La Thaïlande est un pays sous régime de monarchie constitutionnelle mais il subit souvent les interventions militaires. Malgré l’installation de la démocratie en 1932 et le développement des textes juridiques, la liberté d’expression et le droit de la communication sont limités. Le marché audiovisuel est préoccupé par les opérateurs ayant obtenu les contrats de concession de l’État pour une durée excessive. La solution proposée par la Constitution de 1997 est de créer une autorité de régulation indépendante de communication audiovisuelle pour, d’une part, renforcer l’exercice de la liberté d’expression et le droit de la communication ainsi que la mise en place des principes fondamentaux de la communication audiovisuelle, et, d’autre part, attribuer à nouveaux les fréquences pour l’ouverture totale du marché audiovisuel afin d’offrir une variété de choix aux téléspectateurs ou aux auditeurs. La création de l’autorité de régulation de communication audiovisuelle a été interrompue plusieurs fois par les décisions du Tribunal administratif, du fait de conflit d’intérêts, et a finalement été annulée par le coup d’État en 2006, abrogeant la Constitution de 1997. La Constitution actuelle de 2007 impose de créer une seule autorité de régulation chargée de l’audiovisuel et des télécommunications pour faire face au développement des technologies qui convergent. Aujourd’hui, cette autorité n’est pas encore mise en place. La lacune dans la régulation des deux domaines de communication s’agrandit. Depuis la suppression du monopole étatique de l’audiovisuel, la France a connu trois autorités de régulation. L’exercice des droits et libertés de la communication se développe progressivement. L’étude sur la comparaison avec le système français pourrait orienter la Thaïlande vers le chemin de la démocratie et du développement. / Although Thailand is a constitutional monarchy country with the establishment of democracy and the development of legal texts, it is often subject to military intervention which creates the limitation of freedom of expression and the rights to communicate. The audiovisual market is dominated by the operators who obtain the concession contracts of the State for too long. The solution of the mentioned problem is proposed by the 1997 Constitution, which is to create an independent regulatory authority for audiovisual communication to improve the exercise of freedom of expression on communication law and to implement the basic principles of audiovisual communication. Moreover an allotment of new frequencies is also important for the full opening of the audiovisual market in order to vary the choices for viewers and listeners. The creation of the regulatory authority of audiovisual communication has been interrupted several times by the committee’s conflict of interest. In 2006, it was unfortunately withdrawn by the coup by repealing the 1997 Constitution. After that in The 2007 Constitution, it is required the establishment of a single regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications to meet the development of converging technologies however the authority has not been implemented yet. So the gaps in regulation between two areas of communications are growing.In France, there are three of regulatory authorities of audiovisual communication which have been formed after the abolition of state monopoly of broadcasting. The study of French’s basic principles of audiovisual communication could guide Thailand in several ways since the rights and the freedoms of communication in Thailand have been democratically developing gradually

A b s t r a c t Title: Payment of Royalties for Performing the Broadcast in the Bedrooms of Spa Facilities The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the issue of payment of royalties for performing broadcast in the bedrooms of spa facilities, namely by the form of case study. The introduction shortly presents chosen subject and highlights the inconguity of jurisprudence in legal disputes relating to payment of royalties by spa facilities. Chapter one is dedicated to historical progression of different versions of the exceptions contained in section 23 of the Czech Copyrigt Act, which is also the cause for spa facilities to conclude that they are not liable for paying royalties to appropriate collecting society. Chapter two examines relavant jurisprudence by Regional Courts, High Courts and the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union is also mentioned. Chapter three is composed of the introduction to the case study which illustrates the circumstances of the origin of hypothetic legal dispute which is to be solved by this thesis. Chapter four is the focal point of the thesis and it is presented by the judgement issued by a Regional Court in the legal dispute between the collecting society as a plaintiff and the spa facility as a respondent. The...

