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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A Comparison of Brain Trauma Profiles Between Elite Men's Rugby Union 15s and Rugby Union 7s Game Play

Paiement, Bianca 04 June 2020 (has links)
Head impact and subsequent brain trauma is a concern in contact sports including rugby. Head collisions present acute and long term injury risks to the brain ranging from non-symptomatic, concussion, and neurodegeneration. Rugby Union 15s and Rugby Union 7s are the two most played codes of the sport and the physical and tactical differences may affect how brain trauma is experienced (Cunniffe, Proctor, Baker, & Davies, 2009; Colin W Fuller, Taylor, & Molloy, 2010; L. J. Suarez-Arrones, J. Nunez, Portillo, & Mendez-Villanueva, 2012). It is important to consider all parameters contributing to acute and long term injury risk in order to appropriately capture brain trauma experienced in a contact/collision sport (Karton & Hoshizaki, 2018). Impact frequency, frequency-magnitude, and interval between impact have all been reported to affect brain trauma. Trauma profiling is a method used to describe brain trauma using the variables relating to brain injury risk. The purpose of this study was to compare head impacts experienced in rugby union 15s and 7s using frequency of impact events, frequency-magnitude of brain deformation, and time interval between impacts. Thirty-six hundred (3600) player minutes of footage were analysed for each code, and all head impacts were categorised. Twenty (20) impact conditions were observed and reconstructed. Head to shoulder, hip and knee events were reconstructed using a pneumatic linear impactor, head to head events were reconstructed using a pendulum system, and head to ground events were reconstructed using a monorail drop rig. Results from both codes were compared using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests and demonstrated that Rugby 7s had a higher overall frequency of head impact, a greater number of head impacts causing higher trauma , and a shorter time interval between head impacts. These results suggest that rugby 7s presents a greater risk for sustaining brain trauma. These results will help expand the understanding of conditions leading to injury, and may lead to better interventions, such as equipment or rule changes, to mitigate risk.
12

Multiple Self-Inflicted Nail Gun Head Injury

Testerman, George M., Dacks, Laura M. 01 June 2007 (has links)
Penetrating brain injury resulting from nail-gun use is a well-characterized entity, one that is increasing in frequency as nail guns become more powerful and more readily available to the public. We present a case and offer management strategies for a 50-year-old male with two intracranial penetrating nail gun injuries. Nail gun brain injuries are commonly intentionally self-inflicted. Suicide should be considered when straight nails cause wounds to the chest, head, or abdomen. The primary preoperative concern is formation of a traumatic pseudoaneurism, which prompts both preoperative and follow-up cerebral angiography. Surgery for combined intracranial and extracranial injury may require the collaborative expertise of colleagues from the fields of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and oral maxillofacial surgery. A rational management strategy should permit these patients to be discharged with no additional injury.
13

Concussions and Other Headaches: An Analysis of the Journalistic Coverage of the Concussion Crisis and Football-Related Brain Trauma

Brogley Webb, Jordan 03 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
14

Untersuchung des Effektes der Leukotrienbiosynthesehemmung nach experimentellem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma

Voigt, Cornelia 13 June 2013 (has links)
Gegenstand der Dissertationsschrift ist die Untersuchung des Effektes einer Hemmung der Leukotrienbiosynthese auf die Entwicklung des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas (SHT) nach experimenteller fokaler Kontusionsverletzung im Rattenmodell. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit wurden im Jahre 2011 in einer Publikation veröffentlicht. Das SHT ist eine schwerwiegende globale Erkrankung mit hoher Inzidenz und Mortalität. Diese führt zu hohen Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem, zum einen durch die akute Behandlung im Krankenhaus, zum anderen durch die sich daran anschließenden rehabilitativen Maßnahmen. Nach der primär biomechanischen Verletzung des Hirns, die nicht beeinflussbar ist, bietet die anschließende sekundäre Hirnschädigung aufgrund verschiedener Stoffwechselprozesse Angriffspunkte für eine (medikamentöse) Therapie des SHT. Die sekundären Hirnschäden werden maßgeblich durch die Entwicklung eines perikontusionellen Hirnödems und dem daraus resultierenden Anstieg des intrakraniellen Druckes beeinflusst. Wie in vorangegangenen Untersuchungen gezeigt werden konnte, kam es nach experimentellem SHT zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der Leukotrienwerte im Liquor von Ratten. Dies warf die Frage nach der Rolle der Leukotriene (LT) im posttraumatischen Hirnstoffwechsel bezüglich der Ödementwicklung auf. Ziel dieser Arbeit war der Nachweis einer direkten Beteiligung von Leukotrienen an der sekundären Hirnschädigung und das Aufzeigen eines möglichen therapeutischen Zuganges durch Substitution von Leukotrienbiosynthesehemmern. Dafür wurde bei adulten Ratten ein fokales SHT induziert. Anschließend wurden in zwei Therapiegruppen zwei unterschiedlich wirkende Leukotrieninhibitoren mehrmalig oral verabreicht und die Ausprägung des SHTs nach 24 bzw. 72 Stunden mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und immunhistochemischen Aufarbeitung der Hirne mit einer nicht therapierten Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Bei einem dieser LT-Inhibitoren handelte es sich um ein Weihrauchpräparat, das als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel bereits zu erhalten ist und somit auch potentiell am Menschen zur Anwendung kommen kann. Die Ergebnisse waren vielversprechend und zeigten in beiden Therapiegruppen ein verringertes Kontusionsvolumen im MRT und immunhistochemisch einen geringeren Verlust von Neuronen im perikontusionellen Bereich. Somit scheinen Leukotriene einen Anteil an den sekundären Schädigungsprozessen nach SHT zu tragen. Weitere Untersuchungen, vor allem bezüglich eines eventuell verbesserten klinischen Outcome durch Leukotrienbiosynthesehemmung, erscheinen sinnvoll um den potentiellen Einsatz von LT-Synthesehemmstoffen in der Therapie des SHT in Erwägung ziehen zu können.:1. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 2. Bibliographische Beschreibung 3. Einleitung: Schädel-Hirn-Trauma 3.1. Einteilung 3.2. Epidemiologie 3.3 Klinik und Therapie 3.4 Posttraumatisches Hirnödem 3.5 Experimentelles Schädel-Hirn-Trauma 3.6 Leukotriene, MK886 und Boscari 4. Originalpublikation 5. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 6. Referenzen 7. Anlagen 7.1 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 7.3 Danksagung
15

