This work is will deal with the amount of costs and personal provisions with a view to the performance of regulations of independent regulatory authorities in the Czech Republic from 2001 until the present day. Independent regulatory authorities are characteristic for their specific placement within the hierarchy of state administration, their independence from the political will, and they are financed from the state budget. This work aims to find out what is the proportion of costs related to the output of regulations of independent regulatory authorities to the overall costs linked to the output of state administration, and analyze the development of this indicator in the aforesaid period. In the same way, the development in the personnel area will be analysed. As the source for data analysis will be primarily used annual reports of selected regulatory authorities, The Czech Statistical Authority and Ministry of Finance. The amount of regulations by the state and reinforcing or streamlining of the functions of the state administrations -- these are the topics of constant scholarly discussions both in the economic and political fields. At present, The European Commission requires that the Czech Republic establish two new independent regulatory authorities in the fields of railway transport and water management. The reason to establish an independent regulatory authority shall be to make sure of equal conditions of liberalized market of railway transportation and functioning of independent regulatory authority in the water-management field, as stated in the conditions of European Commission for subsidizing in the period between 2014 and 2020. The theoretical part will define the terms of regulations and describe the concepts of economic theories related to the regulations controlled by the state. Furthermore, the theoretical part will focus on definitions of independent regulatory authority and will describe the historical development of independent regulatory authorities. The practical part will concern itself with the institutional and legal framework, competency and activities of independent regulatory authorities. Furthermore, their budget and personnel aspects will be analysed. The goal of the Thesis is to analyse the development of costs and personnel scope of independent regulatory authorities with a view to the overall costs linked to the state administration and to the overall personnel provisions of the state administration in the mentioned period.

La Thaïlande est un pays sous régime de monarchie constitutionnelle mais il subit souvent les interventions militaires. Malgré l’installation de la démocratie en 1932 et le développement des textes juridiques, la liberté d’expression et le droit de la communication sont limités. Le marché audiovisuel est préoccupé par les opérateurs ayant obtenu les contrats de concession de l’État pour une durée excessive. La solution proposée par la Constitution de 1997 est de créer une autorité de régulation indépendante de communication audiovisuelle pour, d’une part, renforcer l’exercice de la liberté d’expression et le droit de la communication ainsi que la mise en place des principes fondamentaux de la communication audiovisuelle, et, d’autre part, attribuer à nouveaux les fréquences pour l’ouverture totale du marché audiovisuel afin d’offrir une variété de choix aux téléspectateurs ou aux auditeurs. La création de l’autorité de régulation de communication audiovisuelle a été interrompue plusieurs fois par les décisions du Tribunal administratif, du fait de conflit d’intérêts, et a finalement été annulée par le coup d’État en 2006, abrogeant la Constitution de 1997. La Constitution actuelle de 2007 impose de créer une seule autorité de régulation chargée de l’audiovisuel et des télécommunications pour faire face au développement des technologies qui convergent. Aujourd’hui, cette autorité n’est pas encore mise en place. La lacune dans la régulation des deux domaines de communication s’agrandit. Depuis la suppression du monopole étatique de l’audiovisuel, la France a connu trois autorités de régulation. L’exercice des droits et libertés de la communication se développe progressivement. L’étude sur la comparaison avec le système français pourrait orienter la Thaïlande vers le chemin de la démocratie et du développement. / Although Thailand is a constitutional monarchy country with the establishment of democracy and the development of legal texts, it is often subject to military intervention which creates the limitation of freedom of expression and the rights to communicate. The audiovisual market is dominated by the operators who obtain the concession contracts of the State for too long. The solution of the mentioned problem is proposed by the 1997 Constitution, which is to create an independent regulatory authority for audiovisual communication to improve the exercise of freedom of expression on communication law and to implement the basic principles of audiovisual communication. Moreover an allotment of new frequencies is also important for the full opening of the audiovisual market in order to vary the choices for viewers and listeners. The creation of the regulatory authority of audiovisual communication has been interrupted several times by the committee’s conflict of interest. In 2006, it was unfortunately withdrawn by the coup by repealing the 1997 Constitution. After that in The 2007 Constitution, it is required the establishment of a single regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications to meet the development of converging technologies however the authority has not been implemented yet. So the gaps in regulation between two areas of communications are growing.In France, there are three of regulatory authorities of audiovisual communication which have been formed after the abolition of state monopoly of broadcasting. The study of French’s basic principles of audiovisual communication could guide Thailand in several ways since the rights and the freedoms of communication in Thailand have been democratically developing gradually

