarriere zwischen amorphen CoFeB-Elektroden haben Aufgrund ihres hohen Tunnelmagnetowiderstandes (TMR) und der guten Integrationsmöglichkeit in bestehende Prozesse viel Aufmerksamkeit bekommen. Dabei zeigten vorherige Berechnungen, dass die strukturellen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Grenzfläche einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den TMR aufweisen, weshalb diese Grenzfläche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit mittels quantitativer, hochauflösender und analytischer Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie analysiert wurde. Um einen hohen TMR in die diesen Systemen zu erzielen ist ein kristalliner Übergang zwischen der Tunnelbarriere und den Elektroden notwendig. Berechnungen zeigten, dass bereits wenige Monolagen kristallinen Materials an der Grenzfläche ausreichen, um einen hohen TMR in diesen Systemen zu erzielen. Ausgehend von diesen Berechnungen wurde die Mikrostruktur auf der Subnanometer-Skala an der kristallin/amorphen Grenzfläche von MgO-CoFeB in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Die experimentellen Daten wurden hierfür mittels aberrationskorrigierter, hochauflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (HRTEM) an Modellsystemproben erstellt und die vom MgO induzierte kristalline Ordnung an der Grenzfläche zum CoFeB mittels iterativen Bildserienvergleichs mit simulierten Daten quantifiziert. Zur Simulation der HRTEM-Grenzflächenabbildungen wurde die „Averaged-Projected-Potential“-Näherung genutzt, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit um die Berücksichtigung von monoatomaren Stufen entlang der Strahlrichtung des Mikroskops erweitert wurde. Es zeigte sich, dass mit dieser Methode die Ordnung an der MgO-CoFeB-Grenzfläche von nicht ausgelagerten Systemen gut beschrieben werden kann. In ausgelagerten Systemen kommt es dagegen zu einer Bor-diffusion aus dem a-CoFeB heraus um damit eine Kristallisation am MgO zu ermöglichen. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit werden die Bordiffusion und die Kristallisation in Abhängigkeit von der Deckschicht als auch der MgO-Depositionsmethode sowohl an Modellsystemproben als auch an funktionsfähigen MTJs untersucht. Elektronen-Energie-Verlustspektroskopie (EELS) an diesen Proben konnten zeigen, dass sowohl die Deckschicht also auch die MgO-Depositionsmethode einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Bor-Diffusion in diesen Systemen ausüben.
95

Návrh parního generátoru pro modulární reaktor / Design of the steam generator for modular reactor

Černý, Marian January 2012 (has links)
Subject of this thesis is design of the steam generator for modular reactor. The dissertation consist of the theoretical part, where are described heat-exchangers and steam generators used in nuclear power plants. Second part contains theoretical calculations in the first approach (thermal, hydraulic and strenght calculation). In the next part are particular variants of steam generator selected. For the final variant are necessary calculations (introduced above) and drawings of selected parts are done. In the final statement is technical solution evaluated, and the parameters of the steam generator are compared with actually used steam generators.
96

Využití moderních analytických metod pro studium vybraných koordinačních sloučenin boru / Application of modern analytical methods for the study of selected boron coordination compounds

Hrušková, Helena January 2019 (has links)
This thesis is focused on the study of boron coordination compounds, specifically boron pyrogallol and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene ligand complexes. In the introductory part of the work are discussed the properties of boron compounds, their preparation, the possibility of separation by capillary electrophoresis and methods of structural characterization. In the first part of the thesis, the methods of preparation of complexes are discussed and for each complex the optimal yield response is chosen. The resulting products were studied by low resolution mass spectrometry. In the second part of the thesis, structures of complexes, including their modeling in the Gaussian program, were described more precisely. Furthermore, the complexes were characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. The complexes were also studied by 11 B, 1 H and 1 H COSY NMR and IR spectroscopy. The third part was devoted to the separation of these substances from the mixture after the reaction. CE-UV and CE-MS techniques were used for this purpose. To convert the results, the separation method was developed in ammonium formate buffers that are compatible with both instruments. The equilibration between complexes and ligands was also monitored by CE-UV. A special chapter is the study of pyrogallol autooxidation by UV-VIS and...
97

