An effective, viable design solution for the elevated viaduct guideway for Universal Freight Shuttle (UFS) system championed by Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) is presented. The proposed precast elevated UFS bridge system is analyzed for the operational vehicular loading as provided by TTI and a number of design alternatives for the various bridge components are provided. This includes: the design of the fully precast deck panels for long continuous spans, design of the shear connectors resisting interface shear at bridge deck-girder interface, design of structurally efficient and cost-effective trough girders and its design alternative with I-girders, and economic and long-term serviceable design of bridge piers. A literature review and study of the existing precast bridges is presented for the state-of-the-art and practice, design specifications and publications by AASHTO, State Department of Transportation and other agencies. These existing systems are refined to determine the most appropriate specification for the proposed bridge components by integrating the planning, design, fabrication and construction techniques to ensure high precision freight shuttle movement, construction feasibility, safety, life-cycle cost, durability and serviceability requirements. The design concept presented is a deviation from the conventional railways and highways design. The best practices and specifications of AASHTO and AREMA are combined suitably in this research to suit the major requirements of the project. A combination of the design philosophy with appropriate construction techniques has been blended to devise a system which is efficient for offsite manufacture of components for construction of the bridge and adaptable to the different bridge configurations. Based on the design results, it is found that precast concrete deck panels in combination with precast, prestressed concrete trough girders provides the most efficient superstructure solution for this project. The Damage Avoidance Design for the precast bridge piers along with the precast superstructure provides a system with comparable structural performance along with other benefits such as long term serviceability, economical sections, practically transportable units, modular simplicity for relocation as desired and ability to offer space for commercial usage. The steps for construction of the bridge is schematically presented and sequentially explained.

Ombord på moderna fartyg finns möjligheten att navigera med enbart ECDIS. ECDIS är beroende av många olika delsystem för att kunna fungera optimalt. Failure Mode and Effect Anylysis (FMEA) är ett verktyg med vilket man kan undersöka ett specifikt system för att upptäcka eventuella konstruktionsfel och brister i produktionsdesignen. Detta examensarbete har med hjälp av en FMEA undersökt ECDIS simulatorerna vid Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar för att ta reda på hur ECDIS påverkas när ett eller flera av delsystemen kopplade till ECDIS fallerar. Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att upptäcka konstruktionsfel, brister och begränsningar i ECDIS systemet vid simulatorerna i Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. Det kunde påvisas att ECDIS i vissa fall ej har avgett de larm som enligt tillverkaren skall varsko navigatören att ett delsystem har fallerat. Vidare har vissa funktioner i ECDIS ej fungerat enligt tillverkarens anvisningar samt att vissa simulatorfunktioner som skall kunna testa en specifik situation i en säker miljö ej har fungerat. / Modern ships have the ability to navigate with the use of ECDIS only. ECDIS is dependent on many subsystems to function optimally. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a tool with which you can examine a specific system to detect potential construction errors and deficiencies in the production design. This thesis has used a FMEA to investigate ECDIS simulators at Sjöfartshögskolan in Kalmar to examine how ECDIS was affected when one or more of the subsystems connected to ECDIS have failed. The purpose of this study was to detect design errors, deficiencies and limitations of the ECDIS simulators at Sjöfartshögskolan in Kalmar. It could be demonstrated that some of the alarms in ECDIS that should alert the navigator that a subsystem has failed not has worked according to the manufacturer´s instructions. Additionally has some features of ECDIS not operated according to the manufacturer's instructions and some simulator functions which should test a specific situation in a safe environment have not worked.

