Depuis plusieurs années la robotique est vue comme une solution clef pour améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes ayant subi une amputation. Pour créer de nouvelles prothèses intelligentes qui peuvent être facilement intégrées à la vie quotidienne et acceptée par ces personnes, celles-ci doivent être non-intrusives, fiables et peu coûteuses. L’électromyographie de surface fournit une interface intuitive et non intrusive basée sur l’activité musculaire de l’utilisateur permettant d’interagir avec des robots. Cependant, malgré des recherches approfondies dans le domaine de la classification des signaux sEMG, les classificateurs actuels manquent toujours de fiabilité, car ils ne sont pas robustes face au bruit à court terme (par exemple, petit déplacement des électrodes, fatigue musculaire) ou à long terme (par exemple, changement de la masse musculaire et des tissus adipeux) et requiert donc de recalibrer le classifieur de façon périodique. L’objectif de mon projet de recherche est de proposer une interface myoélectrique humain-robot basé sur des algorithmes d’apprentissage par transfert et d’adaptation de domaine afin d’augmenter la fiabilité du système à long-terme, tout en minimisant l’intrusivité (au niveau du temps de préparation) de ce genre de système. L’aspect non intrusif est obtenu en utilisant un bracelet à électrode sèche possédant dix canaux. Ce bracelet (3DC Armband) est de notre (Docteur Gabriel Gagnon-Turcotte, mes co-directeurs et moi-même) conception et a été réalisé durant mon doctorat. À l’heure d’écrire ces lignes, le 3DC Armband est le bracelet sans fil pour l’enregistrement de signaux sEMG le plus performant disponible. Contrairement aux dispositifs utilisant des électrodes à base de gel qui nécessitent un rasage de l’avant-bras, un nettoyage de la zone de placement et l’application d’un gel conducteur avant l’utilisation, le brassard du 3DC peut simplement être placé sur l’avant-bras sans aucune préparation. Cependant, cette facilité d’utilisation entraîne une diminution de la qualité de l’information du signal. Cette diminution provient du fait que les électrodes sèches obtiennent un signal plus bruité que celle à base de gel. En outre, des méthodes invasives peuvent réduire les déplacements d’électrodes lors de l’utilisation, contrairement au brassard. Pour remédier à cette dégradation de l’information, le projet de recherche s’appuiera sur l’apprentissage profond, et plus précisément sur les réseaux convolutionels. Le projet de recherche a été divisé en trois phases. La première porte sur la conception d’un classifieur permettant la reconnaissance de gestes de la main en temps réel. La deuxième porte sur l’implémentation d’un algorithme d’apprentissage par transfert afin de pouvoir profiter des données provenant d’autres personnes, permettant ainsi d’améliorer la classification des mouvements de la main pour un nouvel individu tout en diminuant le temps de préparation nécessaire pour utiliser le système. La troisième phase consiste en l’élaboration et l’implémentation des algorithmes d’adaptation de domaine et d’apprentissage faiblement supervisé afin de créer un classifieur qui soit robuste au changement à long terme. / For several years, robotics has been seen as a key solution to improve the quality of life of people living with upper-limb disabilities. To create new, smart prostheses that can easily be integrated into everyday life, they must be non-intrusive, reliable and inexpensive. Surface electromyography provides an intuitive interface based on a user’s muscle activity to interact with robots. However, despite extensive research in the field of sEMG signal classification, current classifiers still lack reliability due to their lack of robustness to short-term (e.g. small electrode displacement, muscle fatigue) or long-term (e.g. change in muscle mass and adipose tissue) noise. In practice, this mean that to be useful, classifier needs to be periodically re-calibrated, a time consuming process. The goal of my research project is to proposes a human-robot myoelectric interface based on transfer learning and domain adaptation algorithms to increase the reliability of the system in the long term, while at the same time reducing the intrusiveness (in terms of hardware and preparation time) of this kind of systems. The non-intrusive aspect is achieved from a dry-electrode armband featuring ten channels. This armband, named the 3DC Armband is from our (Dr. Gabriel Gagnon-Turcotte, my co-directors and myself) conception and was realized during my doctorate. At the time of writing, the 3DC Armband offers the best performance for currently available dry-electrodes, surface electromyographic armbands. Unlike gel-based electrodes which require intrusive skin preparation (i.e. shaving, cleaning the skin and applying conductive gel), the 3DC Armband can simply be placed on the forearm without any preparation. However, this ease of use results in a decrease in the quality of information. This decrease is due to the fact that the signal recorded by dry electrodes is inherently noisier than gel-based ones. In addition, other systems use invasive methods (intramuscular electromyography) to capture a cleaner signal and reduce the source of noises (e.g. electrode shift). To remedy this degradation of information resulting from the non-intrusiveness of the armband, this research project will rely on deep learning, and more specifically on convolutional networks. The research project was divided into three phases. The first is the design of a classifier allowing the recognition of hand gestures in real-time. The second is the implementation of a transfer learning algorithm to take advantage of the data recorded across multiple users, thereby improving the system’s accuracy, while decreasing the time required to use the system. The third phase is the development and implementation of a domain adaptation and self-supervised learning to enhance the classifier’s robustness to long-term changes.