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) facilitates the creation of dynamic reconfigurable networks, without centralized infrastructure. MANET routing protocols have to face high challenges like link instability, node mobility, frequently changing topologies and energy consumption of node, due to these challenges routing becomes one of the core issues in MANETs. This Thesis mainly focuses on the reactive routing protocol such as Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. Reliable and Efficient Reactive Routing Protocol (RERRP) for MANET has been proposed to reduce the link breakages between the moving nodes. This scheme selects a reliable route using Reliability Factor (RF); the RF considers Route Expiration Time and Hop Count to select a routing path with high reliability and have less number of hops. The simulation result shows that RERRP outperforms AODV and enhance the packet delivery fraction (PDF) by around 6% and reduces the network routing load (NRL) by around 30%. Broadcasting in MANET could cause serious redundancy, contention, and collision of the packets. A scheme, Effective Broadcast Control Routing Protocol (EBCRP) has been proposed for the controlling of broadcast storm problem in a MANET. The EBCRP is mainly selects the reliable node while controlling the redundant re-broadcast of the route request packet. The proposed algorithm EBCRP is an on-demand routing protocol, therefore AODV route discovery mechanism was selected as the base of this scheme. The analysis of the performance of EBCRP has revealed that the EBCRP have controlled the routing overhead significantly, reduces it around 70% and enhance the packet delivery by 13% as compared to AODV. An Energy Sensible and Route Stability Based Routing Protocol (ESRSBR) have also been proposed that mainly focuses on increasing the network lifetime with better packet delivery. The ESRSBR supports those nodes to participate in the data transfer that have more residual energy related to their neighbour nodes. The proposed protocol also keeps track of the stability of the links between the nodes. Finally, the ESRSBR selects those routes which consist of nodes that have more residual energy and have stable links. The comparative analysis of ESRSBR with AODV and recently proposed routing protocol called Link Stability and Energy Aware (LSEA) routing protocol revealed that the proposed protocol ESRSBR has a significantly affect the network lifetime, increases it around 10% and 13% as compared to LSEA and AODV protocols respectively. The ESRSBR also decreases the routing overhead by 22% over LSEA and by 38% over AODV.

Com a crescente transformação no campo tecnológico, o jornalista é imerso diariamente em novos desafios que mudam não somente a forma de pensamento, mas também o fazer da profissão. No radiojornalismo, esse percurso deve ser avaliado com cuidado. Primeiramente é importante desconstruir a ideia de ascensão e queda desse meio de comunicação a cada novidade que surge. A radiorreportagem pode ser vista como a mais importante das atividades do repórter de rádio. Esse deve ser o momento em que ele prepara para o ouvinte um material rico em sons ambientes para que ele seja facilmente transportado para a cena relatada. Porém, muitas mudanças ocorrem na sociedade contemporânea e transformam essa relação, sendo uma das principais o conceito de convergência das mídias que resignifica a compreensão da radiorreportagem e o papel do repórter de rádio. Doze entrevistados acadêmicos e profissionais foram ouvidos e teceram uma análise sobre os principais pontos de discussão ao redor desse tema: o conceito de radiorreportagem, a evolução dos aparatos técnicos, convergência das mídias e internet, a importância da linguagem radiofônica e o ensino de radiojornalismo nos bancos das universidades buscando auxiliar os profissionais da área de rádio quanto à prática, ao ensino e à pesquisa. / Following the never-ending changes in technological field, journalists are undergoing new challenges day after day, reshaping not only the ways of thinking, but the very nature of doing things in this profession as well. In broadcast journalism, this path must be considered with special care. At first, is paramount to unfold the idea of rise and fall of this media every time a new media appears. Broadcast journalism might be seen as the most important activity for radio journalists. Is just the time when he or she prepares for his or her audience a material carved with environmental sounds to place them into the described scene with ease. Nevertheless, a myriad of changes occur in modern day society and transform this relation, being the media convergence concept one of those major changes, unveiling a new meaning on the understanding of broadcast journalism and the role of radio journalists. Twelve scholars and professionals were interviewed, having the opportunity to analyze the main discussion topics on this subject: broadcast journalism concept, technical gear evolution, media and internet convergence, importance of radio-specific language and teaching of broadcast journalism in College chairs aiming to support radio professionals in regard to teaching and research.

