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No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mb_dr_jabo.pdf: 1682251 bytes, checksum: febd0010dceb761ccc4f0391786d0513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa: 1) determinar as exigências de mantença de valina (Val), isoleucina (Ile) e triptofano (Trp) digestível utilizando diferentes sistemas de unidade; 2) avaliar as respostas de aves reprodutoras pesadas para diferentes ingestões de Val, Ile e Trp, determinar a eficiência de utilização e desenvolver um modelo fatorial; 3) calcular a ingestão ótima econômica de Val, Ile e Trp para aves reprodutoras pesadas utilizando o Modelo de Reading; 4) determinar as exigências de arginina digestível para manutenção utilizando diferentes sistemas de unidades; avaliar as respostas de aves reprodutoras pesadas para diferentes ingestões de arginina, estimar os parâmetros do Modelo de Reading pelo método da simulação e equação para aves reprodutoras pesadas e calcular a ingestão ótima econômica de arginina, considerando a relação entre custo-benefício e a variabilidade da população. Para o objetivo 1 foram realizados três ensaios utilizando 144 galos Cobb 500. A exigência de mantença foi obtida pela relação entre a ingestão do aminoácido e o nitrogênio retido. Os diferentes sistemas de unidade foram: mg/kg de peso corporal, mg/kg de peso metabólico e mg/kg de peso proteico. Para o objetivo 2 foram realizados três ensaios utilizando 192 aves reprodutoras pesadas. Os dados obtidos foram ingestão do aminoácido (IAA), peso corporal (PC) e massa de ovo (MO). O modelo modificado para calcular as exigências dos aminoácidos foi: IAA=[AAm×(PC×0,196)0,73]+[(Novo×MO×AAovo)/k], onde AAm é o aminoácido para mantença, Novo é o nitrogênio do ovo, AAovo é o aminoácido do ovo e k é a eficiência de utilização. Para o objetivo 3 utilizou-se os dados de AAI, MO e PC do objetivo 2 que foram ajustados pelo modelo de Reading. Para determinar as exigências dos aminoácidos pelo método da simulação foram utilizados 10.000 aves. Para o objetivo 4 foram realizados dois ensaios, o primeiro utilizando 42 galos Ross e o segundo utilizando 64 aves reprodutoras pesadas Ross. Os procedimentos utilizados foram semelhantes aos objetivos 1, 2 e 3. As conclusões obtidas foram: A exigência de manutenção é mais adequadamente expressa como teor de proteína corporal. A predição do modelo foi melhorado utilizando os coeficientes estimados com unidades fisiologicamente relevantes. O modelo de Reading pode ser utilizado para estimar as ingestões ótimas de aminoácidos para galinhas sob diferentes cenários genéticos e econômico e, dependendo dos ingredientes disponíveis e seus preços, o custo de cada um dos aminoácidos pode variar. / The objective of this research were: 1) determine the requirements for maintenance of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile) and tryptophan (Trp) digestible using different unit systems; 2) evaluate the responses of broiler breeder hens to different intakes of Val, Ile and Trp, determine the efficiency of utilization and develop a factorial model; 3) calculate the economic optimum intake of Val, Ile and Trp for broiler breeder hens using the Reading Model; 4) determine the digestible arginine requirements for maintenance using different unit systems; evaluate the responses of broiler breeder hens to different intakes of arginine, estimate the parameters of the Reading Model by the method of simulation and equation for broiler breeder hens and calculate the economic optimum intake of arginine, considering the relationship between costbenefit and flock variability. For the objective 1 were conducted three trials using 144 Cobb 500 roosters. The requirement for maintenance was obtained by the relationship between amino acid intake and nitrogen retention. The different unit systems were: mg/kg of body weight, mg/kg of metabolic weight (BW0.75) and metabolic protein weight at maturity (BPm 0.73×u).For the objective 2 were conducted three trials using 192 Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens. The data obtained were: amino acid intake (AAI), body weight (BW) and the egg output (EO). The modified model to calculate the requirements of amino acids was: AAI=[AAm ×(BW×0.196)0.73]+[(Negg×EO×AAegg)/k] where AAm is the amino acid for maintenance, Negg is nitrogen egg, AAegg