Analyse transgener Mauslinien mit zelltypspezifischer Expression fluoreszenter Proteine als Modelle für akute Hirntraumata / Analysis of transgenic Mouse Lines with Cell Type specific Expression of Fluorescent Proteins as Models of acute Brain Trauma

Braun, Christian 23 November 2010 (has links)
No description available.
16

The Role of Calcineurin in Dendritic Remodeling and Epileptogenesis in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Campbell, John 14 February 2012 (has links)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, causes potentially preventable damage in part through the dysregulation of neural calcium levels. This dysregulation likely affects the activity of the calcium-sensitive phosphatase, calcineurin, with serious implications for neural function. To test this possibility, the present study characterized the role of calcineurin in a rat model of brain trauma, the lateral fluid percussion injury model. Golgi-Cox histochemistry revealed an acute post-TBI loss and delayed overgrowth of dendritic spines on principal cortical cells. The spine loss appeared to require calcineurin activity, since administering a calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, 1 hour after TBI prevented the spine loss. Additional experiments showed how calcineurin activity might be related to the spine loss. Specifically, Western blots and enzyme activity assays revealed an acute increase in the cortical activity of calcineurin and its downstream effector, the actin-depolymerizing protein, cofilin. The cofilin activation was blocked by the same FK506 treatment that prevented spine loss, suggesting a relationship between cofilin activation and spine loss. To investigate long-term consequences of calcineurin activation after TBI, rats were administered FK506 (Tacrolimus) 1 hour after TBI and then monitored for spontaneous seizure activity months later. Acute post-TBI treatment with FK506 reduced the frequency of late non-convulsive seizures but did not prevent late convulsive seizures, cortical atrophy, or thalamic damage. The results of the present study implicate calcineurin in the acute dendritic remodeling and late non-convulsive seizures that occur after TBI. Importantly, these findings reveal calcineurin as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of TBI and its sequalae.
17

Quelles potentialités thérapeutiques pour l’érythropoiétine recombinante dans le traitement des traumatismes du système nerveux central ? / Which therapeutic potencies for recombinant human erythropoietin in central nervous system traumatic injuries ?

Lieutaud, Thomas 01 February 2012 (has links)
L'érythropoiétine (Epo) est une protéine ubiquitaire dans les tissus de l'organisme. Elle est dotée d'une fonction endocrine, autocrine et paracrine. Elle favorise les activités anti-apoptotiques des tissus soumis à un stress hypoxique. Dans de nombreux modèles animaux de traumatisme ou d'agression du système nerveux central et quelques études cliniques, l'Epo recombinante humaine (Epo-rh) a révélé des propriétés neuroprotectrices. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'améliorer les connaissances sur l'Epo afin de favoriser l'inclusion de l'Epo-rh dans l'arsenal thérapeutique chez l'homme après traumatisme du système nerveux central. Deux axes de travail ont été explorés : dans un première partie, pour expliquer l'échec de la mise en oeuvre d'une étude de la tolérance et d'efficacité biologioque de l'Epo-rh dans le Traumatisme Médullaire Déficitaire (TMD) chez l'homme, nous avons étudié l'épidémiologie des TMD sur la période 1997-2006, à partir du Registre des accidents du Rhône. Ensuite nous avons étudié l'évolution de cette incidence entre 2 périodes de 6 ans : 1995-2001 et 2003-2008. Parallèlement, compte tenu d'une incidence de traumatisme crânien (TC) 20 fois plus élevée que celle du TMD chez l'homme, nous avons entrepris de caractériser les effets d'un TC expérimental par percussion fluide latérale (LFPI) chez le rat afin de mieux comprendre la pharmacologie et les mécanismes d'action moléculaires, en particulier anti-inflammatoires et neuroprotecteurs, de l'Epo-rh / Erythropoietin (Epo) is an ubiquitous cytokine. It has endocrine, paracrin and autocrin functions. It improves antiapoptotic mechanisms on all tissues subjected to hypoxic stress. In many animal models of brain trauma but also in other brain injury models, and some human clinical studies, recombinant Human Epo (Epo-rh) has proven neuro-protective properties. The main goal of this work was to improve and incorporate Epo-rh in the pharmacological arsenal of treatment in brain and spinal cord traumatic injuries in human. In a first part, to explore the reasons of failure of inclusion in a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) study to test the thrombo-embolic tolerance and efficacy of Epo-rh, we studied the epidemiology of SCI using the road crash Rhône registry in the period 1997-2006. Then we compared the epidemiological trends of the SCI incidence, associated trauma, mortality and fatality rates in two periods of 6 years: 1995-2001 and 2003-2008. In a second part, due to the 20-fold higher incidence of traumatic brian injury (TBI) in comparison to SCI, we characterized the effects of a moderate (1.6-1.8 atm) lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in order to understand and characterize the pharmacological, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of action of Epo-rh in such a brain injury

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