Este trabalho estuda a construção da cena nas montagens brechtianas dirigidas por Irene Brietzke, destacada diretora gaúcha das últimas décadas do século passado, buscando documentar e resgatar seu processo criativo, analisar os pontos de contato e as divergências com as teorias formuladas por Bertolt Brecht e fazer um levantamento iconográfico das mesmas. Resgatamos a memória das peças brechtianas, uma a cada capítulo, através das respectivas fichas técnicas, fotos, declarações e matérias publicadas na imprensa e dos depoimentos colhidos com Brietzke. É utilizado o nome dos espetáculos para denominar os capítulos e em cada um deles a discussão é focalizada sobre os pontos teóricos que a encenação sugere e que são relacionados com questões como a inserção histórica das montagens, o pós-brechtiano e o pós-dramático, o efeito de estranhamento, a recepção teatral, o papel da música na encenação e a construção da cena. Este trabalho articula diálogos com as vozes e idéias de Bertolt Brecht, Gerd Bornheim, Hans-Thyes Lehmann, Patrice Pavis, Marco de Marinis, entre outros. Buscamos destacar os principais diferenciais de seu trabalho, como o uso das comédias, debochadas e escrachadas, da presença marcante e essencial da música na cena brietzkiana, o grau de fidelidade à Brecht e várias outras questões que transpassam a obra de Brietzke. / The purpose of this paper is to study the scenery construction in the Brechtian setting productions directed by Mrs. Irene Brietzke, distinguished “gaucha” stage director in the last decades of the 20th Century, in an attempt to document and retrieve her creative process, to analyze the contact points and divergences connected to the theories stated by Bertolt Brecht, and to conduct an iconographic survey of them all. We retrieve the memory of the Brechtian pieces, one in each chapter, by means of their respective technical files, pictures, statements and articles set forth in the press, and the testimonies gathered with Brietzke. The names of the public performances are utilized to denominate the chapters, the discussion in each one is focused on the theoretical points the stage plays suggest and are related to matters, such as the historical insertion of productions, the post-Brechtian and the postdramatic, the strangeness effect, the theatric reception, the music role in the production and the scene construction. This paper articulates dialogs with voices and ideas of Bertolt Brecht, Gerd Bornheim, Hans-Thyes Lehmann, Patrice Pavis, Marco de Marinis, among others. We try to highlight the main differentials of her work, such as the comedies’ use, mocking and quizzical style, the essential and noteworthy presence of the music in the Brietzkian scene, the extent of faithfulness degree to Brecht and many other questions that overstep the Brietzke’s work.

M.A. (English) / The aim of this d i s s e r t a t i on is to identify the influence of Bertolt Bretht on Fugard's life and work in South African theatre. As Fugard himself is not German-speaking, and his experience of Brecht is perforce through translations of Brecht into English, this is not a comparative study bet veeri the dramatists. It merely uses Fugard's own statements about his reading of Brecht in English at various points in his career, from the 1950s to the present, to show this particular aspect of his own development as a dramatist. The standard works on Fugard - Athol Fugard, Stephen Gray (ed.) (Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill, 1982), Dennis Walder, Athol Fugard (London: Macmillan, 1984) and Russell Vandenbroucke, Truths the Hand can Touch (Johannesburg: Donker, 1986) - refer only glancingly to this possibility. The introduction establishes the many references Fugard has made to Brecht in his writing - which includes not only his plays, but his novel, filmscripts, notebooks, letters and interviews and interprets how Fugard perceives various Brechtian theatre principles, such as the use of the alienation effect, the epic nature of drama and the function of theatre in the community. In the following chapters Fugard's vorks are examined, in order to show how Brecht has been of use to him at various key points in his career. This is done chronologically, so that a larger picture of the influence on Fugard's development as a dramatist and his changing use of Brecht as a source may be seen. The conclusion of this dissertation takes the findings of the previous chapters and assesses the nature of the BrechtFugard link, taking into account the different aspects and levels. This is briefly compared to the findings of the latest critical work to have corne out in which Fugard features - Martin Orkin, Drama and the South African State (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1991) - in an attempt to show how using the methodology of a source and influence study like this is of value in coming to a deeper understanding of the dramaturgy of a writer like Fugard...