Dans le contexte de la convergence, où une seule « plate-forme » est capable de fournir toutes les formes de communications possible, se pose la question de la fusion des organismes de réglementation distincts qui régulent, d’une part la communication audiovisuelle, d’autre part les télécommunications. C’est ainsi que fut créée une nouvelle institution par la loi n° 8867 du 29 février 2008 relative à la gestion et à l’installation de la Korea Communications Commission (KCC) en remplacement les deux autorités de régulation préexistantes qui dirigeaient l’audiovisuel et la télécommunication. Parallèlement, en France, depuis 2007, suite au rapport du sénateur Bruno RETAILLEAU, les pouvoirs publics se sont positionnés en faveur d’une éventuelle fusion à terme entre le CSA et l'ARCEP, la fusion de ces deux autorités de régulation permettant la gestion de l’audiovisuel et de la télécommunication par une même autorité de régulation. Pour autant, un tel projet de réforme n’est pas encore à l’ordre du jour et laisse de nombreuses questions en suspend, questions que la fusion coréenne n’est justement pas parvenu à répondre. Entre un système coréen qui joue le jeu de la convergence, sans pour autant que soit garanti l’indépendance du régulateur vis-à-vis du pouvoir exécutif, et un système français, garantissant autant ce faire se peut cette indépendance, tout en maintenant une séparation de la régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et des télécommunications, on peut s’interroger sur l’opportunité de chacun des deux régimes et sur le modèle le plus performant pour assurer la régulation du secteur de la communication audiovisuelle, tout en préservant la liberté de la communication, liberté fondamentale essentielle pour nos démocraties / In this convergence environment, only the « plate-forme » could be supply all of the communication formats. We wonder a question about the organization meltdown of the regulation, in the one side, the audiovisual communication and in the other side, the telecoms sector. Thus, a new institution has been created by the 29th February 2008 law n°8867 in matter of the setting and the management of the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) in place of the two preexisting regulation authorities whom run the audiovisual communication and the telecoms. In the same time, since 2007 in France, in consequence of the Senator Bruno RETAILLEAU report, the authorities took one’s stand for a possible fusion between The CSA and the ARCEP. This meltdown shall allow managing the audiovisual communication and the telecoms by the same regulation authority. However, this reform proposal is not still in the agenda, and raises new issues those even the Korean merger was not able to answer. Both the Korean system which runs with the convergence without a guarantee of the regulation independence in front of the State power, and the French system who guaranteed as possible this independence by separating the audiovisual communication regulation from the telecoms. We wonder on the appropriateness of the two systems, and which is the best performing to run the audiovisual communication regulation, to guarantee the independence of communication and the fundamental liberties which rule our democracies

This project is part of a collaborative MSc training programme between the Aviation Industries of China (AVIC) and Cranfield University, aiming at enhancing the competitiveness of AVIC in both international and domestic aviation market through applying continuing airworthiness policies in the whole aircraft development process. The arrangement of the research project is that all students start with a Group Design Project which is based on the Flying Crane Project provided by AVIC. Individual research projects will address some aspects of the Flying Crane Project during the Group Design Project, and then further developed during the period for individual projects. The aim of this research is to apply the airworthiness requirements and the methodology of the Maintenance Steering Group logic (MSG-3) in the Flying Crane Project. This is because that maintenance is one of the key factors of Continuing Airworthiness, and MSG-3 logic is the most accepted and approved method to develop scheduled maintenance for civil aircrafts. The main objectives of this project include: (1) To investigate current Continuing Airworthiness regulations, including European airworthiness requirements (as the main regulation to comply with) and Chinese airworthiness regulations (as an important reference and supplement to the research); (2) To investigate the main analysis methodology of reliability and maintainability, including Damage Tolerance and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA); (3) To analyse the data resulted from the Group Design Project using MSG-3 logic to produce a set of Continuing Airworthiness instructions, for the operator and maintenance organisation of the aircraft, from the design organization’s perspective; (4) To develop Continuing Airworthiness instructions for airline operators to compose maintenance programmes for Flying Crane aircrafts, including maintenance tasks and intervals for the selected airframe systems and structural components; and (5) To identify applicable maintenance organisations in China for Flying Crane aircrafts in accordance with both European and Chinese airworthiness requirements. On completion of this research, two aspects of Continuing Airworthiness have been investigated, including maintenance programme and maintenance organization. With MSG-3 logic, the author developed the maintenance plan for three structural components (fuselage skin panel, wing root joint, and fin-fuselage attachment) and one airframe system (fuel system) based on results from the Group Design Project. The author also investigated the Chinese domestic aircraft maintenance companies, and selected suitable maintenance organizations based on technical and economical criteria.