Ip Chun Wah Timmy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Topic Detection and Tracking --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is a Topic? --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- What is Topic Tracking? --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Contributions --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Named Entity Tagging --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Handling Unknown Words --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Named-Entity Approach in Topic Tracking --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Previous Developments in Topic Tracking --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- BBN's Tracking System --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- CMU's Tracking System --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Dragon's Tracking System --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- UPenn's Tracking System --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Topic Tracking in Chinese --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Part-of-Speech Tagging --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- A Brief Overview of POS Tagging --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Transformation-based Error-Driven Learning --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Unknown Word Identification --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Rule-based approaches --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Statistical approaches --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Hybrid approaches --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Information Retrieval Models --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Vector-Space Model --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Probabilistic Model --- p.27 / Chapter 2.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.28 / Chapter 3 --- System Overview --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Segmenter --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- TEL Tagger --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Unknown Words Identifier --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4 --- Topic Tracker --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.34 / Chapter 4 --- Named Entity Tagging --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Experimental Data --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- Transformational Tagging --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Notations --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Corpus Utilization --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Lexical Rules --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Contextual Rules --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experiment and Result --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Lexical Tag Initialization --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Contribution of Lexical and Contextual Rules --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Performance on Unknown Words --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- A Possible Benchmark --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Comparison between TEL Approach and the Stochas- tic Approach --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.59 / Chapter 5 --- Handling Unknown Words in Topic Tracking --- p.62 / Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2 --- Person Names --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Forming possible named entities from OOV by group- ing n-grams --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Overlapping --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3 --- Organization Names --- p.71 / Chapter 5.4 --- Location Names --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Dates and Times --- p.74 / Chapter 5.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.75 / Chapter 6 --- Topic Tracking in Chinese --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction of Topic Tracking --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental Data --- p.79 / Chapter 6.3 --- Evaluation Methodology --- p.81 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Cost Function --- p.82 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- DET Curve --- p.83 / Chapter 6.4 --- The Named Entity Approach --- p.85 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Designing the Named Entities Set for Topic Tracking --- p.85 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Feature Selection --- p.86 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Integrated with Vector-Space Model --- p.87 / Chapter 6.5 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.91 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Notations --- p.92 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Stopword Elimination --- p.92 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- TEL Tagging --- p.95 / Chapter 6.5.4 --- Unknown Word Identifier --- p.100 / Chapter 6.5.5 --- Error Analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.108 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.110 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions --- p.110 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.111 / Bibliography --- p.113 / Chapter A --- The POS Tags --- p.121 / Chapter B --- Surnames and transliterated characters --- p.123 / Chapter C --- Stopword List for Person Name --- p.126 / Chapter D --- Organization suffixes --- p.127 / Chapter E --- Location suffixes --- p.128 / Chapter F --- Examples of Feature Table (Train set with condition D410) --- p.129