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Ce mémoire porte sur deux textes théâtraux tirés du répertoire de Bertolt Brecht, Mère Courage et ses enfants et La Vie de Galilée. Le choix de ces deux pièces tient à la place qu'y occupe l'Histoire : la première prend place au cours de la guerre de Trente ans, la seconde met en scène des éléments biographiques de la vie du véritable Galilée. L'objectif de notre réflexion est d'établir un modèle éthique de l'intrigue, c'est-à-dire de schématiser, dans ses mécanismes et ses enjeux, le problème éthique tel qu'il advient dans ces textes. Notre réflexion se découpe en trois parties, chacune d'elles articulée sur un principe précis : l'Histoire, l'éthique et la notion de sujet. Nous démontrons que l'éthique, telle qu'elle se présente chez dans ces textes de Brecht, est liée à l'inscription du sujet (du personnage principal) dans l'Histoire. Les pièces exposent des personnages confrontés, au niveau moral et éthique, à des situations dont l'ampleur et la portée sont historiques. Les actions des héros, ainsi que les rapports qu'ils entretiennent avec autrui, sont régis par cette responsabilité : les gestes et paroles des personnages ont un impact sur le cours des choses, sur le déroulement des événements et la collectivité. Cette inscription dans l'Histoire et la responsabilité qu'elle engendre ouvrent plusieurs questions, notamment celle de la fonction cognitive de l'éthique. L'éthique chez Brecht devient un outil explicatif, le moyen d'une démonstration didactique; elle vise à éveiller la conscience du spectateur, à susciter sa participation active dans le spectacle. À partir des situations (à la fois éthiques et historiques) qui lui sont présentées, le spectateur est amené à reconnaître les mécanismes et les enjeux qui fondent sa propre condition, à en prendre conscience et à trouver les moyens de l'améliorer. C'est à ce niveau que nous pouvons parler de modèle éthique : le modèle qui se profile dans les textes reproduit des structures sociales qui le débordent tout à fait, et résonnent dans le contexte de réception.

Thesis (MDram (Drama))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This study focuses on Bertolt Brecht`s use of music in his epic theatre. After looking at his objectives against the background of his times, certain key aspects of his dramatic theory and practice in general are discussed e.g. its epic nature, Verfremdung, Gestus and his social engagement. This is important for an understanding of his functional use of music as an important element in his productions. Music as a sign system in drama is discussed with special reference to the genres in which music plays an essential role, viz. opera, in particular Wagner`s Gesamtkunstwerk and, most importantly, cabaret. The focus is on Brecht`s reaction against and point of connection with, each of these genres. The second part of the study focuses on the role of music in the practice of Brecht`s theatre. Naturally the specific composers with whom Brecht worked and specific productions are discussed. The relevant productions discussed are Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (1930), Die Dreigroshenoper (1931) and Mutter Courage und Ihre Kinder (1939). Brecht worked against a background of social, political and economic upheaval. His art aimed at making people aware of unjustified social circumstances and inspiring them to engage in the task of changing these circumstances. For him this entailed communicating in a fresh way with words which had lost their meaning because of ideological abuse. For this purpose he made use of music in a very specific way. He tried – not always successfully – to avoid using music as an ornamental narcotic. This implied that music was always meant to serve the intention of the text, the Gestus. Music in Brecht`s theatre was dramatic not incidental, functional not ornamental, and music not as a means of escapism, but as an inspiration. The music, like all the other elements in his theatre, had to stimulate critical thinking and had to be of social use in order for it to be considered functional. The “great struggle for supremacy between music, text and production”, to which Brecht so often referred, complicated his goal of functionality and it was no easy task to marry his dialectical ideas. This caused for certain discrepancies between his theory and practice and I will take that into consideration in this study.

El trabajo aborda el proceso creativo del actor hacia personaje. Partiendo de la problemática de que el personaje es a la vez el actor en la vida real, se realiza un seguimiento en cuanto a las herramientas actorales (como la memoria emotiva imaginada y el distanciamiento brechtiano) que ayudaron al actor a establecer límites emocionales y físicos al encarnar al personaje. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es examinar de qué manera estas herramientas ayudaron al actor a tener un mayor control emocional frente a la presencia del uso de la memoria emotiva. En tanto la finalidad de este trabajo es comprender cómo se da el proceso de desvinculación parcial de la memoria emotiva del actor para llegar al personaje, se realizan entrevistas y observaciones de campo para reconstruir el proceso creativo bajo las experiencias y práctica del actor y la directora del montaje-estreno de “Financiamiento Desaprobado” (2017). / Tesis

De quelle façon peut-on actualiser et mettre en scène une pièce de Brecht en considérant la relation aux spectateurs comme étant le point central de la démarche esthétique? Telle est notre question préalable. Cela implique de considérer le spectateur, du moins d'en intégrer une certaine conscience, dans le processus créatif qui mène à la représentation. La clarification des stratégies d'échange entre la scène et la salle a orienté nos recherches. D'abord, d'un point de vue sociologique, en prenant le parti que les spectateurs sont plus largement définis par tout ce qui est avant et après la représentation que par la centaine de minutes où ils sont assis dans la salle. Ensuite, par la voix des artisans du spectacle qui portent un regard de l'intérieur sur la relation scène-salle. Et finalement, dans une optique plus large qui englobe les deux précédents aspects et qui tient compte des modes communicationnels de notre époque et ce, en relation avec l'œuvre brechtienne. Nous soutenons ce travail de création en appuyant notre réflexion critique sur les écrits de Pierre Bourdieu et d'Emmanuel Éthis en sociologie, sur ceux de Régis Debray, Jacques Rancière et Guy Debord pour leur réflexion sur l'art, de Hans-Thies Lehmann et Jean-Pierre Sarrazac pour leurs travaux directement reliés à la pratique théâtrale et à l'art d'être spectateur et plus particulièrement à la proposition d'Yves Thoret qui, à travers la notion de spectature, définit la participation du spectateur à la représentation. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : spectateur, communication, spectature, distanciation, actualisation