Based upon critical political economy and Marxist theory of the state, this thesis attempts to understand the neoliberal form of the capitalist state in Turkey. While doing this, it puts the establishment of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) into the framework of the claim of de-politicization and redefined form of the separation of the political and the economic under neoliberalism. It argues that neoliberalism solved its crisis and settled through each financial crisis, as a result of which the state is restructured. Acceleration of the delayed neoliberal transformation in Turkish agriculture through crises provides a ground to this argument. This study focuses on Tobacco and Alcohol Market Regulatory Authority (TAPDK) as an IRA, which enables analysis of neoliberal transformation of both agriculture and the state. Besides / the thesis includes an analysis of the Tobacco Law, which established TAPDK, since it is accepted that law is a significant mediation of the settlement of neoliberal hegemony. Furthermore, the thesis utilizes from in-depth interviews with not only officials from TAPDK, but also previous workers of tobacco and cigarette producing factories and tobacco farmers in order to find out how the labouring classes experienced the transformation. This contributes to the development of an analysis of the state as an arena of class struggle. Therefore / it is asserted, in this thesis, that TAPDK exemplifies the mediation of capital-labour relations by the state in tobacco sector, and appears as an arena of class struggle, as opposed to the discourse of the purification of economic management from politics.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - Mpharm / The aim of this study was to determine quality control specifications needed for a dossier and an investigator's brochure of A. afra capsules, which can be used to motivate the registration and clinical testing of A. afra capsules in chronic asthma. The specific objectives were: (1) to establish the minimum product quality requirements for registration of A. afra capsules, (2) to prepare and pharmaceutically characterize a capsule product of A. afra freeze dried aqueous extract (FDAE) suitable for registration, and (3) to identify pharmaceutical product quality aspects of an investigator's brochure (IB) that would be appropriate for use in motivating a clinical trial of A. afra capsules in chronic asthma.

