Thesis (doctoral)--University of London, 1998. / BLDSC reference no.: DX202539.

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2006.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. Communication, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 71 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-67).

Submitted by Henrique Miguel Cunha null (henriquemcunha@msn.com) on 2016-09-09T01:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Miguel Cunha.pdf: 6274612 bytes, checksum: d69abd398495bac1a4aaaefbeae180ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-12T21:34:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cunha_hm_me_ilha.pdf: 6274612 bytes, checksum: d69abd398495bac1a4aaaefbeae180ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T21:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cunha_hm_me_ilha.pdf: 6274612 bytes, checksum: d69abd398495bac1a4aaaefbeae180ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aplicação do Arame Tubular E309L, nos processos de fabricação, apresenta grandes vantagens entre os consumíveis. Além de proporcionar propriedades mecânicas favoráveis à união por soldagem, esse consumível pode ser utilizado em aços carbono, aços inoxidáveis e dissimilares. Por essas razões, constantemente encontramos esse arame especificado nos procedimentos de soldagem nos setores fabris. Esse arame é também o mais utilizado na fabricação das novas turbinas de usinas hidrelétricas, como é o caso das turbinas Francis que estão sendo instaladas na Usina de Belo Monte localizado no rio Xingu em Altamira/PA. Este trabalho visou caracterizar o aço inoxidável Martensítico ASTM A743 CA6NM utilizado nas pás das turbinas hidráulicas, o aço inoxidável austenítico SA 316 e aço carbono A-36, ambos utilizados em equipamentos fabris em geral. Dessa forma, analisou-se o comportamento desses diferentes metais de base quando submetidos ao processo de união por soldagem utilizando o Arame Tubular E309L e proteção gasosa com a mistura C-25 (25% CO2 + 75% Argônio). Utilizou-se chapas dissimilares (Aço Carbono e Aço Inoxidável Austenítico) com 10 mm de espessura e chapas de aços inoxidáveis martensíticos com espessura de 6 mm, chanfros em “V”, ângulo de bisel de 30o, nariz e abertura de raiz de 3,0 mm. Foram estudados tanto o metal de solda quanto a zona termicamente afetada através de análises metalográficas, ensaios de tração, ensaios de impacto charpy e ensaios de dureza Vickers, nos quais foram possíveis verificar que a utilização do arame E309L T1-1 nas condições citadas foram satisfatórias, apresentando cordão de solda e ZTA com elevada resistência à tração, presença de microconstituintes como Bainita e ferrita delta, promovendo a ocorrência de elevada tenacidade nessas regiões. / Application of Shield Bright E309L in manufacturing processes, has high advantages among consumables. Besides providing mechanical properties favorable to joining by welding, the consumable can be used in carbon steels, stainless steels and dissimilar steels. For these reasons, constantly we find the E309L specified in the welding procedures used in industry today. This Shield Bright is also the most used in the manufacture of new turbines of hydroelectric power plants, as is the case of Francis turbine being installed in the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River located in Altamira / PA - Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the martensitic stainless steel ASTM A743 CA6NM used in the blades of hydraulic turbines, the austenitic stainless steel SA 316 and carbon steel A-36, both used in industrial equipment in general. Thus, we analyzed the behavior of these different base metals when subjected to the joining process by welding using the Shield Bright E309L and using a shielding gas of C-25 mixture (25% CO2 + 75% Argon). It was used dissimilar plates (carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel) with 10 mm steel thickness and martensitic stainless plates with a thickness of 6 mm, bevel groove “V” with angle of 30°, root face and root gap of 3,0 mm. We analyzed all regions of the metal plate through metallographic analysis, tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and Vickers hardness tests, in which they were possible to verify that the use of the Shield Bright E309L were satisfactory in the regions, featuring high tensile strength, presence of microconstituents (bainite and ferrite delta), providing high tenacity in these regions.