Glass has been used to make a variety of artifacts including bottles, drinking cups, vessels, window glasses, beads and bracelets. Although occasional glass bracelets were dated back to 2000 BC, large scale manufacture of glass bracelets was encountered in Central Europe in the last centuries of 1000BC. During the excavations of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k (Birecik-Sanliurfa) in 2000-20002, a number of glass bracelets were unearthed that belongs to 13th century AD. On going excavations of Mersin Yumuktepe also give quite a lot of 11th-12th centuries Byzantine glass bracelets. In this study a group of those bracelets was started to be examined. After technical drawings, color identification had been carried out by using Munsell color chart. Thin sections of some samples of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k have been prepared and then observed by an optical microscope in Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA). Observation of thin sections showed the amorphous structure of glass with some impurities and gas bubbles. On some samples deteriorated surface layers were present. XRD traces of those layers showed the typical amorphous background of glass in which no crystalline phase is present. Elemental analysis of the samples has been done using ICP-OES method in METU Central Laboratory. In the analysis major (except SiO2), minor and some trace elements were determined. ICP-OES data showed that glass bracelet samples studied are of soda-lime-silica glass. But percentage of Na2O is less than expected from typical composition of soda-lime-silica glass / being 10.5 wt % as average. This might be due to removal of Na ions from the glass network because of leaching under burial conditions. Concentration of Al2O3 in the samples of Mezraa H&ouml / y&uuml / k is almost same. This may be due to the using one type of quartz sand in bracelet production. Color producing elements seem to be Fe, Mn and Cu.

1 Abstract (in English): This dissertation compares depictions of Roman jewellery and brooches on monuments with archaeological finds. These monuments are mainly of funerary character and they come primarily from Noricum, Pannonia, Germania, in lesser amount also from Gallia and some other areas. Jewellery is also related to local variants of provincial clothing. A typology of Roman jewellery is given and subsequently I try to find analogies to these jewellery types among the depictions. The typology mentioned here doesn't represent a complete list of jewellery types and variants. It focuses on the most common variants and variants which are relevant to the depictions of jewellery. By comparison of the archaeological finds to the depictions it is possible to obtain more accurate image of the appearance of clothing in different provincial areas and also of some specific traditions related to jewellery. The majority of depicted jewellery was identified with archeaological finds of jewellery, yet some cases stay unclear.

