Recently, research has postulated that stuttering is a motor disorder that results from brain abnormalities within the central nervous system. Based on evidence of numerous irregularities within various motor systems, it has been suggested that other motor domains may be comprised. In particular, research in individuals who stutter has found fine, gross, and visual-spatial motor impairment. These studies, though, are dated, have numerous methodological concerns, or yielded contradictory results. Thus, this study investigated whether motor skills in children who stutter (CWS) were compromised. Fine motor skills are important in a school environment because students are required to utilize these skills to complete various assignments and projects, such as cutting and folding paper. Gross motor skills are equally as important as children use these skills to move around their environment. Visual-spatial motor skills are vital for children as they are often required to copy notes off of the board. Deficits in any of these areas may have potentially harmful effects on school performance. Thus, in a school setting, school psychologists are a valuable asset, as they are trained to consult and work with "at risk" populations to prevent long-term problems. Given the potential motor deficits in CWS, school psychologists can intervene and provide appropriate accommodations to remediate any motor deficits. Participants included 12 CWS and 12 children who do not stutter (CWNS). Participants were recruited from a large urban school district and were administered the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005; BOT-2). Parents completed a demographic questionnaire. One Way Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were calculated to compare group means. Results indicated that CWS performed poorer on all but one motor area. Given these results, when a child is identified with a disfluency problem, a broader consideration of issues that may be facing the child is warranted. In particular, school psychologists are in a position to intervene and provide appropriate services to an "at risk" population (i.e., CWS) by conducting a brief motor assessment to identify motor strengths and weaknesses. If warranted, school psychologists can provide accommodations and services to address any identified weaknesses in motor areas.

Title: The significance of relation-ship between mesomorphy component and neuromotor development at football players population U12 selected from the highest czech league. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the link between the level of mesomorphy (one of the components of somatotype) and neuromotor age at the first league football players U12 from FK Dukla Praha and Bohemians 1905. Methods: The main research method was the method of observation. The research sample contained a total of 41 footballers. For determining the somatotype we used the methodology from Heath - Carter 1967. The degree of neuromotor development was assessed by Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT - 2). The estimation of the biological age was calculated from the proportional, growth and weight age and for the calculation of the decimal age we used the equation from Šelingerová (1992). In order to analyse the data we used the basic descriptive statistics, the two-sample T - test, the analysis of variance, the correlation and the linear regression. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant relationship r2 = 0,04 % between the level of mesomorphy (rated by Heath - Carter) and the performance in neuromotoric. Further, subsequent analysis of the separate muscle component in...

Bibliographical identification Title of Diplom work: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Place of work: UK FTVS Author: Jakub Šlitr Field of study: Physical education and sport Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn Ph.D. Defence year: 2016 Generalization Title: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find differences in body composition parameters selected and neuromotor development at two football teams in the U12 age category. At the same time the aim of the thesis to determine possible relationships between the studied indicators of body composition and psychomotor development Methods: To detect psychomotor development we used a battery of tests BOT-2, we used the short form of the test battery BOT-second Anthropometric data were obtained using the method to determine the somatotype Health-Carter. Values were measured using anthropometric instruments: weight, caliper, measuring tape, caliper and stadiometer. Results: Among the teams of Slavia and Sparta were found factually or statistically significant differences in...

Bibliographical identification Title of Diplom work: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Place of work: UK FTVS Author: Jakub Šlitr Field of study: Physical education and sport Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn Ph.D. Defence year: 2015 Generalization Title: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find differences in body composition parameters selected and neuromotor development at two football teams in the U12 age category. At the same time the aim of the thesis to determine possible relationships between the studied indicators of body composition and psychomotor development Methods: To detect psychomotor development we used a battery of tests BOT-2, we used the short form of the test battery BOT-second Anthropometric data were obtained using the method to determine the somatotype Health-Carter. Values were measured using anthropometric instruments: weight, caliper, measuring tape, caliper and stadiometer. Results: Among the teams of Slavia and Sparta were found factually or statistically significant differences in...

The popularity of floorball has been growing significantly. Floorball, as any other sport, is associated with certain health risks. Not only acute injuries but also chronic injuries have been connected with practicing sports. There is high risk of development of muscle imbalance, cumulative trauma disorders and chronic overuse, that negatively influence motor development of child. The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of corrective exercise on motor functions of young floorball players. Methodology: Two top Czech floorball teams of young boys has participated in the research. The observed group was composed of 79 players (Group A - 40 players, Group B - 39 players) aged 11 and 12 (the average age of 12,1 ± 0,6 SD). Short version of motor funciton test BOT-2 has been used to examine participants. Additional anamnestic data were used to run detailed analysis of factors influencing the test results. Results: The players of Tatran Střešovice and FbS Bohemians scored average percentiles of 63,45 ± 26,1 SD and 65,5 ± 27,8 SD respectively. That implies no impact of corrective exercise on results of motor funciton test (p = 0,74).However, the corrective exercise has decreased the risk of injury (p = 0,0183). The athletes playing for the team for more than 3 years have significantly...

