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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Šiuo metu reabilitacijos įstaigose trūksta paprastų tikslių instrumentinių tyrimų GSI patyrusių pacientų raumenų jėgai matuoti. Svarbu išsiaiškinti, ar instrumentiniai tyrimai naudingi galvos smegenų insultą patyrusiųjų funkcijų atgavimo prognozei. Tyrimo objektas. Galvos smegenų insultu sergančiųjų apatinių galūnių jėgos deficitas (JD). Tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti dinamometrinių parametrų informatyvumą galvos smegenų insulto pažeistos motorinės funkcijos atgavimo prognozei. Tiriamųjų kontingentą sudarė 59-73 metų vyrai ir moterys (n=24) sergantys galvos smegenų insultu. Tiriamieji atrinkti naudojantis Pasaulinės Sveikatos Organizacijos pripažintu Barthel indeksu, kuris skirtas vertinti paciento savarankiškumą bei pagal mini mąstymo testą, skirtą protiniam sutrikimui nustatyti. Testavimai buvo atliekami standartinio gydymo laikotarpio reabilitacijos įstaigoje pradžioje bei pabaigoje. Tiriamieji testuoti raumenų jėgos testavimui naudojant manualinį dinamometrą bei Reese NB (2005) “Muscle and sensory testing” protokolą. Buvo registruojamas abiejų kūno pusių maksimalus blauzdos lenkiamųjų, blauzdos tiesiamųjų, pėdos lenkiamųjų ir tiesiamųjų raumenų jėgos dydis. Be šių matavimų, tiriamieji turėjo atlikti atsistojimo-atsisėdimo testą. Visų tirtųjų raumenų jėga reabilitacijos pradžioje buvo asimetriška lyginant sveikąją bei pažeistąją kūno puses. Visų tirtų apatinių galūnių raumenų jėgos dydžio vidurkis abiejose kūno pusėse reabilitacijos pabaigoje reikšmingai padidėjo lyginant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are not enough simple apparatus methods for the brain stroke suffers strength testing. It is useful to assess if apparatus methods are informative for the brain stroke suffers diaganostic. Subject of the study. Brain stroke suffers strength deficit of lower extremities. Aim. To assess the usefulness of the dynamometric parameters on the prognosis of recovering motor function after stroke. Subjects comprised males men and women aged 59-73 (n=24) with brain stroke. Subjects to be studied were selected according to the Barthel index acknowledged by the World Health Organization; this index is intended to assess patient’s self-dependence. Measurements were taken at a rehabilitation institution in the beginning and at the end of the standard treatment period. The researched people’s muscle strength was tested with a manual dynamometer on a protocol by Reese NB (2005) “Muscle and Sensory Testing”. Maximum values of knee flexors, knee extensors and foot flexor muscles (both dorsal and plantar flexion) of both sides of the body were analyzed. Besides these measurements, a stand-sit test was carried out. In the beginning of the rehabilitation, lower extremities’ muscle strength was asymmetric bilaterally in all of the recruited patients. At the end of the rehabilitation, muscle strength of both sides of the body increased significantly in comparison with the initial value (p<0.05). Muscle strength of the affected side of the body increased more markedly than that of the... [to full text]

Disorders of brain bloodstream, the most serious of which is stroke, take the third place of death causes. Restoration of limb functions for the patients after the brain stroke requires much time and efforts. As a result, this experiment involved the motor relearning programme of Carr J. and Shepherd R. as an adaptive physical activity along with the traditional kinesitherapy. The main focus of the motor relearning programme is training and learning as the patient actively participates in the treatment process. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effect of the motor relearning programme on the people after the brain stroke to restore limb functions. The tasks of the paper are the following: 1. To evaluate the functional limb condition of patients after the brain stroke before the application of treatment methods. 2. To evaluate the functional limb condition after the application of treatment methods. 3. To evaluate the efficiency of the motor relearning programme. 4. To determine the influence of age on the alterations of limb functions for the patients after the brain stroke. The quantitative experiment was performed in the neurological department of Šiauliai Hospital. Experimental group was composed of 60 patients with affected upper extremity. The adaptive physical activity was applied to the present patients in order to restore the functions of their affected upper extremities along with the traditional kinesitherapy. 60 patients composed auditorial group and the... [to full text]

Galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimai Lietuvoje – svarbi medicinos ir socialinė problema. Kasmet vidutiniškai insultą patiria 7-8 tūkst. žmonių, iš jų apie pusę moterys (Avižonienė, 1998). Tai yra 3-oji pagal dažnį mirties priežastis po širdies-kraujagyslių ligų ir vėžio. Atstatomojo gydymo metu kineziterapija vaidina svarbų ir dažnai pagrindinį vaidmenį. Kineziterapijos uždavinys – motorikos lavinimas. Judesių analizavimas neurofiziologiniu aspektu atveria platesnes galimybes pacientų testavimui ir gydymo efektyvumui. Galima teigti, kad atgaunant pacientų sutrikusį mobilumą, koordinaciją ir pusiausvyrą, esant galvos smegenų insultui, pagerėjimo poslinkiai I ir II reabilitacijos etapo metu yra skirtingi. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti kineziterapijos efektyvumą, atkuriant pacientų mobilumą, koordinaciją ir pusiausvyrą sergant galvos smegenų insultu, po I ir II reabilitacinio gydymo etapo. Iškelti uždaviniai šiam tikslui įgyvendinti: 1) nustatyti ir palyginti kineziterapijos procedūrų efektyvumą atkuriant pacientų, sergančių išeminiu ar hemoraginiu insultu, mobilumą po I ir II reabilitacinio gydymo etapo; 2) nustatyti ir palyginti kineziterapijos procedūrų efektyvumą atkuriant pacientų, sergančių išeminiu ar hemoraginiu insultu, judesių koordinaciją po I ir II reabilitacinio gydymo etapo; 3) nustatyti ir palyginti kineziterapijos procedūrų efektyvumą atkuriant pacientų, sergančių išeminiu ar hemoraginiu insultu, pusiausvyrą po I ir II reabilitacinio gydymo etapo. Tyrime... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Encephalon circulatory disturbance is a very important medical as well as social issue in Lithuania. Approximately 7-8 thousand people a year suffer a stroke; about half of these numbers are women (Avižonienė, 1988). This is the third most common cause of death, after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Physiotherapy, as a means of rehabilitation, has an important and often the main role in the treatment. The aim of the theory and practice of physiotherapy is training of motor coordination. Movement analysis in terms of neurophysiology provides opportunities for testing and treatment of patients. It can be stated, that during restoration of patients’ distorted mobility, coordination and balance, in case of stroke, changes during the first and the second stages are different. The aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of physiotherapy restoring patients’ mobility, coordination and balance, in case of stroke, after the first and the second stage of rehabilitation treatment. The goals set to achieve the aim are the following: 1) to assess and to compare the efficiency of physiotherapeutic procedures restoring the mobility of patients suffering from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, after the first and the second stage of rehabilitation treatment; 2) to assess and compare the efficiency of physiotherapeutic procedures restoring the coordination of patients suffering from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke after the first and the second stage of rehabilitation treatment... [to full text]

Orientador: Gabriela Castellano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MarciaSilvade_D.pdf: 17533323 bytes, checksum: 32a83eb4815b68f061baa91a4b0ab2e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Análise de textura em imagens digitais é um termo que se refere a um grupo de técnicas de processamento de imagens que objetivam a extração de descritores da imagem ou de regiões de interesse (ROIs) de forma a simplificar a caracterização das mesmas. A textura pode ser entendida como características intrínsecas da imagem (por exemplo: brilho, cor e distribuição de formas) que remetem à ideia de regularidade, rugosidade, suavidade, entre outras, por isso o nome 'textura'. Um tipo particular de análise de textura, bastante utilizado em imagens médicas, se baseia em medidas estatítsticas relativas à distribuição de níveis de cinza da imagem (matriz de coocorrência). Os descritores de textura, baseados na matriz de coocorrência, são conhecidos como descritores de Haralick. Este trabalho consistiu na aplicação de vídeo deste tipo de análise em imagens de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de vítimas de Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico e em imagens de Ressonância Magnetica (RM) de portadores de Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil, Doença de Machado-Joseph, Déficit Cognitivo Leve e Doença de Alzheimer, visando o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional que auxilie o neurologista na identificação de areas atingidas por estas doenças e que não sejam distinguíveis em uma análise visual. Neste trabalho foram selecionadas regiões de interesse (ROIs) e calculados os parâmetros de textura para cada grupo de imagens. Após o cálculo dos descritores de textura foi realizada uma análise estatística para verificar se havia diferenciação entre os vários tipos de tecidos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a análise de textura pode, de fato, ser utilizada para a extração de características discriminantes, tanto nas imagens de TC quanto nas imagens de RM para as cinco patologias analisadas / Abstract: Texture analysis in digital images is a term that refers to a group of image processing techniques that aim to extract descriptors of the image or regions of interest (ROIs) in order to simplify their characterization. Texture may be understood as intrinsic characteristics of the image (such as brightness, color and distribution of forms) that refer to the idea of regularity, roughness and smoothness, hence the name 'texture'. A particular type of texture analysis, widely used in medical imaging, is based on statistical measurements related to the image gray level distribution (coocurrence matrix). The texture descriptors based on the coocurrence matrix are known as Haralick descriptors. This work consisted on applying this type of analysis to computed tomography (CT) images of victims of Ischemic Stroke and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, Machado-Joseph disease, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, in order to develop a computational tool to assist neurologists in the identification of areas affected by these diseases and which are not perceived in a visual analysis. In this work we selected regions of interest (ROIs) and calculated the texture parameters for each group of images. After the calculation of the texture descriptors, a statistical analysis was performed to determine whether there was differentiation between the various types of tissues. The results showed that texture analysis can indeed be used for the extraction of discriminant features in both the CT an the MR images for the five studied pathologies / Doutorado / Física / Doutora em Ciências