Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2005. / Thesis directed by George Marsden for the Department of History. "September 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 468-489).

Orientador: Haroldo Gallo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_JoaoCarlosBaptista_M.pdf: 3225275 bytes, checksum: 79182a8d27e8dc24c5c32648da58de44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A tecnologia alternativa de reprodução de imagens através do sistema de impressão negativo-positivo conhecida como Cianotipia possibilita, pela própria característica química dos sais de ferro fotossensíveis da emulsão, ou seja, sensibilidade à luz ultravioleta, a impressão à luz do Sol (rica em UV) por foto-contato, como uma câmara clara, de resultados em grandes formatos através de matrizes produzidas sem a utilização de dispositivo ótico ou câmera fotográfica. Identifica-se, como processo fotográfico histórico e muito antigo, como uma técnica fotográfica, contudo fica evidenciada na Cianotipia uma interferência mais determinante do autor nos resultados obtidos, o que permitiu uma reflexão histórica dos caminhos tomados pela fotografia ¿ das formas de expressão primitivas comparadas à dos tempos atuais ¿ e a conseqüente técnica, própria dos processos artesanais de gestualidade, de interfaces, onde o corpo hibridiza a mediação entre autor e produto visual. A pesquisa objetivou problematizar as dimensões da linguagem, cor e espaço. Linguagem, porque envolve as relações dos elementos constitutivos da tecnologia de reprodução de imagens, como o processo de construção das matrizes em grandes formatos, e também o produto plástico e visual da impressão resultante. Cor, na dimensão construtiva do objeto de estudo, onde a experimentação, a materialização do produto visual à qual se chega, trata, como forma de expressão que se vale dos estímulos visuais de natureza gestual e corpórea, da conseqüência de uma teoria de reflexão analítica, dedutiva, da poética visual dos fenômenos óticos, possíveis na cianotipia. Espaço, enquanto dimensão reveladora da capacidade da cianotipia em articular várias linguagens tridimensionais a serem registradas fotograficamente, e também por constituir-se em si mesma, elemento capaz de participar na própria construção deste espaço. A construção da instalação-ambiente denominada Photosynthesis a partir de cianótipos de grande formato procura exemplificar a dimensão teórico-visual proposta na presente pesquisa / Abstract: The alternative technology of image reproduction through the negative-positive impression system known as Cyanotype allows, by the chemical characters of the iron salts which are photo sensible of emulsion, sensible to the ultraviolet light, to the impression of sun light (rich in UV) through photo-contact, like a bright chamber, with results in huge formats through the mold produced without an optic gadget or a digital camera. It is identified, as an old photograph process, like a photograph technique, however it comes up in the Cyanotype with an important interference from the author in the results obtained, which permitted to do a historical reflection of the way taken by the photography ¿ from the primitive expression compared to the current days ¿ and the consequent technique, characteristic of the craft processes of gestures, of interface, where the body hybrid the mediation between the author and the visual product. The objective of the research was make questions about language dimensions, color and space. Language, because involves the relation of constitutive elements of image reproduction technology, just as the process of construction of the molds in huge formats, as well as the plastic product and visual of impression resulting. Color, in the constructive dimension of the object studied, where the experimentation, materialization of the visual product is treated as an expression way seen from the visual stimulus of the nature of body movements (figure) and gestures, as a consequence of a theory of analytical reflection, deductive, of the poetic visual of optics phenomenon, possible in Cyanotype. Space, while a revelator dimension of the capability of Cyanotype in articulate different 3-D languages to be registered photographically, and also due to constitute itself, element capable to participate in the building of this space. The construction of the installation-atmosphere named Photosynthesis gotten from Cyanotypes in huge formats, looks for exemplify the dimension theoretical-visual proposed in the current research / Mestrado / Artes / Mestre em Artes