Wong Kam Lai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Our Contributions --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Dragon Systems --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- University of Massachusetts (UMass) --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- BBN Technologies --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6 --- National Taiwan University (NTU) --- p.13 / Chapter 2.7 --- Drawbacks of Existing Approaches --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Overview of Proposed Approach --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- News Source --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Story Preprocessing --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Concept Term Generation --- p.20 / Chapter 3.4 --- Named Entity Extraction --- p.21 / Chapter 3.5 --- Gross Translation of Chinese to English --- p.21 / Chapter 3.6 --- Topic Detection method --- p.22 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Deferral Period --- p.22 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Detection Approach --- p.23 / Chapter 4 --- Concept Term Model --- p.25 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background of Contextual Analysis --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2 --- Concept Term Generation --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Concept Generation Algorithm --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Concept Term Representation for Detection --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- Topic Detection Model --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1 --- Text Representation and Term Weights --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Story Representation --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Topic Representation --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Similarity Score --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Time adjustment scheme --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2 --- Gross Translation Method --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Detection System --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Detection Requirement --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- The Top Level Model --- p.52 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Clustering Algorithm --- p.55 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Similarity Calculation --- p.55 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Grouping Related Elements --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Topic Identification --- p.60 / Chapter 6 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 6.1 --- Evaluation Model --- p.63 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Evaluation Methodology --- p.64 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experiments on the effects of tuning the parameter --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Results and Analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 6.3 --- Experiments on the effects of named entities and concept terms --- p.74 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.74 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Results and Analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 6.4 --- Experiments on the effect of using time adjustment --- p.77 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.77 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Results and Analysis --- p.79 / Chapter 6.5 --- Experiments on mono-lingual detection --- p.80 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Experiment Setup --- p.80 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Results and Analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.83 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions --- p.83 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.85 / Chapter A --- List of Topics annotated for TDT3 Corpus --- p.86 / Chapter B --- Matching evaluation topics to hypothesized topics --- p.90 / Bibliography --- p.92

De par la nature ouverte des communications sans-fils, les transmissions sont fortement impactées par divers facteurs limitants: l’interférence (due aux multiples utilisateurs), l’incertitude canal (due à la mobilité des utilisateurs) et la présence d'espions. En théorie de l’information, les « canaux de diffusion » sont un modèle clé des communications cellulaires sans-fils et consistent en une source qui souhaite envoyer deux messages chacun destiné à un utilisateur distinct, les canaux étant modélisés par des lois conditionnelles de probabilité. La gestion d’interférence constitue un point clé des transmissions à travers les canaux à diffusion, car l’augmentation du débit d’un utilisateur résulte inéluctablement en une augmentation de l’interférence à l’autre utilisateur, et elle consiste à fournir les débits maximaux que chacun des utilisateurs peut atteindre avec probabilité d’erreur nulle au décodage. Lorsque l’on couple l’interférence à de l’incertitude canal (lois de probabilités des canaux inconnues à la source), à des transmissions simultanées (plusieurs utilisateurs intéressés par les mêmes messages) ou encore à la présence d’espions (externe aux deux utilisateurs), les techniques existantes de gestion de l’interférence s’avèrent sous-optimales. L’objet de cette thèse a été donc été de développer des techniques de gestion de l’interférence pour les canaux de diffusion avec incertitude canal en se basant sur de nouvelles stratégies de codage, pour les canaux cognitifs à transmission multiples sous plusieurs régimes d’interférences, et enfin pour les canaux de diffusion avec espion où la vraie difficulté résidant dans les preuves d'optimalité. / Due to the open nature of wireless communications, the transmissions on such mediums are subject to many limitations: interference (due to the increasing traffic on the network), channel uncertainty ( due to users’ mobility) and security. The most accurate information theoretic model for cellular wireless communications is the Broadcast Channel that consists of a source transmitting two distinct messages to two receivers through a channel that we model by a conditional probability distribution. Interference Management is the bottleneck of coding for such channels, as increasing the rate of a message results in an increased amount of interference at the opposite receiver. It thus consists in finding the optimal tradeoff between the two messages rates while ensuring zero decoding error probability at both receivers. When interference is coupled with channel uncertainty (channel probability distribution unknown to the source) or with simultaneous transmissions (many users interested in the same message) or even to eavesdropping, the known techniques for interference management appear to be sub-optimal. The purpose then of this thesis was to develop interference mitigation techniques for Broadcast Channels with uncertainty resorting to more involved coding strategies, for the Broadcast Channels with a helper with multiple users under many regimes of interference, and last but not least, for the Wiretap Broadcast CHannel through new outer bounding techniques.