amino acid in egg, k is efficiency of utilization. For the objective 3 was used the AAI, EO and BW data from objective 2 that were adjusted by Reading Model. To determine the requirements of amino acids by the simulation method were used 10,000 birds. For objective 4 were conducted two trials, the first using 42 Ross roosters and the second trial using 64 Ross broiler breeder hens. The procedures used were similar to the objectives 1, 2 and 3. The conclusions obtained were: The maintenance requirement is more appropriately expressed as body protein content. The prediction of the model was improved using the coefficients estimated here with physiologically relevant units. The Reading Model could be used to estimate the optimum amino acid intakes for hens under different genetic and economic scenarios and depending on the ingredients available and their prices, the cost of each amino acid will vary. / FAPESP: 2013/13957-1

Feed restriction in the parental stock of meat producing chickens, broiler breeders, is essential in order to decrease the high growth rate that they are genetically selected for. The feed restriction does however lead to chronic hunger and stress. Stress can be measured by counting H/L ratios and the method of manually counting H/L ratios was evaluated. The method was not a good way to ensure reliable individual H/L ratios but still gives an H/L ratio indication on a group level and was therefore still used in the study. Two different feeding regimens were investigated in the study: 5:2 skip-a-day (SKIP) with two fasting days and daily feed restriction (CTRL), with chickens sampled at 9 and 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in body mass between the treatments at either age. SKIP chickens had significantly higher H/L ratios compared to CTRL at 12 weeks of age (P=0.020), but both treatments had H/L ratios above the reported limit of stress (0.5). The SKIP group on a feeding day significantly increased plasma glucose levels during the day (10.3 to 11.5 mmol/L, P=0.020) and had significantly higher liver mass and liver glycogen levels compared to the CTRL (P≤0.001). The SKIP group were also less fearful on fasting days and significantly less active than the CTRL (P≤0.050), regardless of age or daily feed differences. The conclusion was that both treatments were stressed but skip-a-day chickens were habituated to their regimen and did not experience worse welfare than daily fed broiler breeders.

Orientador: Ariel Antonio Mendes / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Banca: Marcia Regina Boaro Martins / Banca: Hirasilva Borba / Banca: Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características de qualidades da carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte. Foram realizados três ensaios para se avaliar a qualidade da carne em final de ciclo produtivo. Todas as aves pertenciam a linhagem comercial Ross, procedentes de Uberlândia (MG) e Campo Verde (MT) com idade e peso médio de 479 dias e 3.971g, respectivamente. No Ensaio 1 foram coletados 120 peitos de matrizes em 6 coletas diferentes e avaliados os seguintes parâmetro: pH, cor, valor R, perda por gotejamento, capacidade de retenção de água e absorção de água, capacidade de emulsificação, perdas por cocção e força de cisalhamento. No Ensaio 2 foi realizado o teste sensorial da carne de peito de matrizes comparado a frangos de corte, sendo coletado 20 peitos de matrizes de descarte e 20 peitos de frangos de corte em abatedouro comercial. No Ensaio 3, foram avaliados a composição química, o teor de colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte. A carne de peito de matrizes apresentou valores médios do parâmetro valor de L* de 50,11. Para a capacidade de retenção, perda de peso por cozimento e força de cisalhamento, os valores médios foram 76,67, 17,92% e 4,94kgf/cm2 respectivamente. Na análise sensorial, a carne de matriz apresentou baixa intensidade de maciez (6,9), menor suculência (3,4) e mais elástica, borrachenta e difícil deglutição. A carne de matrizes apresentou percentagem de gordura, proteína, matéria seca, umidade, cinzas e colesterol de 1,39%, 24,26%, 27,71%, 72,29%, 1,42% e 72,59mg/100g, respectivamente. A carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte apresentou boas características de qualidade tecnológicas que possibilitam sua