In this research project, the question of why some younger children appear to have better motor skills than older children is investigated. The hypothesis proposed is that children involved in physical activities after school or in the evenings have better motor skills at younger ages than children who are not involved in physical activities outside of school. Young children have very varied levels of motor skills competency that have developed due to living in different environments and having varied opportunity to be physically active. These differences are a result of factors like socioeconomic status, parental influence, climate, culture, etc.1 Sports and physical activities are usually executed in team settings, allowing children to develop important social skills like team work, leadership, sportsmanship, and responsibility among other ethical skills.2 But what if in addition to these numerous benefits, physical activity throughout childhood also offered an improvement in the rate of development of motor skills? One hundred and thirty-five students in grades K-5 participated in a program looking at perception, cognition and motor skills. There were no exclusion criteria for the study and all children were invited to participate.  A total of 95% of the kids participated in the study. This study focuses on a portion of a larger study that was completed prior to the start of the program. Children’s motor skills were evaluated with a standardized measure Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Three sections of the (BOT-2) were implemented: running speed and agility, balance, and upper limb coordination. The scores were analyzed along with self-reported surveys on the levels of physical activity of the children. The results showed evidence to support an association between the amount of physical activity outside of school, either after or in the evenings, r = .621, p = .001. An association was also seen between the amount of time spent in physical activity after school/evenings and running speed and agility scores, r = 0.295 and 0.269 p=.001. This work will be useful in understanding the relationship between children’s participation in physical activity after school and motor skill development rate. The information gathered from this research can be used to promote and support the increase of physical activity time that is available to students during school. Allowing children to have more experiences and opportunities of physical activity at school can help minimize any disadvantage in the rate of motor skills development that children who are not physically active at home may have.

Diplomová práce Hodnocení motorických dovedností dětí s OI Abstract The thesis deals with the assessment of motor skills and quality of life in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. The theoretical part summarizes aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, kinesiological abnormalities and the treatment strategies. A particular part describes therapeutic interventions during the various stages of childhood with an alignment to multidisciplinary cooperation. Furthermore, tests of motor skills and quality of life are presented. The practical part assesses the applicability of the BOT-2 for the evaluation of motor skills and PedsQL for the evaluation of the quality of life in children with OI. Moreover, the BOT-2 standardized test score evaluates and compares motor skills and quality of life in children with osteogenesis imperfecta to their peers. Contemporaneously, it investigates the effect of motor skills on the quality of life in children with OI. Based on the results the thesis confirms the hypothesis - worsened both gross motor skills and fine motor skills and the dependency of quality of life on the level of motor skills. The discussion part deals with the feasibility of BOT-2 and PedsQL for the assessment of children with OI, it comments the main limitations of children with OI, and based on up-to-date...

Introduktion: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (AD(H)D/ ADD) och Autismspektrumstillstånd (AST) är livslånga tillstånd som ger påtagliga konsekvenser för individen. Förekomst av andra utvecklingsrelaterade tillstånd liksom fysisk och psykisk samsjuklighet är vanligt. Kunskapen om den motoriska förmågan hos vuxna med neuropsykiatriska tillstånd är begränsad. Syfte: Undersöka och beskriva den motoriska förmågan hos vuxna med ADHD, ADD och Autismspektrumstörning. Jämföra diagnosgrupperna och undersöka eventuella skillnader. Metod: I studien ingick 151 personer som diagnostiserats i vuxen ålder. Den motoriska förmågan undersöktes med Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, BOT-2. BOT-2 är ett normbaserat, validerat testbatteri som utgörs av fyra motoriska områden uppdelat på åtta delområden, som ger en sammanlagd poäng. Datamaterialet har analyserats med One Way ANOVA, oberoende t-test, Kruskal- Wallis test och Mann Whitney U-test. Deskriptiva data jämfördes med normvärden i BOT-2. Resultat: Jämfört med normvärden i BOT-2 låg 56% av studiepopulationen på en genomsnittlig nivå, 39 % under genomsnittet och övriga väl under genomsnittet i totalpoäng. I området handmotorisk kontroll låg medelvärdet i alla tre grupper under det normerade medelvärdet. Gruppen med Autismspektrumtillstånd hade nedsättningar inom flest områden jämfört med normvärden I AST gruppen låg resultaten i balans och bilateral koordination signifikant lägre jämfört med grupperna ADHD och ADD. I finmotorisk kontroll presterade ADD gruppen signifikant högre än i ADHD gruppen. Konklusion: Nedsättningar i den motoriska förmågan förefaller vanligt hos vuxna med ADHD, ADD och Autismspektrumtillstånd, och särskilt hos dem med AST. Vid neuropsykiatriska utredningar av vuxna bör också den motoriska förmågan bedömas. Mer forskning om förekomsten och behandling av motoriska nedsättningar vid neuropsykiatriska tillstånd är angeläget. / Introduction: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADHD/ADD) and Austim Spectrums Disorder (ASD) are lifelong conditions that often causes severe consequences for the individual. The co-existens of related neurodevelopmental disorders as well as mental and physical illness is common. Knowledge about motor performance in adults is limited. Aims: To explore och describe motor performance in adults diagnosed with ADHD, ADD och Austism Spectrum Disorder. To performe group comparisons and explore differences between groups. Methods: The population consisted of 151 inividuals diagnosed as adults. Motor abilities were examined using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition, a reference-based test of fine och gross motor skills. BOT-2 consits of eight subscales organized in four composits, and a total score. One Way ANOVA, independent t-test, Kruskal- Wallis test and Mann Whitney U statistic tests were used in the analysis. Descriptive data was analysed according to normbased data in  BOT-2. Resultat: In the population 56% perform within average and 39 % below average in Total Point score, compared to values in BOT-2. All groups performed below average in Manual Coordination. Most deficits appeared in the ASD group. The ASD group scored significantly lower in bilateral coordination and balance compared to the ADHD and ADD group. In Fine Motor Control the ADHD group performed significantly lower than the ADD group. Conclusion: Deficits in motor performance appears to be common in adults with the diagnosis ADHD, ADD och ASD, especially among individuals with ASD. When adults are clinically investigated, motor abilities should also be adressed. Further studies exploring motor abilities is recommended.