In 2010, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Swaziland noticed a significant increase in employee absenteeism which they discovered was related mainly to: poor health (sick leave), personal and financial stress (garnishee orders were increasing), and low staff morale, the consequence of which was low productivity and missed deadlines (FSRA, 2010:7). High levels of absenteeism meant that a sizeable number of employees were unable to complete their daily tasks (FSRA, 2010:7). Consequently, in 2011, the FSRA Human Resource Department started a wellness programme for all employees in the organization in an attempt to respond to the human resource challenges reported in 2009/10 financial year. By the end of 2012, FSRA management reported that the introduction of the EWP had not yielded the expected results. This therefore prompted management to request an evaluation of the FSRA employee wellness programme. The aim of this research was to identify and prioritize the needs of employees in terms of requirements of a wellness programme and how it should be delivered. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: to identify the wellness needs of employees, to identify employee preferences in terms of the type of interventions to be included in a wellness programme, to identify the preferred mode of delivery of the wellness programme and to make recommendations to management on the design of a wellness programme. Questionnaires with closed ended questions were used to collect data for this survey. The questionnaire used is attached as Appendix A. By means of a needs analysis survey, this research was designed to assess the FSRA employees’ needs in terms of an employee wellness programme, as well as the preferred EWP delivery methods. About 70 percent of FSRA employees participated in the survey. The respondents completed the questionnaire and submitted it online over a period of 10 working days (2 weeks). This report is structured into three sections, namely; section one, which is the evaluation report that gives details of the importance of the study, highlights research methods and then present the results, discussions and recommendations. Section two deals with the literature review while section three reports on the research methodology, research design and procedures and the limitation of the study. In light of the findings on the wellness needs of employees, 72 percent of the respondents felt the current wellness programme was very inadequate and a further 10 percent added that it was inadequate in addressing their wellness needs largely because the needs were not known. The most important wellness needs identified included: exercise, nutrition, personal hygiene, disease awareness and treatment of illness, coping with stress, coping with workload, ventilation, safety, bereavement, personal debt, and retirement planning. The most preferred wellness interventions that respondents proposed include Flexible Work Schedule, Safe Workplace, Improved Ventilation, Retirement Planning Advice and Gymnasium. Further analysis done using correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the wellness needs and the wellness interventions. Concerning the delivery of the wellness programme, most of the employees indicated that outsourcing certain services was better than having them in house. The highest ranking of the services for out sourcing were nutrition education and medical checkups that ranked between 82 percent and 75 percent respectively. The respondents indicated that they want almost all the chosen interventions to be outsourced. Time slots should also be taken into consideration to ensure employee participation in the wellness programme services. The respondent FSRA employees seem to prefer interventions of an educational nature to be during the lunch hour. These include Nutrition Education, Health Education, Hygiene Education and Medical Check ups and Treatment, whereas Gymnasium was preferred to be after working hours.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the introduction of a transport economic regulatory authority would serve as a valid intervention mechanism in the Public-Private Partnership of the transport infrastructure in South Africa. In order to achieve this objective, the study focused on the analysis of the concept of Public-Private Partnership, and how it has unfolded in a number of industrialised countries. Much attention was devoted in examining how the Public-Private Partnership arrangements followed by the studied countries influenced the current transport infrastructure management process in South Africa. To deal with the above, a host of macro-environmental variables were analysed in respect of their potential impact on the South African Department of Transport. The establishment of various agencies by the Department of Transport was seen as a consequence of the influence of the prevailing environmental forces. The outcome of the analysis revealed that a sustainable transport infrastructural development is a product of genuine partnership between the public and private sectors. Competition for the market and the significance of such competition in the transport infrastructure were outlined. The main goal of competition within the context of this study is to diffuse the economic power of the toll road industry and the protection of the individual's fundamental rights. The study also unearthed a need to deepen the talent and skills of both public and private sector officials as this would enable them to protect the citizens' right to make well-considered choices in the toll road industry. The study identified a need to establish a transport economic regulatory authority that would control the market dynamics of power relationships in the transport industry. Such a body should be creative and need to have regulatory oversight over transport infrastructure. / Transport Logistics & Tourism / D. Comm.