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Bright emitters with photoluminescence in the spectral region of 800–1600 nm are increasingly important as optical reporters for molecular imaging, sensing, and telecommunication and as active components in electrooptical and photovoltaic devices. Their rational design is directly linked to suitable methods for the characterization of their signal-relevant properties, especially their photoluminescence quantum yield (Φf ). Aiming at the development of bright semiconductor nanocrystals with emission >1000 nm, we designed a new NIR/IR integrating sphere setup for the wavelength region of 600–1600 nm. We assessed the performance of this setup by acquiring the corrected emission spectra and Φf of the organic dyes |trybe, IR140, and IR26 and several infrared (IR)-emissive Cd₁₋ₓHgₓTe and PbS semiconductor nanocrystals and comparing them to data obtained with two independently calibrated fluorescence instruments absolutely or relative to previously evaluated reference dyes. Our results highlight special challenges of photoluminescence studies in the IR ranging from solvent absorption to the lack of spectral and intensity standards together with quantum dot-specific challenges like photobrightening and photodarkening and the size-dependent air stability and photostability of differently sized oleate-capped PbS colloids. These effects can be representative of lead chalcogenides. Moreover, we redetermined the Φf of IR26, the most frequently used IR reference dye, to 1.1 × 10⁻³ in 1,2-dichloroethane DCE with a thorough sample reabsorption and solvent absorption correction. Our results indicate the need for a critical reevaluation of Φf values of IR-emissive nanomaterials and offer guidelines for improved Φf measurements.

The European Parliament Buildings Directive (EPBD) obliges Sweden to develop plans to enhance the amount of NZEB. Define what NZEB for them exactly constitutes - technical definitions and system boundaries for energy performance calculations. The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning in Sweden has received an assignment from the Swedish government to propose the definition and quantitative approach on energy requirements for NZEB. NBHBP suggest the system boundary should be the delivered (bought) energy. The delivered energy divide into two different energy form. The set system boundary to calculate the specific energy performance with the introduced weighted factor. Makes it possible to compensate the specific energy performance by using renewable energy generators on site. The risk is inefficient buildings can use renewable energy technologies on site to compensate the delivered energy to achieve the 80 kWh/m2, year (the proposed energy requirements for NZEB). This results to high energy cost along with large investments in renewable technologies on site, or the need to add fossil fuels to make up the high-energy demand. The both reference houses Circuitus and Bright Living are NZEB, per the Swedish definition proposal of NZEB from NBHBP. The most significant difference is Circuitus has better heat exchanger and building envelope than Bright Living.

Low back pain has a significant impact on global public health and economics. The bright facet sign (BFS), a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine, is associated with low back pain. While degenerative joint disease (DJD) affects low back pain, its presence appears independent of the BFS at the disc and facet joints at the same spinal level. Increased BMI, considered a risk factor for DJD, has an inverse association with the BFS. The independent relationship of DJD and the BFS is poorly understood and may represent a previously unreported pain pathway. In this nested case-control quantitative study, based on an accepted conceptual framework, 350 lumbar MRI studies on symptomatic patients with historic and anthropomorphic data related to low back pain were analyzed using Spearman's Rho and Multivariate Logistic Regression to examine any associations between the BFS at 3 spinal levels and the independent variables age, race/ethnicity, physical activity, BMI, trauma, low back pain, and DJD. The findings revealed significant associations between the BFS and the duration of pain, age, and gender at 1 or more spinal levels, the BFS and BMI and degenerative facet disease (DFD) at all 3 spinal levels, and no association between the BFS and degenerative disc disease (DDD). These results, contrary to current medical constructs where BMI, DFD, and DDD are considered predictive of low back pain, facilitate an improved understanding of joint function and contribute to the current body of knowledge related to low back pain. An understanding of the BFS as it relates to DJD and low back pain will assist clinicians with the early detection of spinal degeneration and the mitigation of pain and suffering, contributing to positive social change.