The steel bridge system referred to as Simple for Dead load and Continuous for Live load (SDCL) has gained popularity in non-seismic areas of the country. Accordingly, it results in many advantages including enhanced service life and lower inspection and maintenance costs as compared to conventional steel systems. To-date, no research studies have been carried out to evaluate the behavior of the SDCL steel bridge system in seismic areas. The main objective of this research was to extend the application of SDCL to seismic areas. The concept of the SDCL system was developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a complete summary of the research is provided in five AISC Engineering Journal papers. The SDCL system is providing steel bridges with new horizons and opportunities for developing economical bridge systems, especially in cases for which accelerating the construction process is a priority. The SDCL steel bridge system also provides an attractive alternative for use in seismic areas. The SDCL concept for seismic areas needed a suitable connection between the girder and pier. In this research, an integral SDCL bridge system was considered for further investigation. The structural behavior and force resistance mechanism of the proposed seismic detail considered through analytical study. The proposed connection evaluated under push-up, push-down, inverse and axial loading to find the sequence of failure modes. The global and local behavior of the system under push-down forces was mainly similar to non-seismic detail. The nonlinear time history analysis indicated that there is a high probability that bottom flange sustains tension forces under seismic events. The finite element model subjected to push-up forces to simulate the response of the system under the vertical component of seismic loads. However, the demand-capacity ratio was low for vertical excitation of seismic loads. Besides finite element results showed that continuity of bottom flange increased ductility and capacity of the system. While the bottom flange was not continuous, tie bars helped the system to increase the ultimate moment capacity. To model the longitudinal effect of earthquake loads, the model subjected under inverse forces as well as axial forces at one end. In this case scenario, dowel bars were most critical elements of the system. Several finite element analyses performed to investigate the role of each component of preliminary and revised detail. All the results demonstrated that continuity of the bottom flange, bolts area (in the preliminary detail), tie bars over the bottom flange (in the revised detail) were not able to provide more moment capacity for the system. The only component increased the moment capacity was dowel bars. In fact, increasing the volume ratio of dowel bars could be able to increase the moment capacity and prevent premature failure of the system. This project was Phase I of an envisioned effort that culminated in the development of a set of details and associated design provisions to develop a version of the SDCL steel bridge system, suitable for the seismic application. Phase II of this project is an ongoing project and currently the component specimen design and test setup are under consideration. The test specimen is going to be constructed and tested in the structures lab of Florida International University. A cyclic loading will be applied to the specimen to investigate the possible damages and load resistance mechanism. These results will be compared with the analysis results. In the next step, as phase III, a complete bridge with all the components will be constructed in the structures lab at the University of Nevada-Reno. The connection between steel girders will be an SDCL connection and the bridge will be subjected to a shake table test to study the real performance of the connection due to earthquake excitation.

The subject matter of this master thesis is to design pedestrian bridge across the river Nitra in a city Nitra. Out of three possible solutions arch bridge was considered to be the most optimal system for given situation and it was analysed in detail. The design and assessment of load-bearing structure was evaluated acording to valid standarts. The main goal was to comply with ultimate and serviceability limit state. Global calculation model was created in ANSYS Mechanical APDL 21 R2. Model of the slab of the deck in the cross direction was performer using SCIA Engineer 19.1. Load capacity of some cross sections was verified manually and some using computer software IDEA Statica 21.0. This thesis is extended with drawings of sequence of construction, detailed drawings of the bridge and visualizations.

A confiabilidade de um sistema de componentes depende da confiabilidade de cada componente. Assim, a estimação da função de confiabilidade de cada componente do sistema é de interesse. No entanto, esta não é uma tarefa fácil, pois quando o sistema falha, o tempo de falha de um dado componente pode não ser observado, isto é, um problema de dados censurados. Neste trabalho, propomos modelos Bayesianos paramétricos para estimação das funções de confiabilidade de componentes e sistemas em quatro diferentes cenários. Inicialmente, um modelo Weibull é proposto para estimar a distribuição do tempo de vida de um componente de interesse envolvido em sistemas coerentes não reparáveis, quando estão disponíveis o tempo de falha do sistema e o estado do componente no momento da falha do sistema. Não é imposta a suposição de que os tempos de vida dos componentes sejam identicamente distribuídos, mas a suposição de independência entre os tempos até a falha dos componentes é necessária, conforme teorema anunciado e devidamente demonstrado. Em situações com causa de falha mascarada, os estados dos componentes no momento da falha do sistema não são observados e, neste cenário, um modelo Weibull com variáveis latentes no processo de estimação é proposto. Os dois modelos anteriormente descritos propõem estimar marginalmente as funções de confiabilidade dos componentes quando não são disponíveis ou necessárias as informações dos demais componentes e, por consequência, a suposição de independência entre os tempos de vida dos componentes é necessária. Com o intuito de não impor esta suposição, o modelo Weibull multivariado de Hougaard é proposto para a estimação das funções de confiabilidade de componentes envolvidos em sistemas coerentes não reparáveis. Por fim, um modelo Weibull para a estimação da função de confiabilidade de componentes de um sistema em série reparável com causa de falha mascarada é proposto. Para cada cenário considerado, diferentes estudos de simulação são realizados para avaliar os modelos propostos, sempre comparando com a melhor solução encontrada na literatura até então, em que, em geral, os modelos propostos apresentam melhores resultados. Com o intuito de demonstrar a aplicabilidade dos modelos, análises de dados são realizadas com problemas reais não só da área de confiabilidade, mas também da área social. / The reliability of a system of components depends on reliability of each component. Thus, the initial statistical work should be the estimation of the reliability of each component of the system. This is not an easy task because when the system fails, the failure time of a given component can be not observed, that is, a problem of censored data. We propose parametric Bayesian models for reliability functions estimation of systems and components involved in four scenarios. First, a Weibull model is proposed to estimate component failure time distribution from non-repairable coherent systems when there are available the system failure time and the component status at the system failure moment. Furthermore, identically distributed failure times are not a required restriction. An important result is proved: without the assumption that components\' lifetimes are mutually independent, a given set of sub-reliability functions does not identify the corresponding marginal reliability function. In masked cause of failure situations, it is not possible to identify the statuses of the components at the moment of system failure and, in this second scenario, we propose a Bayesian Weibull model by means of latent variables in the estimation process. The two models described above propose to estimate marginally the reliability functions of the components when the information of the other components is not available or necessary and, consequently, the assumption of independence among the components\' failure times is necessary. In order to not impose this assumption, the Hougaard multivariate Weibull model is proposed for the estimation of the components\' reliability functions involved in non-repairable coherent systems. Finally, a Weibull model for the estimation of the reliability functions of components of a repairable series system with masked cause of failure is proposed. For each scenario, different simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the proposed models, always comparing then with the best solution found in the literature until then. In general, the proposed models present better results. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the models, data analysis are performed with real problems not only from the reliability area, but also from social area.