Por meio de uma intensa exploração doutrinária, vem se discutindo as mutações do direito frente à explosão tecnológica no mundo e, em especial, à tecnificação das atividades de atuação do Estado. Diante dessa situação, exploramos na doutrina internacional e nacional o conceito de um instituto intimamente ligado à tecnificação da atividade Estatal chamado de discricionariedade técnica. Com esta exploração, temos o intuito de demonstrar que, além de esta doutrina ser plenamente aplicável no direito pátrio, a situação de fato correspondente à tecnificação pela aplicação ao direito dos conhecimentos científicos de engenharia, biologia, medicina, saúde pública, entre outros, impulsionado pelas agências reguladoras, demanda o seu reconhecimento como forma de controle e proteção dos direitos contra eventuais abusos e ilegalidades da Administração Pública e, especialmente, da Administração Pública Sanitária. Por isso, iniciamos com os conceitos da discricionariedade técnica em suas duas modalidades e, após isto, buscamos, nas mais recentes doutrinas, os conceitos e limites identificados para a atividade discricionária técnico-administrativa, além de exemplificar ao leitor, circunstâncias em que tal discricionariedade se impõe. Paralelamente à conceituação, demonstramos a correlação e a relevância do reconhecimento deste instituto para o direito sanitário, buscando exemplos existentes neste ramo jurídico para melhor ilustrar a pesquisa. Após conceituar e exemplificar, passamos, finalmente, a justificar a real relevância deste estudo levantando na doutrina os limites formais e materiais deste instituto, como maneira de fornecer ferramentas para a proteção dos direitos coletivos e individuais contra atos ilegais. / By means of an intense doctrinaire exploration, people have discussed the mutations of law before the technological explosion in the world and, especially, to the technological development of the activities which the State acts. Because of that situation, we have explored in the international and national doctrine the concept of an institute connected to the technological development of the State activity which is called technical discretionarity. With this exploration, we wish to demonstrate that, not only is this doctrine fully applicable in Paternal Law, actually the situation corresponding to the technical development by means of the application to the right of the scientific knowledge of engineering, biology, medicine, public health, among others, impelled by Regulatory Authorities, demands its recognition as a way to control and protect the rights against eventual abuses and illegalities of Public Administration and, especially, of Health Administration. Therefore, we began with the concepts of the technical discritionarity in its two modalities and, after that, we searched, in more recent doctrines, the concepts and identified limits for the technical-administrative discretionary activity, besides exemplifying the reader, circumstances in which such discritionarity is imposed. Parallel to the conception, we demonstrated the correlation and the relevance of the recognition of this institute for Health Law, looking for existing examples in this juridical branch in order to better illustrate the research. After classifying and exemplifying it, we finally started to justify the real relevance of this study raising in the doctrine the formal and material limits of this institute, as a way to supply tools for the protection of collective and individual rights against illegal actions.

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, des autorités chargées de la régulation de secteurs aussi divers que l'énergie, les postes, les communications électroniques, les transports, la banque, l'assurance et les valeurs mobilières se sont multipliées aussi bien à l'échelle nationale qu'à l'échelle de l'Union européenne. Contraint par le droit dérivé, ou libre, à des fins d'impartialité et de crédibilité, ce mouvement européen de création des autorités de régulation n'est toutefois pas sans poser un certain nombre de difficultés. Qu'il s'agisse de la structure des autorités, de l'étendue de leurs pouvoirs, de leur degré d'indépendance ou de leur quête de légitimité, les solutions retenues pour institutionnaliser la régulation varient fortement d'un Etat à l'autre, cette diversité nuisant grandement à l'unité de cette catégorie juridique. Malgré l'absence de régime uniforme, des finalités communes animent pourtant ces autorités : encadrer, contrôler, sécuriser et protéger. Au regard des différentes expériences nationales et européennes, cet état de fait amène alors à s'interroger sur la possibilité et l'opportunité de construire un modèle d'autorité de régulation dans les secteurs des services publics en réseaux et des finances dont les Etats et l'Union européenne pourraient s'inspirer / Over the past two decades, the authorities in charge of the regulation of sectors as diverse as Energy, Postal services, Electronic communications, Transports, Banking, Insurance and Securities have increased on a national level as well as on an European level. Imposed by Legislation, or free, in order to obtain impartiality and credibility, this European movement of creation of regulators can face some difficulties. Whatever the structure of these authorities, the extent of their powers, their degree of independence or their quest for Legitimacy, the solutions adopted to institutionalise regulation vary widely from a State to another, this diversity greatly affects the unity of this legal category. However and despite the absence of any harmonised framework, a common purpose animates these authorities which is to supervise, monitor, secure and protect. Due to different national and European experiences, this established fact raises issues about the possibility and also the opportunity of building a regulatory authority model in network utilities and in financial sectors that could guide the States as well as the European Union