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No / It is the first part of a tutorial which aims to provide an introduction to the current state-of-the art of Digital Video Broadcasting standards over satellite and its fusion with mobile and Internet technologies. It provides an overview of the different technologies and issues that facilitates better understanding of the current and future operational scenarios, focusing on the available DVB and IP technologies.

[pt] A descentralização é vista como uma das possíveis formas de melhorar a provisão do serviço público. Todavia, os resultados de uma descentralização dependem do contexto local e da forma de implementação. Esta pesquisa investiga um programa que promove a autonomia escolar no Brasil. O Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola recursos a serem administrados pela escola tendo em vista a melhoria da infraestrutura escolar e o aumento da participação da comunidade na escola. Os recursos são administrados pelo conselho escolar constituído por membros da comunidade. Considerando regras não-lineares deste programa, explora-se dois diferentes aspectos deste programa em duas amostras diferentes de escolas. A principal contribuição deste estudo é separar o efeito de introduzir o conselho escolar na administração dos recursos do efeito de mais recursos. Esta análise é realizada para escolas pequenas em ambiente rural. Os resultados apontam que a administração dos recursos pelo conselho escolar melhora a infraestrutura da escola e também eleva o desempenho escolar. Também explora-se como o contexto local afeta este resultado. Apesar da melhoria em infraestrutura ser generalizada entre as escolas, o aumento do desempenho dos alunos só ocorreu em escolas localizadas em comunidades mais escolarizadas. A outra contribuição relevante desta pesquisa é a investigação do efeito de mais recursos em escolas urbanas. Os resultados sugerem que o aumento de recursos administrados pelo conselho escolar não elevam a participação dos pais na escola. Todavia, estes recursos extras contribuem para uma melhoria dos equipamentos existentes na escola. Tais recursos são investidos mais em equipamentos do que em infraestrutura física. Também o contexto local afeta este resultado. Quanto maior a educação da mãe e o engajamento prévio da comunidade, maiores são as melhorias que beneficiam diretamente o aluno. / [en] Decentralization to lower levels of government is considered to improve public service provision. Nonetheless, decentralization outcomes are context and design dependent. This research investigates a school decentralization program that devolves authority to the school level in Brazil. The Direct Cash to School Program transfers cash direct to school management in order to improve school infrastructure and to increase community participation at school. The autonomous budget is managed by a school council constituted with community members. Considering non-linear rules in the Direct Cash to School Program, we explore two different aspects of this program within different school samples. Our main contribution is to disentangle the effects of having a school council to manage autonomous resources from the effects of additional funding. This analysis is essentially limited to small rural schools and our findings indicate that school council resource management improve school infrastructure and slightly enhance student performance. We also explore how local community educational level affects this result. Although infrastructure upgrading was generalized, investments directly benefiting students and improvement on student performance were restricted to schools with more educated community. The other relevant contribution is the investigation of whether additional locally managed resources improve school quality in an urban setting. Our findings suggest that increasing the resources under school council control do not increase overall parent participation at school. We also obtained that additional resources improve school equipment quality instead of physical infrastructure. In addition, we also consider how different local characteristics affect these outcomes. The higher the mothers education and the higher the community engagement at school, the greater the investment that directly benefit the students.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the current state of Gamtel less competitive nature in the telecom industry and therefore use its competitive advantage and core competencies to pursue and endeavour to invest on internet service provision mainly on broadband. With high expectations from the launching of the ACE, Africa coast to Europe submarine cable, the plan is to take the opportunity brought by this Landing station to significantly expand on its current broadband technology provision, which is DSL (digital subscriber line), CDMA 3G wireless broadband connection and Leased line connection. The growth in the sector is still encouraging between 8 to 10% and Gamtel is foreseeing to increase its already existing leadership in terms of market share on the internet segment or ISP internet service provider market. There is a high capital investment required for this project but funding could be obtain from banks and even state own corporation at better rates and also self-funding of over GMD 90 million. The cash flow projections had shown a positive net present value (NPV) thus; indicating that this plan will is viable. With the three product categories, it is assume that the DSL and the CDMA 3G wireless broadband could be the cash cows whiles the leased lines connection for broadband which used to bring the biggest revenue in the data category will likely be going down, an impact the ACE project will brought along as the biggest customers from this service were the private ISP who now can connect direct to the ACE cable. As the implementation of the ACE goes on prices are expected to further fall as bandwidth becomes cheaper and cheaper and volume or high quantity purchase of bandwidth starts to emerge thus economics of scale.