Orientador: Vicente Afonso Ventrella / Resumo: A aplicação do Arame Tubular E309L, nos processos de fabricação, apresenta grandes vantagens entre os consumíveis. Além de proporcionar propriedades mecânicas favoráveis à união por soldagem, esse consumível pode ser utilizado em aços carbono, aços inoxidáveis e dissimilares. Por essas razões, constantemente encontramos esse arame especificado nos procedimentos de soldagem nos setores fabris. Esse arame é também o mais utilizado na fabricação das novas turbinas de usinas hidrelétricas, como é o caso das turbinas Francis que estão sendo instaladas na Usina de Belo Monte localizado no rio Xingu em Altamira/PA. Este trabalho visou caracterizar o aço inoxidável Martensítico ASTM A743 CA6NM utilizado nas pás das turbinas hidráulicas, o aço inoxidável austenítico SA 316 e aço carbono A-36, ambos utilizados em equipamentos fabris em geral. Dessa forma, analisou-se o comportamento desses diferentes metais de base quando submetidos ao processo de união por soldagem utilizando o Arame Tubular E309L e proteção gasosa com a mistura C-25 (25% CO2 + 75% Argônio). Utilizou-se chapas dissimilares (Aço Carbono e Aço Inoxidável Austenítico) com 10 mm de espessura e chapas de aços inoxidáveis martensíticos com espessura de 6 mm, chanfros em “V”, ângulo de bisel de 30o, nariz e abertura de raiz de 3,0 mm. Foram estudados tanto o metal de solda quanto a zona termicamente afetada através de análises metalográficas, ensaios de tração, ensaios de impacto charpy e ensaios de dureza Vickers, nos quais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Application of Shield Bright E309L in manufacturing processes, has high advantages among consumables. Besides providing mechanical properties favorable to joining by welding, the consumable can be used in carbon steels, stainless steels and dissimilar steels. For these reasons, constantly we find the E309L specified in the welding procedures used in industry today. This Shield Bright is also the most used in the manufacture of new turbines of hydroelectric power plants, as is the case of Francis turbine being installed in the Belo Monte Dam on the Xingu River located in Altamira / PA - Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the martensitic stainless steel ASTM A743 CA6NM used in the blades of hydraulic turbines, the austenitic stainless steel SA 316 and carbon steel A-36, both used in industrial equipment in general. Thus, we analyzed the behavior of these different base metals when subjected to the joining process by welding using the Shield Bright E309L and using a shielding gas of C-25 mixture (25% CO2 + 75% Argon). It was used dissimilar plates (carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel) with 10 mm steel thickness and martensitic stainless plates with a thickness of 6 mm, bevel groove “V” with angle of 30°, root face and root gap of 3,0 mm. We analyzed all regions of the metal plate through metallographic analysis, tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and Vickers hardness tests, in which they were possible to verify that the use of the Shield Bright E309L were satisfact... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Estudos em animais experimentais evidenciaram associações significativas entre esquistossomose mansoni e hipercolesterolemia. Estudos in vitro e in vivo já demonstraram que o colesterol é essencial para Schistosoma mansoni, embora este não tenha capacidade de sintetizá-lo. A captação é realizada a partir do ambiente (cultivo ou hospedeiro) através do tegumento. O colesterol está envolvido nos mecanismos de evasão do helminto contra a resposta imunológica, além de poder participar na modulação da sinalização celular e reprodução, estimulando os órgãos reprodutores dos helmintos adultos como observado na fase aguda da infecção experimental. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar se o mesmo fenômeno ocorre na fase crônica. Os helmintos foram recuperados de dez camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica ou padrão (controle) foram corados pelo carmin cloridrico e montados, individualmente, em lâmina histológica com bálsamo do Canadá. A preparação foi analisada por microscopia de campo claro nos seguintes caracteres: tegumento e o sistema reprodutor nos vermes machos (lobos testiculares, vesícula seminal, lobos testiculares supranumerários e canal ginecóforo) e, nas fêmeas (ovário, oótipo, útero, ovo, glândulas vitelínicas e espermateca). Posteriormente, algumas lâminas foram separadas para visualização pela microscopia confocal dos órgãos do sistema reprodutores acima descritos. Apesar de ter sido observado uma maior quantidade de espermatozoides, uma maior quantidade de oócitos sendo liberados no grupo da dieta, não houve diferença estatística significativa (p>0,05) entre os grupos analisados. Houve um aumento na oogênese como observado na fase aguda. Dessa forma, o colesterol pode estar relacionado com a estimulação na atividade dos órgãos reprodutores dos helmintos adultos na fase crônica da infecção. / Studies in experimental animals showed significant associations between with schistosomiasis and hypercholesterolemia. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that cholesterol is essential for Schistosoma mansoni, although this is not able to synthesize it. The capture is carried out from the environment (cultivation or host) through the tegument. The capture is carried out from the middle (cultivation or host) through the tegument. Cholesterol is involved in the helminth evasion mechanisms against the immune response, and can participate in the modulation of cell signaling and reproduction of worms by stimulating the reproductive organs of adult worms as observed in the acute phase of experimental infection. This study aims to evaluate whether the same phenomenon occurs in the chronic phase. Helminthes recovered from ten mice subjected to high fat diet or standard (control) were stained with hydrochloric carmine and mounted individually on histological slide with Canada balsam. The preparation was analyzed by bright field microscopy the following characteristics: oral sucker and ventral sucker, tubercles on tegument and the reproductive system in male worms (lobes testicular, seminal vesicles, supernumerary testicular lobes and gynaecophoric canal), and in females (ovary, ootype, uterus, egg, vitelline glands and spermatheca). Subsequently, some slides were separated for confocal microscopy for visualization of the organs of the reproductive system described above. Despite having been observed a higher amount of sperm, a larger number of oocytes are released in the diet group, there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the groups. There was an increase in oogenesis as observed in the acute phase. Thus, cholesterol may be related to the stimulation of the activity of the reproductive organs of adult helminths in the chronic phase of infection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Juliana Lacerda Dissertacao.pdf: 580972 bytes, checksum: afedaefa404680a1d528d495b7558c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-26 / The objective of this study was to verify the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of Japanese quail eggs artificially contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium, sanitized and stored at different temperatures (between 5 and 25 ºC) for 27 days. We used 768 eggs with opaque shells (Experiment 1) and bright shells (Experiment 2) with typical pigments of the species and average weight of 11 g. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (contamination x sanitation x cooling) with six replications, with one egg per experimental unit. The eggs were contaminated by handling with 1.5 x 105 colony forming unit (CFU) of Salmonella Typhimurium / mL and according to the treatments, sanitized with 5ppm Cl a solution, and stored at 5 or 25 ° C. The physical (egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, yolk, albumen and shell ratio, Haugh unit, yolk albumen index), chemical (pH of yolk and albumen) and bacteriological (bacterial count in eggshell and egg content) qualities were analyzed. Results of Experiment 1 showed a inear regression of sorage time (P <0.05) of storage time (up to 27 days) worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen and yolk index and albumen ratio. A quadratic effect (p <0.05) of storage time worsening the pH of albumen and Haugh units. There was an interaction for the yolk pH variable between sanitation and refrigeration (p <0.05) after 27 days, while those for non refrigerated eggs the best result was for sanitized eggs, showing the importance of sanitization. In Experiment 2 (eggs with bright shells) there was a linear effect (P <0.05) of storage time (27 days), worsening the variables of egg weight, albumen ratio and Haugh units and quadratic effects (p <0.05) worsening albumen index and pH. These results indicate that eggs with opaque or bright, had a poorer quality with increasing internal storage time, especially at 25 ° C. Quail eggs with opaque or bright shell, stored up to 27 days, should be sanitized (5 ppm of chlorine) and cooled to 5 ° C during storage to maintain physical and chemical qualities, regardless of bacterial contamination. The sanitization (5 ppm Cl) and cooling (5 º C) are effective in reducing the growth of Salmonella in experimentally infected quail eggs. / Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a qualidade física, química e microbiológica de ovos de codornas japonesas contaminados artificialmente com Salmonella Typhimurium, sanitizados e armazenados a diferentes temperaturas (5 e 25 ºC) durante 27 dias. Foram utilizados 768 ovos com cascas opacas (Experimento 1) e brilhantes (Experimento 2) com pigmentos típicos da espécie e com peso médio de 11 g. O delineamento empregado foi