This thesis is on the estimation models for the daily global solar irradiation on a horizontal surface at the surface of the Earth. New approaches are developed and applied to 15 locations of Turkey and Germany. The main idea in developing the new models is to link the surface data to satellite imagery. Totally three new modeling approaches are developed and tested. Surface data of daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n) values derived from satellite images are the main input parameters. In the first approach, monthly coefficients of Angstr&ouml / m linear relation between daily solar irradiation and daily bright sunshine hours are used to replace the clear sky irradiance calculations of HELIOSAT model. In the second approach new correlations are obtained between daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n). Last model that is developed uses a new correlation expression between daily solar irradiation and daily data of s and n and this expression is derived using a physical consideration. The performances of the proposed models are tested against conventional methods (mainly, satellite-based HELIOSAT and ground-based linear Angstr&ouml / m-Prescott type). The results show that the use of sunshine duration together with the cloud index is quite satisfactory in the estimations of daily global solar irradiation. The accuracy of estimations of the combined models is considerably higher than the conventional approaches. Therefore, we propose to use the new approaches to estimate daily global irradiation whenever the data of bright sunshine hours is available for the location of interest or a nearby station. In addition, for a point on the earth surface, depending on the data in hand, suitable and most accurate models of estimations are proposed for that point.

In this thesis, a single image dehazing method based on modified dark channel prior and haze (fog) density detection is proposed. Dark channel prior dehazing algorithm is achieved good results for some haze images. However, we observed that haze images contain low and high haze density. Thus, the region of low haze density is unnecessary to dehaze. To solve this problem, we first defined the HSV distance, pixel-based dark channel prior and pixel-based bright channel prior to estimate the haze density. Further to enhance the dehazing performance of dark channel prior, the atmospheric light value and dehazing weighting is revised based on the HSV distance. Then the new transmission map is obtained. After that, a bilateral filter is applied to refine the transmission map, which can provide the higher accuracy of transmission map. Finally, the haze-free image is recovered by combining the input image and the refined transmission map. As a result, high-quality haze-free image can be recovered with lower computational complexity, which can be naturally extended to video dehazing.

Bright field cellular microscopy offers an image capturing method that is both non-invasive and simple to implement. However, the resulting micrographs pose challenges for image segmentation which are compounded when the subject cells are tightly clustered or overlapping. Filamentous cyanobacteria are a type of organism that grow as linearly arranged cells forming chain-like filaments. Existing methods for bright field cell segmentation perform poorly on micrographs of these bacteria, and are incapable of identifying the filaments. Existing filament tracking methods are rudimentary, and cannot reliably account for overlapping or parallel touching filaments. We propose a new approach for identifying filaments in bright field micrographs by combining information about both filaments and cells. This information is used by an evolutionary strategy to iteratively construct a continuous spline representation that tracks the medial line of the filaments. We demonstrate that overlapping and parallel touching filaments are handled appropriately in many difficult cases.

Without northern doughface Democrats, and northern states like Indiana, the South could not have held dominance in American politics during the sectional crisis. Anchoring the extreme end of the doughface North was Indiana’s slaveholding senator Jesse Bright (his holdings were in Kentucky). Yet, he was no flailing radical pushed to the margins of northern politics. Bright was the chief party boss who by the mid to late 1850s controlled the state of Indiana. He was one of the most influential leaders getting James Buchanan into the presidency. He did this, in part, because Indiana was a conservative state that disliked anti-slavery agitators. Still, most Hoosiers were not partisans in favor of slavery. Bright was able to lead Indiana politics during the 1850s because he had become a powerful political boss. American politics in the 1840s and 1850s was built around state level organizations. With elections going through constant and irregular cycles, hopeful candidates needed a strong organization capable of providing money, press literature and mobilization of voters. They needed someone with grit, savvy and energy to organize various groups, and no one was more successful at this in Indiana than Bright. Bright did this, in part, by understanding the baser motives of men, and more importantly, could satisfy these wants with graft, bribery, patronage and other inducements. If that was not enough to motivation, he used fear, bullying and good old fashioned steam rolling tactics to bludgeon his enemies into submission. Bright’s extreme doughface attitudes did not make him popular, but his organizing skills made him a powerful leader. He helped prop the slave-power in American politics through the 1850s, but his efforts also alienated a wide swath of northerners, especially in Indiana. By 1860, a northern Republican Party took control of American politics, as northerners came to reject the slave-masters and the slave-power. This dissertation argues that Bright played a pivotal role in propping the slave-power. But ultimately Bright’s political downfall was part of a larger rejection of southern politics.