Under the four forces of opening up of domestic telecommunication market, breakthroughs in information and communication technology, changes in consumer demand, and supplier¡¦s race for economic efficiency, industry structures have transformed. What used to be three distinct industries of divergent directions of development ¡V network service (computers), telecommunication (telephones) and cable television (television), are interacting. The market is growing rapidly with combined digital flow of the three industries. Broadband internet played a key role in such transformation. ADSL broadband internet service has prospered in recent years. As the internet population approach maturity, the market has changed focus from quantity to quality. There are two major challenges to fixed network internet service providers are: To increase market share by attracting more customers to its service base, and retain customers to minimize loss of customers. Telecommunication service providers attract new customers by offering special prices with gifts, they retain customers by elevating switching cost and long term contracts. But the result of price-cutting competition was erosion of profit margin. Customer loyalty is also swayed by low prices met by competitors. Under such intense competitive environment, service providers are actively developing digital content and making investment in fiber optic broadband to mitigate loss. It is hoped that richer internet content and faster speed broadband can attract more customers and increase customer revenue contribution. The subject of this study are ADSL broadband internet users in the greater Kaohsiung area, the regions surveyed include Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The survey was conducted on a convenient sample. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The influence of customer¡¦s expected future benefits, overall customer satisfaction and marketing strategies on customer retention were investigated. Furthermore, the interaction effects were also reviewed. The results of the study are: I.The most important factor in influencing customer retention is overall customer satisfaction, followed by marketing strategy and customer¡¦s expected future use. Further results are derived from analysis: 1.Overall customer satisfaction, customer¡¦s expected future use and marketing strategy showed significant positive influence on customer retention. 2.The influence of overall customer satisfaction, customer¡¦s expected future use and marketing strategy on customer retention vary in strength. 3.Marketing strategy showed significant positive influence on overall customer satisfaction and customer¡¦s expected future use. 4.With respect to the degree of influence on customer retention, overall customer satisfaction showed greater influence than marketing strategy and customer¡¦s expected future use. II.Customers exhibit high expectations for future use¡C Telecommunication service provider satisfying the following ¡§customer¡¦s expected future use¡¨ will significantly enhance customer retention. 1.Provide value-adding services. 2.Provide more value-adding application content. 3.Offer better prices. 4.Exchange fiber optic with ADSL in the future at free of charge

Telecommunications policy debates concerning the contentious issue of net neutrality have revolved around a number of broadband network operator behaviors, including discriminatory traffic management – differential treatment of network traffic associated with different Internet applications for the purpose of managing performance. Some stakeholders have advocated for regulatory intervention to prevent network operators from discriminating to the detriment of independent application innovation. Others would prefer to rely on competition between network operators to discipline operator behavior. Fixed-line broadband markets in the United Kingdom and the United States have differed substantially with respect to discrimination, competition, and regulation. The UK has experienced intense competition and pervasive discriminatory traffic management without triggering regulatory activity. The US has seen much less discrimination, limited competition, and regulatory threat followed by regulatory intervention. This thesis uses elite interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis in a comparative study of these two cases between the mid-2000s and 2011 to determine why network operators take up discriminatory traffic management (or not) and how competition and the regulatory environment affect traffic management outcomes. This thesis demonstrates that network operators take up discriminatory traffic management primarily to control cost, performance, or both. Competition promotes rather than deters discrimination because it drives broadband prices down, encouraging operators to manage high-volume applications whose traffic incurs high costs. Regulatory threat can be sufficient to counteract these desires, but in its absence and without concerns vocalized by interest groups, discriminatory approaches endure. Telecommunications regulators intervene to safeguard nondiscrimination when they conceive of their remits as encompassing social and industrial policymaking, are ambivalent about litigation risk, and are driven by their leaders’ reputational agendas, as in the case of the Federal Communications Commission. With a narrower perception of its remit and more concern for its organizational reputation, Ofcom exemplifies the characteristics that inhibit traffic management regulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS SALDANHA.pdf: 2117803 bytes, checksum: 2021a031c03613d9b6c2df0e8e8aba68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-28 / Digital Inclusion is currently a concerning subject especially in those urgent countries. In Brazil there have been various initiatives and experiences regarding this subject, both from government parts (Federal, State and Urban) and through Non-Profitable Organizations and private companies. The approach to low-cost Broadband Internet has been one of the main barriers to the effectiveness on