Surrogacy - abstract This master thesis deals with the phenomenon of surrogate motherhood (surrogacy) and analyses it from the point of view of Czech and British law, especially the Private law. Its main objective is to approximate to the answer to the question whether surrogacy should be entrenched in Czech law and, if so, what should the main features of such legal regulation be. In order to achieve this aim, it, firstly, focuses on the currently valid and effective Czech legislation. It is a well-known fact that, apart from the provision of § 804 of the Czech Civil Code, Czech law does not provide for surrogacy, at all. Surrogacy is, therefore, only partially regulated in some of its aspects, namely assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and adoption. Since the United Kingdom is often mentioned as one of the possible sources of inspiration for the future Czech legal regulation of surrogacy, British law concerning this phenomenon is considered in the following part of this thesis - especially in the light of the extensive case law. In particular, issues such as surrogacy arrangements, assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and transfer of legal parenthood (that is adoption and parental orders) are analysed. These are then subjected to critical assessment. In its last chapter, the thesis returns to the...

The issue of citizenship deprivation has become an increasingly relevant topic in the struggle against terrorism. It is related to different conceptions of citizenship as well as the question of what is at stake in the process of depriving individuals of it. In the United Kingdom three acts have been passed in the 21st century so far that has reduced the requirements needed for the to deprive individuals of their citizenship and also to render individuals stateless. This thesis systematises the arguments made in the academic and political debates related to these acts and evaluates their legitimacy in relation to different normative standpoints. The main conclusion regards a logical inconsistency in the differentiation of two types of British citizenship, one where individuals have naturalised, the other where they are native born Britons, the latter may not under British law be rendered stateless while the former can be, although both have the status of citizen, which becomes problematic in terms of equality before the law and equal rights.

Ce travail s’attache à étudier le droit des artistes interprètes à la protection de leur travail à l’ère numérique. La première partie de ce travail s’intéresse à la théorie des droits d’auteur, l’histoire des droits moraux, et à l’application de la théorie des droits moraux aux procès qui impliquent les artistes interprètes aux Etats-Unis, au Royaume-Uni, et en France. De plus, ce travail présente le droit international en la matière, y compris la Convention de Berne et le Traite de Beijing. La deuxième partie de ce travail examine l’histoire de l’industrie du cinéma. Plus spécifiquement, il se concentre sur l’histoire de l’industrie du cinéma aux Etats-Unis, au Royaume-Uni et en France, en observant comment les progrès des technologies cinématographiques ont affecté les droits des acteurs de cinéma dans le domaine du droit national et international. La troisième partie de ce travail propose un Protocole au Traité de Beijing afin que créer un mécanisme pour diminuer les obstacles à l'accès à la justice qui empêchent les artistes interprètes de faire valoir leurs droits. La thèse se termine par uneréflexion sur les leçons qui peuvent être tirées de l'histoire et des pratiques actuelles des États-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et de la France en ce qui concerne les droits moraux des artistes interprètes, en recommandant que les trois pays fournissent à l'avenir des protections plus significatives aux artistes interprètes. / This work provides a broad study of the right of performing artists to protect their performances in the Internet era. The first part of this work explores the theoretical foundation of copyright law, the history of moral rights, and the application of the theory of moral rights to cases affecting performing artists in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. In addition, this work discusses relevant international law, including the Berne Convention and the Beijing Treaty. The second part of this work addresses the history of the movie industry. More specifically, it concentrates on the history of the film industry in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, observing how technological progress in filmmaking techniques have affected the rights of movie actors under both national and international law. The third part of this work proposes a Protocol to the Beijing Treaty that would create a mechanism to lower the barriers to justice that currently prevent performing artists from vindicating their rights. This work concludes with a reflection on the lessons that can be drawn from both the history and the current practices of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France with respect to the moral rights of performing artists, recommending that the three countries provide more significant protections to performing artists going forward.