inteiramente casualisados com esquema fatorial 2x2x2 (contaminação x sanitização x refrigeração) com seis repetições, sendo um ovo a unidade experimental. Os ovos foram contaminados pelo manuseio com 1,5 x 105 unidade formadoras de colônias (UFCs) de Salmonella Typhimurium/mL e de acordo com os tratamentos foram sanitizados com solução com 5ppm de Cl e armazenados a 5 ou 25 ºC. Foi analisada a qualidade física (peso do ovo, gravidade específica, espessura de casca, percentagem de gema, albume e casca, unidade Haugh, índices de gema e albume), química (pH de gema e albume) e bacteriológica (contagem de bactérias na casca e no conteúdo do ovo). Os resultados de peso do ovo, uH, índice de gema e de albume e pH de gema e de albume, quando contaminados experimentalmente com Salmonella Typhimurium prejudicou a qualidade física do ovo a partir de 18 dias de armazenamento. Com relação a qualidade bacteriológica do ovo, a sanitização com 5 ppm de Cl pode ser uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo para reduzir a possibilidade de contaminação por Salmonella em ovos de codornas. Pode-se afirmar, que o tempo de estocagem dos ovos e a temperatura de armazenamento influenciaram a qualidade interna dos ovos de codornas em todas as variáveis estudadas. Esses resultados indicam que ovos com cascas opacas ou brilhantes, apresentaram pior qualidade interna com o aumento do tempo de armazenamento, principalmente na temperatura de 25 ºC. Ovos de codornas com casca opaca ou brilhante, armazenados até 27 dias, devem ser sanitizados ( 5 ppm de cloro) e refrigerados a 5 ºC durante a estocagem para manter a qualidade física e química, independentemente da contaminação por bactérias. A sanitização (5 ppm de Cl) e a refrigeração (temperatura de 5 ºC) são eficientes na redução do crescimento da Salmonella em ovos de codornas contaminados experimentalmente.

Injection moulding using the process of Shear Controlled Orientation Injection Moulding (SCORIM) to enhance the aesthetic characteristics of plastics was investigated. Unsightly surface weld lines were successfully removed from highly reflective aluminium flake pigmented plastics by the application of a single macroscopic SCORIM shear when used in series with Bright Surface Moulding (BSM). A gonio spectrophotometer (GSP) was used for the quantitative characterisation of the Al flake pigmented mouldings as a measure of surface reflectivity and preferred angle of reflection. The different directional properties of surface reflectivities to either side of a conventional weld line are unacceptable, but were successfully reoriented approximately uniformly with the use of SCORIM and BSM moulding (i. e. SBM) used in series. SBM therefore provided an acceptable quality of surface finish for mouldings originally containing a weld line, without deterioration of mechanical properties. Indeed, some improvements in mechanical properties were observed. Translucent two-colour mouldings were used to successfully demonstrate the flow paths taken by sheared material during the application of macroscopic shears. The use of intermittent shearing to encapsulate shear oriented material in the solidifying layers, manifested original and profound aesthetic effects. This resulted from mixing the two colours and was reproducible and widely variable. The morphology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) processed in this way and examined by light and electron microscopy revealed how only one or two intermittent shears were required to orient a large volume of the moulding in the shear direction. Moreover, U-shaped flow paths demonstrated that the easiest shear route was close to the mouldings edges, an observation supported by x-ray analysis. The addition of Al flake pigment was found to act as a heterogeneous nucleant for ß-spherulites. This acted as a suitable marker for the clear identification of the displaced weld interface using polarised light microscopy, of filled and unfilled iPP. y-phase was identified with the use of only one or two intermittent shears which reflects an increase in molecular alignment and consequent improved mechanical properties. The intensity of the y-phase increased with the volume of material sheared. Strong evidence was also obtained of a linear relationship between the logarithm of the time lapse between two intermittent shears and the corresponding values of a-phase index, crystallinity index and percentage crystallinity. The values of each increasing proportionally with the length of time used. Microhardness characterisation revealed anisotropy within SCORIM samples consistent with preferred orientation and increased modulus in the shear direction. The skin layers were characterised as the softest region through the thickness of SCORIM mouldings. The results of this work were used to provide the basis of a computer simulation of the SCORIM process under development at the University of Wales Swansea.