these initiatives. The goal of this current work is to find new concepts and connection management and voice services, data and video (triple play) in a unique wireless connection focusing on digital inclusion. The used wireless technology is the World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), whose frequency is of 5,8 GHZ, which permission is not required for its usage along with National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL) and to the access point, the wireless fidelity technology (Wifi). Some main convergent WiMAX technology characteristics are described in this work with new Triple Play services to hold a multipoint-point enlacement, causing an establishment to link a case study between the School and PUC-Campinas in order to investigate the performance and application factors. The results on the efficiency of metropolitan wireless network (WMAN) as well as the Triple Play services were profitable, defining a new method on prediction of coverage area and user s quantity. / Inclus?o Digital ? hoje um tema de muita preocupa??o, principalmente nos pa?ses denominados emergentes. No Brasil existem diversas iniciativas e experi?ncias relativas a esse assunto, tanto por parte dos governos (Federal, Estadual e Municipal), como tamb?m por parte de ONG s e empresas privadas. O acesso ? Internet Banda Larga a baixo custo tem sido uma das principais barreiras para a efetiva??o dessas iniciativas. O prop?sito do presente trabalho ? definir novos conceitos e par?metros de conex?o e servi?os de voz, dados e v?deo (triple play) em uma ?nica conex?o sem fio com foco na inclus?o digital. A tecnologia de conex?o sem fio (wireless) utilizada ? o World Interoperability for Microwave Acess (WiMAX), de freq??ncia 5.8 GHz, que n?o requer licenciamento para a sua utiliza??o junto a Ag?ncia Nacional de Telecomunica??es (ANATEL) e para o ponto de acesso, a tecnologia wireless fidelity (WiFi). Neste trabalho est?o descritas as principais caracter?sticas da tecnologia WiMAX convergentes, com os novos servi?os Triple Play para a realiza??o de um enlace ponto-multiponto, estabelecendo-se um link para estudo de caso entre a Escola e a PUC-Campinas, para a investiga??o dos fatores de desempenho e aplica??es. Os resultados de efici?ncia da rede sem fio metropolitana (WMAN) com os servi?os Triple Play foram satisfat?rios, definindo-se um novo m?todo de predi??o da ?rea de cobertura e do n?mero de usu?rios.

New digital distribution and value capture models have emerged on the global music industry scene in the last ten years. These models are highly dependent on a strong underlying communications and broadband internet infrastructure which is largely present in most developed markets. South Africa, however, is a developing country whose broadband infrastructure is still nascent and not as widely available or accessible. Due to the permeation of mobile technology, most broadband internet access is likely to occur through the mobile networks in most developing markets. This stands in stark contrast to developed markets where broadband internet access occurs primarily via fixed line infrastructure with mobile as a secondary option.This research set out to investigate whether digital value distribution and value capture models which succeeded in developed countries would be suitable for the South African music industry given the broadband infrastructure constraints and the different internet access methodologies prevalent in this developing market. This research employed an exploratory research methodology in order to investigate this question and found that a mixture of value distribution and value capture models would address the entire market requirement, with mobile-centric digital distribution models being most suitable for mass market deployment. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-01T20:08:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Danilo Costa Bertoloto.pdf: 8430681 bytes, checksum: 18a9ced8f731a2447eed45c8e94c3954 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-12-15T14:56:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Danilo Costa Bertoloto.pdf: 8430681 bytes, checksum: 18a9ced8f731a2447eed45c8e94c3954 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T14:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Danilo Costa Bertoloto.pdf: 8430681 bytes, checksum: 18a9ced8f731a2447eed45c8e94c3954 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / Esta dissertação de caráter descritivo e exploratório busca traçar um panorama do nível de conexão que o Brasil, mais precisamente a Cidade de Cuiabá, capital do estado de Mato Grosso, está inserida. Busca-se apresentar, também, como se dão as conexões e quais backbones fazem parte da malha óptica que liga a cidade aos grandes centros e como estes se interligam com o mundo. O interesse principal da presente pesquisa é entender como Cuiabá, sede da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 se comportará como produtora, gestora e vendedora de informação, e se a conexão citada acima suportará essa demanda de tráfego. Busca-se então, levantar dados do mega-evento Copa do Mundo de futebol de 2010 para se apontar a demanda de infra-estrutura de comunicação baseada em fibra óptica para a Copa de 2014 no Brasil, Cuiabá. / This dissertation was a descriptive and exploratory search to give an overview of the level of connection that Brazil, more precisely the city of Cuiabá, capital of Mato Grosso, is inserted. Search is also present, as it gives the connections and backbones which are part of the optical network that connects the city to major centers and how they interrelate with the world. However, the ultimate concern of this research is to understand how to Cuiabá, the headquarters of the Football World Cup 2014, will behave as a producer, manager and seller information, and the connection to the above mentioned support the traffic demand. The aim is then to collect data from mega-event World Cup 2010 soccer pointing to the demand for communication infrastructure based on optical fiber for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, Cuiabá.