O varejo brasileiro vem num processo de profissionalização e que começa a fazer jus ao porte desse mercado. Passados os anos de ajuste inicial pós-Plano real, o período de 2000 a 2007 oferece dados mais apropriados para desenvolver-se um estudo da dinâmica das vendas de varejo no Brasil. Este trabalho procura contribuir com uma análise empírica adicional sobre as relações entre o consumo, mais notadamente as vendas de varejo e o seu comportamento em relação à renda do trabalho assalariado, características sazonais, juros e condições de crédito ao consumidor da economia brasileira. O alicerce teórico utilizado é o da Teoria do Consumo, desenvolvida na intersecção dos campos da macro e microeconomia. A partir de um conjunto de perguntas direcionadoras sobre o comportamento agregado das vendas no varejo, são propostas cinco hipóteses a respeito da relação entre as vendas do varejo e a renda do consumidor, a reação das vendas a inovações no ambiente de crédito para o consumidor, comportamento das vendas em relação a juros, sazonalidade, prazo de pagamento e um indicador de alavancagem que relaciona volume de crédito e renda do consumidor. São desenvolvidos e testados modelos econométricos de séries temporais em sistemas de uma equação, equações simultâneas, inclusão de termos auto-regressivos e variáveis defasadas. As séries de índices de dados de vendas do varejo, renda do trabalho e condições de crédito são formadas a partir de séries disponibilizadas pelo IPEADATA. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de longo prazo entre as vendas do varejo e o rendimento do trabalho assalariado, confirmam a forte sazonalidade do quarto trimestre e Natal sobre o ano todo. Apontam também para um consumidor sensível a juros, prazo e, em menor grau, à alavancagem de crédito. Uma análise da função de resposta a impulso indica um tempo de reação das vendas de aproximadamente cinco meses para juros e alavancagem e tendência à estabilização numa posição inferior ao patamar anterior ao choque. / The Brazilian retail has been experiencing a professionalization process that gradually is getting in line with its market importance. Several years after the initial adjustments post Real Plan, the period between 2000 and 2007 offered more appropriate information to conduct a thorough analysis on the Brazilian retail sales dynamics. The purpose of this study is to contribute with an additional empirical analysis about the consumption relationships, especially those related to retail sales and its connection with wage income revenues, seasonal variables, interest and the conditions of access to consumer credit in the Brazilian economy. This study is based on the consumption theory which derives from the intersection of micro and macro economy. Starting with a set of driving questions about the aggregate behavior of retail sales, the study presents five hypothesis about the relationships between the consumer income and retail sales; the association between sales trends and the innovations in the consumer credit market, interest , seasonality and payment terms and a leverage index that associates credit volume and consumer income. The study developed and tested econometric models of time series in single and multiple equation systems, simultaneous equations, that used the inclusion of self-regressive terms and retarded variables.The time series of retail sales indexes, wage income revenues and credit conditions have been pulled out of the time series available from IPEADATA. The result analysis indicates a long term relationship between retail sales and the wage income revenue, confirming a strong fourth quarter seasonality and Christmas season over the whole year period. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the consumer is sensitive primarily to interest and payment terms and secondly to credit leverage. An evaluation of the feedback function to impulse indicates a sales reaction trend period of approximately five months in regard to interest and leverage and a stabilization trend towards a lower position after the interest impact.

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In the late 90’s the creative industries emerged as a new concept to aggregate industries whose products were primarily based on creative inputs and were subject to intellectual property. In the field of media studies, the creative industries emerges as an attempt to understand a segmented and convergent media environment, and account for the impacts of new technologies of information and communication on society. The creative industries are considered key industries in the information society due to its reliance on knowledge and information. As a consequence many countries, regions and cities adopted plans and strategies to attract and/or develop creative industries in their territories hoping to foster local economic development. This adoption is evident not only at core cities and regions, but also at non-core places that are hoping to become a significant node in the information society. This dissertation investigates such a case of a non-core city, via the analysis of the core media related creative industries in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The analysis of Salvador’s core media related creative industries indicates the importance of the logic of proximity/agglomeration and concentration for the creative industries, and also indicates how a non-core city incorporates the concept the creative industries and the media related creative industries into its development planning and economic development strategy. / text