Introduktion: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, är en vanlig neuropsykiatrisk diagnos hos vuxna i Sverige med en prevalens på 2,5%. Karakteristiska problem är hyperaktivitet, impulsivitet och ouppmärksamhet. Attention Deficit Disorder, ADD, är en form av ADHD som innebär problem med uppmärksamhet och koncentration. Kunskapen om förekomst av motorikstörningar hos vuxna personer med ADHD och ADD är ännu begränsad. Syfte: Undersöka och beskriva motorisk förmåga hos en grupp vuxna med ADHD och ADD samt jämföra eventuella skillnader mellan dessa grupper. Metod: Denna studie är en del av ett större projekt vid Neurorehab Sävar, Västerbotten. Motorisk förmåga bedömdes för 109 personer enligt The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition, som i vuxen ålder fått diagnosen ADHD eller ADD. Testet är uppdelat i fyra motoriska områden; Fine Manual Control, Manual Coordination, Body Coordination, Strength and Agility, och en summering av alla områden: Total Motor Composite. Datamaterialet analyserades med oparade t-test och Mann-Whitney U-test och jämfördes deskriptivt mot normativa data. Resultat: Gruppen med ADD hade signifikant bättre poäng i Fine Manual Control än gruppen med ADHD: 60 (9) respektive 53 (10.75), p=0.027. Enligt beskrivande kategorier för Total Motor Composite hade 36,5% ur gruppen ADHD en individpoäng som var under till väl under genomsnittet jämfört med normativa data och 61.5% lika med genomsnittet. Gruppen ADD var 41.1% under till väl under genomsnittet och 59% lika med genomsnittet. Konklusion: Gruppen med ADD förefaller ha bättre finmotorik än gruppen med ADHD. Resultaten indikerar att motoriken är nedsatt hos vuxna personer med ADHD/ADD för över 30%. Ytterligare forskning om motorikstörning, vuxna och diagnosen behövs.

This study investigated the impact of a sensory-motor stimulation programme, namely the SEMOSTI Programme, on the gross motor proficiency of four-to-six-year-old children. A field experiment was conducted using a quasi-experimental comparison group pretest-posttest design as three teachers implemented the SEMOSTI Programme over a 30-week period. Data collection took place at two schools’ grade R classes in Gauteng province of South Africa. Due to a limited sample of 73 participants, the results are context-bound and specific to Afrikaans-speaking, white, grade R children and selected gross motor skills. Data was collected using subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), a scale and measuring tape as well as several questionnaires. The variables, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gender, age, and perinatal morbidity could possibly influence the results and were taken into account. Data was statistically analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure and Dunnett’s t-test analysis. Findings indicated that the SEMOSTI Programme had a significant impact on the dependent variable, gross motor proficiency. The SEMOSTI Programme positively impacted on all five motor skills tested (bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, upper-limb coordination and strength), but only the impact on running speed and agility and strength were statistically significant. Findings from the questionnaires indicated that the teachers who presented the SEMOSTI Programme perceived it as user-friendly, well-structured and effective in choice of equipment and activities. They identified the timeframe for the evaluation of developmental milestones and the structure of the plan-of-action section as weaknesses. Findings suggest that the SEMOSTI Programme is promising in improving gross motor proficiency in four-to-six-year-old children. Through participation in the programme, the experimental group significantly improved total gross motor proficiency, running speed and agility, and strength. This study offers support for the future use of the SEMOSTI Programme as a stimulation programme in grade R after further development and validation. / Dissertation (MOccTher)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Occupational Therapy / unrestricted