The last part considered a k-receiver broadcast channel with two unmatched degraded components, and degraded message sets where receiver Ys, s ∈ {1, ··· , k} requires messages (Ms, ··· , Mk). We established the capacity region for this class of broadcast channels by showing that superposition coding is optimal. In the process of proving the achievability, we showed a general superposition coding region for any broadcast channels with degraded message requirement. / The main contributions in this thesis consist of the following three parts: The first part studied the existing inner and outer bounds to the capacity region for 3-receiver broadcast channels with 2-degraded message sets, in an attempt to find the deficiencies with the current techniques of establishing the bounds. We produced a simple example where we were able to explicitly evaluate these bounds to show that they are indeed different. For a class of channels where the bounds differ, we used a new argument to show that the inner bound is tight and outer bound is weak. / The second part considered a broadcast channel consisting of k receivers that lie in a less noisy sequence. The capacity region for this scenario had been unknown since the mid 1970s, when k ≥ 3. We solved this open problem for the case k = 3. Indeed we proved that superposition coding is optimal for a class of broadcast channels with a sequence of less noisy receivers. This class contains the k = 3 case, thus resolving its capacity region. / This thesis focused on a fundamental problem of network information theory called broadcast channel, which models the communication from a single sender to multiple receivers (say, from a cellular tower to cell phone users in its coverage area). The goal is to determine the set of achievable communication data rates where each receiver can decode the messages it requires with high fidelity. From a purely theoretical standpoint, however, this problem of characterizing the feasible rate region (capacity region) had stumped researchers for over three decades. / Wang, Zizhou. / Advisers: Shua-Yen Robert Li; Nair Chandra M. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-70). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Hui Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Topic Detection Problem --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is a Topic? --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Topic Detection --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Our Contributions --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Thesis Organization --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Dragon Systems --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- University of Massachusetts (UMass) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- BBN Technologies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6 --- National Taiwan University (NTU) --- p.13 / Chapter 2.7 --- Drawbacks of Existing Approaches --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- System Overview --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- News Sources --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Story Preprocessing --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3 --- Named Entity Extraction --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4 --- Gross Translation --- p.22 / Chapter 3.5 --- Unsupervised Learning Module --- p.24 / Chapter 4 --- Term Extraction and Story Representation --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- IBM Intelligent Miner For Text --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2 --- Transformation-based Error-driven Learning --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Learning Stage --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Design of New Tags --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Lexical Rules Learning --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Contextual Rules Learning --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3 --- Extracting Named Entities Using Learned Rules --- p.42 / Chapter 4.4 --- Story Representation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Basic Representation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Enhanced Representation --- p.47 / Chapter 5 --- Gross Translation --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Basic Translation --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2 --- Enhanced Translation --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Parallel Corpus Alignment Approach --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Enhanced Translation Approach --- p.62 / Chapter 6 --- Unsupervised Learning Module --- p.68 / Chapter 6.1 --- Overview of the Discovery Algorithm --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Topic Representation --- p.70 / Chapter 6.3 --- Similarity Calculation --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Similarity Score Calculation --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Time Adjustment Scheme --- p.74 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Language Normalization Scheme --- p.75 / Chapter 6.4 --- Related Elements Combination --- p.78 / Chapter 7 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 7.1 --- TDT corpora --- p.84 / Chapter 7.2 --- Evaluation Methodology --- p.85 / Chapter 7.3 --- Experimental Results on Various Parameter Settings --- p.88 / Chapter 7.4 --- Experiments Results on Various Named Entity Extraction Ap- proaches --- p.89 / Chapter 7.5 --- Experiments Results on Various Story Representation Approaches --- p.100 / Chapter 7.6 --- Experiments Results on Various Translation Approaches --- p.104 / Chapter 7.7 --- Experiments Results on the Effect of Language Normalization Scheme on Detection Approaches --- p.106 / Chapter 7.8 --- TDT2000 Topic Detection Result --- p.110 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusions and Future Works --- p.112 / Chapter 8.1 --- Conclusions --- p.112 / Chapter 8.2 --- Future Work --- p.114 / Bibliography --- p.115 / Chapter A --- List of Topics annotated for TDT2 Corpus --- p.121 / Chapter B --- Significant Test Results --- p.124

O objetivo desta dissertação é pensar a transmissão direta via televisão a partir do que aqui se denomina tempo morto, períodos menos concentrados de fluxo do evento transmitido. Em toda teletransmissão, há embates entre dois fluxos informativos distintos – o do evento e o da televisão –, que são resolvidos segundo processos (moldurações) que expressam figuras (molduras) propriamente televisivas. Ao circunscrever a observação aos tempos mortos, pode-se compreender com maior clareza que estratégias televisivas são empregadas nesta transposição. O objeto de estudo é o futebol televisivo, a partir da observação das onze últimas finais de Copas do Mundo (1970-2010). Nelas, são identificadas algumas figuras de tempo morto, como imagens de personas e figuras de manipulação temporal, analisadas sincrônica e diacronicamente. / The aim of this work is to think direct broadcast television from what is called dead time herein, periods less concentrated of flow of the event broadcast. Throughout teletransmission there is clashes between two different information flows - the event and the television - which are resolved in accordance with processes (moldurações) expressing television figures (molduras). When observing the dead time, one can understand more clearly what strategies are employed in this transposition of an event to the television. The object of study is football, based on the observation of the eleven last World Cups final games (1970-2010).