utilização como matéria-prima para a elaboração de industrializados. Além disso, apresentou composição química semelhante a da carne de frangos de corte, não possuindo altos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This present aimed to evaluate the meat quality characterists of spent breeder hens. There were realized three trials to evaluate meat trait of spent breeder hens. All birds were Ross stain, from Uberlândia city (MG) and Campo Verde city (MT) with age and weigth average of 479 days and 3.971g, respectively. In trial 1, there were evaluated: pH, color, R value, drip loss, water holding capacity, water absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, cooking loss and shear force. In trial 2, it was realized the sensory test using breast meat of breeder hens compared to broiler chicken, collecting 20 spent breeder hen breast and 20 broiler chicken breast cropped in commercial processing plant. In trial 3, there were evaluate the chemistry composition, cholesterol value and fatty acid profile of spent breeder hens meat. Breeder hens meat presented L* value means of 50.11. To water retention capacity, cooking loss and shear force, means values were 76.67, 17.92% e 4.94kgf/cm2, respectively. In sensory test, breeder hens meat presented low intensity tenderness (6.9), lower juiciness (3.4) and elasticier, rubber and difficult to swallow. Breeder hens meat presented percent of fatty, protein, dry material, humidity, material mineral and cholesterol of 1.39%, 24.26%, 27.71%, 72.29%, 1.42% e 72.59mg/100g, respectively. Broiler hen meat presented good technology quality characteristics that it can be possible to use as meat for industry elaborated. Besides, this meat present chemistry composition equal of the meat of broiler chicken, do not hold high value of fat and cholesterol, hence these meat can be consider a meat with healthy characteristics. / Doutor

Broiler breeders experience a natural decline in fertility levels as a flock ages. A male management practice such as double interspiking could be applied to counteract this decline. Our objective was to investigate the effects of double interspiking on flock fertility, testosterone concentrations, stress responses, and behavioral responses of broiler breeders in heat stressed environments. Two hundred and eighty-eight broiler breeder pullets and thirty-six broiler breeder roosters (Ross 708) were assigned to three groups at 21 weeks of age (WOA). All three groups were housed in slatted floor pens in which room temperature cycled from 23.8 to 30 C to mimic heat stressed environments. Double interspiking was carried out between two pens at 42 and 52 WOA. Beginning at 32 WOA, eggs were set every two weeks, candled at day 12, and percent fertility calculated. Concentrations of the hormones testosterone and corticosterone (CS) were measured by radioimmunoassays at specific time points in the experiment. Lymphocytes and heterophils were counted in order to calculate heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratios. Behavior was monitored with Panasonic video cameras which recorded video footage using the Noldus MPEG Recorder from 1900 hr to 2100 hr at specific time points. Recordings were analyzed, and frequency of specific behavioral responses of individual (preening, feather ruffling, wing flapping), male-to-male (fighting, pecking, retreating), and male-to-female (attempted and completed mating) behaviors were assessed. The introduction of unfamiliar roosters resulted in a fertility increase (P<0.01) between control and spiked birds after the first interspike and a sustainment of fertility levels after the second interspike. Testosterone concentrations declined (P<0.0001) from 1.95ng/mL to 0.11ng/mL as the birds aged. Corticosterone concentrations differed among bird groups and was elevated (P=.0333) for both groups that were interspiked. H:L ratios were also different among bird groups with all birds housed in the interspiked rooms showing higher ratios. Double interspiking increased the occurrence of male-to-male interactions, but there were no significant differences in male-to-female or individual behaviors. Regardless of treatment, there was a decrease in male-to-female behaviors as the birds aged. Double interspiking does show promise as a tool to increase fertility levels in a broiler breeder flock.