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A forest type dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Caesalpiniaceae) occurs on Maraca Island on a range of soil types. Maraca is located in Roraima State (Brazil) in the Rio Uraricoera and has an area of about 100,000 ha. This study compares the structure and floristic composition of the Peltogyne forest with the most widespread lowland forest type on Maraca and investigates some factors that could be involved in the persistent monodominance of Peltogyne. Three 0.25 ha plots were set up in each of three forest types: Peltogyne-rich forest (PRF), Peltogyne-poor forest (PPF) and forest without Peltogyne (FWP). Within each plot all trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were recorded. Seedlings and saplings were sampled in sub-plots of 2 m x 1 m (seedlings) and 4 m x 4 m (saplings). In the PPF and FWP, Sapotaceae were the most important family with the highest dominance and relative density values. Caesalpiniaceae showed high values in the PRF and PPF. Licania kunthiana, Pradosia surinamensis and Simarouba amara occurred in the forest types. Peltogyne dominated had 20% of stems and 53% of the trees ~ 10 cm dbh, and 91% of the canopy layer the canopy in total basal stems and 97% in all the the PRF and area of all of the total basal area of individuals > 50 cm dbh. In PPF, Lecythis corrugata and Tetragastris panamensis were the most abundant species, followed by Peltogyne. In the FWP the most abundant trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were L. kunthiana and P. surinamensis. In general, Peltogyne had low rates of seed predation and herbivory, but suffered locally high levels of damage to its seeds by leaf-cutter ants and was once observed to have an infestation of larvae of the moth Eulepidotis phrygionia on its young leaves. Peltogyne had no allelopathic effects on tested species and had VA mycorrhizal associations. Its occurrence remains unexplained but is most clearly correlated with soil magnesium.

In the Third World, the Oil Crisis has emphasized the vulnerability of certain large oil-importing countries, engaged in an extensive process of industrialization. The author asks whether Brazil's response to this new challenge will emerge from a tradition of direct State involvement in Energy (exemplified by PETROBRAS), or an original strategy based on the private sector. Both the personal commitment of General Geisel to enhance the national bourgeoisie, and the general context of the mid-Seventies, favour the latter. As the locally-owned sugar-producing oligopoly promotes an alcohol program to replace gasoline, the State is seeking a loose formula--an Alliance of the agro-energetic sector with the multinational automobile industry and PETROBRAS. Its success would be based on the performance of each actor. / Given a tradition of susceptibility of the Brazilian State to internal lobbying, and the choice in favour of indirect involvement in the program, it is not surprising that controls remained largely ineffective. Further structural limitations--an archaic agriculture resulting in low productivity of land, a lack of private funding, and technological deficiencies (caused by inadequate R & D activities)--induced the failure of the program in its original conception. However, the national bourgeoisie's fear of foreign control lead the military to veto the possible alternative of further internationalization of the alcohol sector. It remains to be seen, in the light of the weakening position of Brazil in the world economy, if such a stance can be maintained in the long term.

No description available.

An enduring puzzle of race relations in Brazil is that for most of the 20th century this topic was conspicuously absent from politics, in spite of deep-rooted inequalities between whites and non-whites. The ideology of "racial democracy" effectively depoliticised the issue until the late 1990s, when a wide-ranging programme of affirmative action policies for Afro-Brazilians was implemented. / Beginning with the idea that the myth of racial democracy functioned as an ideological hegemony in the Gramscian sense, this dissertation seeks to explain the process through which public policies ceased to reflect this hegemonic ideology, and instead began to represent a counterhegemonic project. Contrary to traditional Gramscian analysis, I argue that a counterhegemonic project can be defended not only by civil society actors, but also by the state, and that the relative strength of counterhegemonic actors is often influenced by transnational factors. Indeed, I argue that when civil society actors lack the necessary strength to reach a leadership position in civil society that can counter the hegemonic order, a counterhegemonic confluence of civil society, state and transnational actors can produce this change. / An analysis of the evolution of racial politics in Brazil since the return of democratic rule in the 1980s demonstrates that such a confluence did indeed take place in Brazil, culminating at the United Nations World Conference Against Racism in Durban in 2001. A study of the implementation of admissions quotas for Afro-Brazilians in the state universities of Rio de Janeiro serves to confirm the importance of the contribution of the state and transnational actors, as well as to examine the limits of the confluence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-300).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1986. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 517-538).