Environ 5% des patientes sont diagnostiquées chaque année avec un cancer du sein d’emblée métastatique et 20 à 30% des cancers du sein localisés évoluent vers un stade secondairement métastatique. Les bénéfices de l’activité physique pendant les traitements chez les patientes avec un cancer du sein localisé ont largement été démontrés mais la littérature est limitée dans le cancer du sein métastatique. Ce travail de thèse a permis d’évaluer les effets potentiels de l’activité physique chez des patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein métastatique à travers trois études.L’étude observationnelle StoRM a montré une association du niveau d’activité physique recueilli par questionnaire à une meilleure survie des patientes HER2. L’étude interventionnelle ABLE a mis en évidence la faisabilité d’une intervention en activité physique avec une montre connectée dans cette population avec un excellent taux d’adhérence (96%), l’intérêt et la volonté des patientes pour les programmes d’activité physique ainsi qu’une amélioration fonctionnelle. L’intervention a contribué au un maintien de la qualité de vie, de la fatigue et du niveau d’activité physique malgré les traitements et l’avancée de la maladie. De potentiels biomarqueurs prédictifs d’une progression tumorale ont été identiés. L’étude MUST a montré que l’antioxydant SOD et de la force isométrique d’extension du quadriceps semblent prévenir la sarcopénie et une association entre le statut sarcopénie et le risque de toxicités a été confirmé. Ce travail de thèse représente une première étape dans l’analyse des effets de l’activité physique auprès de patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein métastatique. L’activité physique semble être bénéfique dans cette population, mais ces résultats nécessitent d’être confirmés dans une étude à plus grande échelle. Ces résultats préliminaires soulignent l’importance de proposer des interventions adaptées en activité physique aux patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein métastatique dès le diagnostic pour poursuivre un mode de vie actif le plus longtemps possible / Approximately 5% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer each year and 20 to 30% of localized breast cancers become secondarily metastatic. Benefits of physical activity during treatment in patients with localized breast cancer have been widely demonstrated, but the literature is limited in metastatic breast cancer. This thesis work assessed the potential effects of physical activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer through three studies.The StoRM observational study showed an association between the level of physical activity collected by questionnaire with an improvement of survival for HER2 patients. The ABLE intervention study highlighted the feasibility of a physical activity intervention with an activity tracker in this population with an excellent adherence rate (96%), patients' interest and willingness to participate in physical activity programs and functional improvements. The intervention contributed to maintaining quality of life, fatigue and physical activity levels despite treatment and disease progression. Potential biomarkers predictive of tumor progression have been identified. The MUST study showed that the antioxidant SOD and quadriceps isometric extension force appear to prevent sarcopenia and an association between sarcopenia status and toxicity risk was confirmed. This thesis work represents a first step in analyzing the effects of physical activity on patients with metastatic breast cancer. Physical activity appears to be beneficial in this population, but these results need to be confirmed in a larger scale study. These preliminary results highlight the importance of providing appropriate physical activity interventions for patients with metastatic breast cancer at the time of diagnosis in order to maintain an active lifestyle as long as possible

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-13T20:53:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCBG.pdf: 7218485 bytes, checksum: 2cf426653054d277b62444205d20b8d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:35:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCBG.pdf: 7218485 bytes, checksum: 2cf426653054d277b62444205d20b8d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:35:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCBG.pdf: 7218485 bytes, checksum: 2cf426653054d277b62444205d20b8d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T13:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCBG.pdf: 7218485 bytes, checksum: 2cf426653054d277b62444205d20b8d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Não recebi financiamento / From the need to increase the concentration and the interest of students playful method of teaching was applied, by making use of a desire of the students to pro-duce elastic bracelets, introducing through this form of craft concepts of the curriculum of mathematics for the seventh year of basic education and some concepts of financial mathematics which served as reminder of the mathematical operations concepts taught previously. The result was an improvement in the levels of learning, concentration and application on carrying out and completion of the tasks proposed. / A partir da necessidade de aumentar a concentração e o interesse dos alunos por aulas de matemática foi aplicado um método lúdico de ensino, utilizando uma vontade presente nos alunos em confeccionar pulseiras de elástico, introduzindo através dessa forma de artesanato conceitos do currículo de matemática para o sétimo ano do ensino fundamental e alguns conceitos de matemática financeira que serviram como re-cordação dos conceitos de operações matemáticas ensinados anteriormente. O resultado obtido foi uma melhora nos níveis de aprendizado, concentração e aplicação na realização e conclusão das tarefas propostas.