Understanding biology paves the way for discovering drugs targeting deadly diseases like cancer, and microscopy imaging is one of the most informative ways to study biology. However, analysis of large numbers of samples is often required to draw statistically verifiable conclusions. Automated approaches for analysis of microscopy image data makes it possible to handle large data sets, and at the same time reduce the risk of bias. Quantitative microscopy refers to computational methods for extracting measurements from microscopy images, enabling detection and comparison of subtle changes in morphology or behavior induced by varying experimental conditions. This thesis covers computational methods for segmentation and classification of biological samples imaged by microscopy. Recent increase in computational power has enabled the development of deep neural networks (DNNs) that perform well in solving real world problems. This thesis compares classical image analysis algorithms for segmentation of bacteria cells and introduces a novel method that combines classical image analysis and DNNs for improved cell segmentation and detection of rare phenotypes. This thesis also demonstrates a novel DNN for segmentation of clusters of cells (spheroid), with varying sizes, shapes and textures imaged by phase contrast microscopy. DNNs typically require large amounts of training data. This problem is addressed by proposing an automated approach for creating ground truths by utilizing multiple imaging modalities and classical image analysis. The resulting DNNs are applied to segment unstained cells from bright field microscopy images. In DNNs, it is often difficult to understand what image features have the largest influence on the final classification results. This is addressed in an experiment where DNNs are applied to classify zebrafish embryos based on phenotypic changes induced by drug treatment. The response of the trained DNN is tested by ablation studies, which revealed that the networks do not necessarily learn the features most obvious at visual examination. Finally, DNNs are explored for classification of cervical and oral cell samples collected for cancer screening. Initial results show that the DNNs can respond to very subtle malignancy associated changes. All the presented methods are developed using open-source tools and validated on real microscopy images.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / An accurate prediction of pore pressure is an essential in reducing the risk involved in a well or field life cycle. This has formed an integral part of routine work for exploration, development and exploitation team in the oil and gas industries. Several factors such as sediment compaction, overburden, lithology characteristic, hydrocarbon pressure and capillary entry pressure contribute significantly to the cause of overpressure. Hence, understanding the dynamics associated with the above factors will certainly reduce the risk involved in drilling and production. This study examined three deep water drilled wells GA-W1, GA-N1, and GA-AA1 of lower cretaceous Hauterivian to early Aptian age between 112 to 117.5 (MA) Southern Pletmos sub-basin, Bredasdorp basin offshore South Africa. The study aimed to determine the pore pressure prediction of the reservoir formation of the wells. Eaton’s resistivity and Sonic method are adopted using depth dependent normal compaction trendline (NCT) has been carried out for this study. The variation of the overburden gradient (OBG), the Effective stress, Fracture gradient (FG), Fracture pressure (FP), Pore pressure gradient (PPG) and the predicted pore pressure (PPP) have been studied for the selected wells. The overburden changes slightly as follow: 2.09g/cm3, 2.23g/cm3 and 2.24g/cm3 across the selected intervals depth of wells. The predicted pore pressure calculated for the intervals depth of selected wells GA-W1, GA-N1 and GA-AA1 also varies slightly down the depths as follow: 3,405 psi, 4,110 psi, 5,062 psi respectively. The overpressure zone and normal pressure zone were encountered in well GA-W1, while a normal pressure zone was experienced in both well GA-N1 and GA-AA1. In addition, the direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) was carried out by method of post-stack amplitude analysis seismic reflectors surface which was used to determine the hydrocarbon prospect zone of the wells from the seismic section. It majorly indicate the zones of thick hydrocarbon sand from the amplitude extraction grid map horizon reflectors at 13AT1 & 8AT1 and 8AT1 & 1AT1 of the well GA-W1, GA-N1 and GA-AA1 respectively. These are suggested to be the hydrocarbon prospect locations (wet-gas to Oil prone source) on the seismic section with fault trending along the horizons. No bright spot, flat spot and dim spot was observed except for some related pitfalls anomalies