Molecules for organic electronics studied one by one

Meyer, Jörg, Wadewitz, Anja, Lokamani, Toher, Cormac, Gresser, Roland, Leo, Karl, Riede, Moritz, Moresco, Francesca, Cuniberti, Gianaurelio January 2011 (has links)
The electronic and geometrical structure of single difluoro-bora-1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-aza-dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) molecules adsorbed on the Au(111) surface is investigated by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy in conjunction with ab initio density functional theory simulations of the density of states and of the interaction with the substrate. Our DFT calculations indicate that the aza-BODIPY molecule forms a chemical bond with the Au(111) substrate, with distortion of the molecular geometry and significant charge transfer between the molecule and the substrate. Nevertheless, most likely due to the low corrugation of the Au(111) surface, diffusion of the molecule is observed for applied bias in excess of 1 V. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
98

Preparation and characterization of templated borophosphates and metalloborophosphates

Huang, Ya-Xi 19 October 2004 (has links)
The new borophosphates described here were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (170 oC or 220 oC). Powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction were employed to determine and refine the crystal structures. DTA-TG methods were used to analyze the thermal stability. High temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was applied to study the thermal behavior of products and identify the intermediate phase during the decomposition. Chemical analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the chemical composition. Magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated. 19F MAS NMR was used to check the number of fluorine positions in the crystal structure. The following compounds were prepared and characterized: (C2H10N2)[BPO4F2](C6H14N2){Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2]¡P(C6H13N2)Cl} (zndabcocl) (C3H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (DAP-Mn) and (C4H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (PIP-Mn) (C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]}(C3H12N2)2{VIII2VIV3B2P8O38H8} (dapvbpo) K3[B5PO10(OH)3](C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] is the first fluorine-substituted borophosphate and the first borophosphate with crystal structure closely related to the pyroxene type structure. Unbranched zweier single chain {[BPO4F2]2?} represents a new type of borophosphate partial structure. zndabcoclrepresents the first organo-templated zincoborophosphate. The structure contains diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (DABCO) which acts in its diprotonated form (H2DABCO)2+ as a pure template and in its monoprotonated form (HDABCO)+ as a ligand to Zn-positions at the borders of ribbons to complete structural motif. This compound is also the first example containing a quaternary Zn-tetrahedron (ZnO2NCl), and can formally be described as an adduct of (C6H14N2)Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] with diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-hydrochloride. The thermal behavior of zndabcocl has been studied by HT-XRD and DTA-TG in the temperature range 25?600 oC. The new phase occurring during the decomposition has been identified as HT-NH4[ZnBP2O8].DAP-Mnand PIP-Mn contain identical framework interconnections but difference in the shape of resulting channels, which are due to the different shape of organic templates. The crystal structures are built from the same building units: loop-branched single chains are connected via MnO6-octahedra resulting in a 3-D structure with intersecting channel systems running along [100], [011] and [01], respectively. The different shape of the template controls the shape of the channels, especially channels running along [100], resulting in dramatic shape-differences. The linear (H2DAP)2+ ions make the channels more elongated, while the cyclic (H2PIP)2+ ions give rise to more regular shaped channels. The flexibility of frameworks may be due to the more flexible coordination of Mn-atoms (octahedron and square pyramid).(C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]} is a new borophosphate with 3-D framework structure, a large size of 10-ring channel (778 ¡Ñ 867 pm2) is occupied by organic templates. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show it to exhibit antiferromagnetic susceptibility at low temperature (TN ?l 14K).dapvbpois the first mixed-valency vanadium borophosphate with a new structure type. Its structure can be considered as an ?intergrowth? of puckered vanadium(III) borophosphate layer (VIIIBPO-layer) and planar vanadium(IV) phosphate layers (VIVPO-layer) stacked and interconnected alternately along [001], which results in a new and unusual building motif. The corner sharing trimers of vanadium octahedra are observed for the first time in vanadium borophosphates. K3[B5PO10(OH)3] has a double unit cell of a twin crystal structure having the same chemical formula. The double b-axis solves the disorder problem of two oxygen positions coordinated to phosphorous. It represents a much more reasonable structure determination.
99

Modellierung, Analyse und Bewertung des chemischen Gewässerzustandes in Flussgebieten