A confiabilidade de um sistema de componentes depende da confiabilidade de cada componente. Assim, a estimação da função de confiabilidade de cada componente do sistema é de interesse. No entanto, esta não é uma tarefa fácil, pois quando o sistema falha, o tempo de falha de um dado componente pode não ser observado, isto é, um problema de dados censurados. Neste trabalho, propomos modelos Bayesianos paramétricos para estimação das funções de confiabilidade de componentes e sistemas em quatro diferentes cenários. Inicialmente, um modelo Weibull é proposto para estimar a distribuição do tempo de vida de um componente de interesse envolvido em sistemas coerentes não reparáveis, quando estão disponíveis o tempo de falha do sistema e o estado do componente no momento da falha do sistema. Não é imposta a suposição de que os tempos de vida dos componentes sejam identicamente distribuídos, mas a suposição de independência entre os tempos até a falha dos componentes é necessária, conforme teorema anunciado e devidamente demonstrado. Em situações com causa de falha mascarada, os estados dos componentes no momento da falha do sistema não são observados e, neste cenário, um modelo Weibull com variáveis latentes no processo de estimação é proposto. Os dois modelos anteriormente descritos propõem estimar marginalmente as funções de confiabilidade dos componentes quando não são disponíveis ou necessárias as informações dos demais componentes e, por consequência, a suposição de independência entre os tempos de vida dos componentes é necessária. Com o intuito de não impor esta suposição, o modelo Weibull multivariado de Hougaard é proposto para a estimação das funções de confiabilidade de componentes envolvidos em sistemas coerentes não reparáveis. Por fim, um modelo Weibull para a estimação da função de confiabilidade de componentes de um sistema em série reparável com causa de falha mascarada é proposto. Para cada cenário considerado, diferentes estudos de simulação são realizados para avaliar os modelos propostos, sempre comparando com a melhor solução encontrada na literatura até então, em que, em geral, os modelos propostos apresentam melhores resultados. Com o intuito de demonstrar a aplicabilidade dos modelos, análises de dados são realizadas com problemas reais não só da área de confiabilidade, mas também da área social. / The reliability of a system of components depends on reliability of each component. Thus, the initial statistical work should be the estimation of the reliability of each component of the system. This is not an easy task because when the system fails, the failure time of a given component can be not observed, that is, a problem of censored data. We propose parametric Bayesian models for reliability functions estimation of systems and components involved in four scenarios. First, a Weibull model is proposed to estimate component failure time distribution from non-repairable coherent systems when there are available the system failure time and the component status at the system failure moment. Furthermore, identically distributed failure times are not a required restriction. An important result is proved: without the assumption that components\' lifetimes are mutually independent, a given set of sub-reliability functions does not identify the corresponding marginal reliability function. In masked cause of failure situations, it is not possible to identify the statuses of the components at the moment of system failure and, in this second scenario, we propose a Bayesian Weibull model by means of latent variables in the estimation process. The two models described above propose to estimate marginally the reliability functions of the components when the information of the other components is not available or necessary and, consequently, the assumption of independence among the components\' failure times is necessary. In order to not impose this assumption, the Hougaard multivariate Weibull model is proposed for the estimation of the components\' reliability functions involved in non-repairable coherent systems. Finally, a Weibull model for the estimation of the reliability functions of components of a repairable series system with masked cause of failure is proposed. For each scenario, different simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the proposed models, always comparing then with the best solution found in the literature until then. In general, the proposed models present better results. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the models, data analysis are performed with real problems not only from the reliability area, but also from social area.