Heß, Oliver 13 June 2005 (has links)
Modellierung, Analyse und Bewertung des chemischen Gewässerzustandes in Flussgebieten Der Schwerpunkt der chemischen Belastungen von Oberflächengewässern durch Abwasseremissionen verlagert sich in jüngerer Zeit, durch die Ertüchtigung der Abwasserreinigungsanlagen, von biologisch leicht abbaubaren organischen Substanzen hin zu Mikroverunreinigungen. Die Expositionsanalyse von Gewässersystemen gegen xenobiotische Substanzen mit dem Ziel einer Steuerung der Belastungen rückt immer mehr in den Vordergrund des Interesses (EG 2000, EG 2001). Am Beispiel des nordrhein-westfälischen Rheineinzugsgebiets wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Analyse und Bewertung des chemischen Gewässerzustandes durch georeferenzierte Modellierung von Flussgebieten durchgeführt. Eingesetzt wird das Modellsystem GREAT-ER (Georeferenced Regional Exposure Assessment Tool for European Rivers). Der methodische Teil der Arbeit beschreibt die Kalibrierung des Modellsystems für das Einzugsgebiet des Rheins in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Weiter werden die für die Modellierung notwendigen Eingangsparameter verschiedener beispielhafter Substanzen aus verschiedenen Quellen hergeleitet. In den Anwendungsstudien werden Simulationsergebnisse für die Stoffe Bor, EDTA, HHCB, und Diclofenac sowie Diuron und Ammoniumstickstoff dargestellt und mit Messwerten der Gewässerkonzentrationen verglichen. Die Emissionsmengen für Bor und EDTA aus dem Gebrauch im Haushalt sind gut quantifizierbar. Beide Substanzen verhalten sich in den Gewässern konservativ und konnten deshalb für die Kalibrierung des Modellsystems genutzt werden. HHCB und Diclofenac sind Substanzen, die typischerweise über Haushaltsabwässer in die Gewässer gelangen, aus diesen jedoch gut eliminiert werden. Das Pestizid Diuron gelangt mit dem Oberflächenabfluss von versiegelten Flächen in das Abwasser und die Gewässer. Die Elimination aus den Gewässern ist gering. In der Arbeit wird eine Quantifizierung der Emissionsmengen auf Basis der versiegelten Flächen durchgeführt und damit eine räumliche Zuordnung der Eintragsmengen erreicht. Mit Ammoniumstickstoff wird schließlich die Gewässerexposition einer Substanz berechnet, die auch über diffuse Quellen in die Gewässer gelangt. Grundannahme ist hier, dass die Frachten aus Punktquellen die diffusen Einträge überlagern. In Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Substanz und Lage der Messstellen zeigen die Ergebnisse sowohl gute Übereinstimmung als auch stellenweise große Abweichungen zu den gemessenen Substanzkonzentrationen in den Gewässern. Für die auftretenden Abweichungen ergeben sich Erklärungsansätze, aber auch weiterer Untersuchungsbedarf wird deutlich. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit belegen, dass das mit GREAT-ER entwickelte Werkzeug zur georeferenzierten Modellierung von Substanzkonzentrationen in Gewässern auf dem Gebiet der zeitlichen und räumlichen Analyse von realen Messwerten und im Rahmen eines Immissions- und Belastungsmanagements einsetzbar ist. Es können aus den Umgebungsparametern begründete Hypothesen zu lokalen Substanzkonzentrationen in Gewässern entwickelt werden, deren Informationsgehalt gegenüber Messung und generischer Modellierung höher ist.
100

Vysokoteplotní procesy ve výrobě křemíkových fotovoltaických článků / High Temperature Processes in Silicon Solar Cells Production

Frantík, Ondřej January 2014 (has links)
The thesis is focused on high temperature processes in crystalline solar cells production. Main topic is diffusion of traditional dopants phosphorus and boron. Diffusion processes for creating solar cells are different from classical diffusion in semiconductor industrial. It is reason why the thesis describes crated layers in detail. Knowledge of diffusion processes is used for creating bifacial solar cells and development of a new phosphorus emitter for conventional solar cells. Bifacial cells are a new type of cells. Developed new emitter increases efficiency and decreases cost of solar cells production. Another part the thesis is devoted to the prediction of diffusion processes. New models of phosphorus and boron diffusion for photovoltaic industrial are created in software SILVACO. Models correspond with real results.

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