Broiler breeders experience a natural decline in fertility levels as a flock ages. A male management practice such as double interspiking could be applied to counteract this decline. Our objective was to investigate the effects of double interspiking on flock fertility, testosterone concentrations, stress responses, and behavioral responses of broiler breeders in heat stressed environments. Two hundred and eighty-eight broiler breeder pullets and thirty-six broiler breeder roosters (Ross 708) were assigned to three groups at 21 weeks of age (WOA). All three groups were housed in slatted floor pens in which room temperature cycled from 23.8 to 30 C to mimic heat stressed environments. Double interspiking was carried out between two pens at 42 and 52 WOA. Beginning at 32 WOA, eggs were set every two weeks, candled at day 12, and percent fertility calculated. Concentrations of the hormones testosterone and corticosterone (CS) were measured by radioimmunoassays at specific time points in the experiment. Lymphocytes and heterophils were counted in order to calculate heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratios. Behavior was monitored with Panasonic video cameras which recorded video footage using the Noldus MPEG Recorder from 1900 hr to 2100 hr at specific time points. Recordings were analyzed, and frequency of specific behavioral responses of individual (preening, feather ruffling, wing flapping), male-to-male (fighting, pecking, retreating), and male-to-female (attempted and completed mating) behaviors were assessed. The introduction of unfamiliar roosters resulted in a fertility increase (P<0.01) between control and spiked birds after the first interspike and a sustainment of fertility levels after the second interspike. Testosterone concentrations declined (P<0.0001) from 1.95ng/mL to 0.11ng/mL as the birds aged. Corticosterone concentrations differed among bird groups and was elevated (P=.0333) for both groups that were interspiked. H:L ratios were also different among bird groups with all birds housed in the interspiked rooms showing higher ratios. Double interspiking increased the occurrence of male-to-male interactions, but there were no significant differences in male-to-female or individual behaviors. Regardless of treatment, there was a decrease in male-to-female behaviors as the birds aged. Double interspiking does show promise as a tool to increase fertility levels in a broiler breeder flock.

The parental stock of meat type chickens (broiler breeders) are commonly feed restricted to decrease their rapid growth and the issues associated with it. Among these birds, chronic hunger and stress are the most prominent welfare concerns and mass heterogeneity within flocks a major management challenge. The present study compared small and large broiler breeders of the same age within a flock, with the hypothesis that small birds would show signs of poorer welfare indicated by higher corticosterone concentration and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a consequence of higher experienced feed restriction due to competition. It also aimed to characterize morphometric differences between small and large birds within flocks as well as between birds on different feeding regimens; skip-a-day vs. every-day-fed. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio at 4 weeks was significantly higher in large birds compared to small birds, but corticosterone concentration did not differ. Relative mass of the upper gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and liver of small birds at 4 weeks of age were significantly larger, while relative muscle and gizzard fat mass were significantly lower compared to large birds. 12 weeks old skip-a-day fed birds largely followed the pattern of 4 weeks old small birds. In the present study, no clear signs of poorer welfare in small broiler breeders could be seen and the morphometric differences might suggest different ways to cope with feed competition. A larger gastrointestinal tract might indicate long-term investments and maybe that smaller broiler breeders, and skip-a-day fed birds, are better habituated to feed restriction.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de fontes e níveis de suplementação de selênio (Se) em dietas de aves reprodutoras pesadas sobre produção de ovo e a concentração de Se no conteúdo total do ovo. Foram utilizadas 50 reprodutoras Cobb 500 de 22 semanas, alojadas individualmente e alimentadas com dieta basal sem a suplementação de Se por três semanas. Após as aves receberam cinco tratamentos dietéticos com 10 repetições de uma ave cada, sendo compostos por selenito de sódio (inorgânico; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) e Zn-LSe- metionina (orgânico; ZnSeMet, 0,1% Se), como segue: T1- 0,15% inorgânico; T2- 0,30% inorgânico; T3- 0,15% orgânico; T4- 0,30% orgânico; T5- 0,15% inorgânico e 0,15% orgânico. Avaliações foram realizadas em dois períodos de 4 semanas. A produção de ovo e o peso do ovo foram diariamente registrados e a gravidade específica foi medida duas vezes por semana até o final do estudo. No primeiro período os animais alimentados com 0,30 ppm de Se orgânico apresentaram maior percentual de produção de ovo (P < 0,05), sendo que, no segundo período, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05). As avaliações entre os períodos apresentaram que o peso do ovo não foi diferente (P > 0,05), sendo que a gravidade específica foi menor no segundo período (P < 0,05) e a concentração de Se no ovo aumentou com o tempo de suplementação (P < 0,05), independentemente da fonte de Se suplementada. A comparação dos tratamentos que continham apenas uma única fonte de Se demonstrou que a concentração de Se no ovo foi maior com a suplementação do maior nível de ZnSeMet (P < 0,05). Entretanto, a suplementação com a combinação das fontes (Na2SeO3 e ZnSeMet) produziu similares concentrações de Se no ovo. O aumentou da dose de selenito de sódio de 0,15 para 0,30 ppm não foi acompanhado por um aumento da deposição de Se no ovo. / This study evaluated effects of sources and levels of Se in broiler breeder diets on egg production and Se concentration in eggs. Fifty Cobb 500 hens 22 wks of age were individually placed in steel cages and fed a basal diet without Se supplementation for 3 wks. Birds were then provided five dietary treatments with 10 replicates of one individual hen, which had dietary selenium supplied from sodium selenite (inorganic; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) and/or from Zn-LSe- methionine (organic; ZnSeMet, 0.1% Se) as follow: T1- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3; T2- 0.30% Se from Na2SeO3; T3- 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet; T4- 0.3ç0% Se from ZnSeMet; T5- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3 + 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet. Evaluations were conducted in two periods of 4 wks each. Experimental diets were prepared through the supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets. Egg production and egg weight were recorded daily, whereas specific gravity was measured twice a wk towards the end of the study. In the first period, the hens fed 0.30 ppm of organic Se produced more eggs (P < 0.05) whereas no difference (P > 0.05) in egg production was found in the second period. Period evaluations showed that egg weight was not different (P > 0.05), whereas specific gravity decreased (P < 0.05) and Se concentration in eggs increased (P < 0.05) in the second period, regardless of Se source. The comparison between treatments with single Se sources demonstrated that the concentration of Se in eggs was greater with the highest level of ZnSeMet (P <0.05) and, the supplementation of a combination of sources (Na2SeO3 and ZnSeMet) produced similar concentrations of Se in the egg (P <0.05). However, increasing the dose of sodium selenite from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm was not accompanied by increased deposition of Se in the egg.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 komiyama_cm_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2731486 bytes, checksum: f0ccba696b2148389d8d7f96334dc1d5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características de qualidades da carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte. Foram realizados três ensaios para se avaliar a qualidade da carne em final de ciclo produtivo. Todas as aves pertenciam a linhagem comercial Ross, procedentes de Uberlândia (MG) e Campo Verde (MT) com idade e peso médio de 479 dias e 3.971g, respectivamente. No Ensaio 1 foram coletados 120 peitos de matrizes em 6 coletas diferentes e avaliados os seguintes parâmetro: pH, cor, valor R, perda por gotejamento, capacidade de retenção de água e absorção de água, capacidade de emulsificação, perdas por cocção e força de cisalhamento. No Ensaio 2 foi realizado o teste sensorial da carne de peito de matrizes comparado a frangos de corte, sendo coletado 20 peitos de matrizes de descarte e 20 peitos de frangos de corte em abatedouro comercial. No Ensaio 3, foram avaliados a composição química, o teor de colesterol e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte. A carne de peito de matrizes apresentou valores médios do parâmetro valor de L* de 50,11. Para a capacidade de retenção, perda de peso por cozimento e força de cisalhamento, os valores médios foram 76,67, 17,92% e 4,94kgf/cm2 respectivamente. Na análise sensorial, a carne de matriz apresentou baixa intensidade de maciez (6,9), menor suculência (3,4) e mais elástica, borrachenta e difícil deglutição. A carne de matrizes apresentou percentagem de gordura, proteína, matéria seca, umidade, cinzas e colesterol de 1,39%, 24,26%, 27,71%, 72,29%, 1,42% e 72,59mg/100g, respectivamente. A carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte apresentou boas características de qualidade tecnológicas que possibilitam sua utilização como matéria-prima para a elaboração de industrializados. Além disso, apresentou composição química semelhante a da carne de frangos de corte, não possuindo altos... / This present aimed to evaluate the meat quality characterists of spent breeder hens. There were realized three trials to evaluate meat trait of spent breeder hens. All birds were Ross stain, from Uberlândia city (MG) and Campo Verde city (MT) with age and weigth average of 479 days and 3.971g, respectively. In trial 1, there were evaluated: pH, color, R value, drip loss, water holding capacity, water absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity, cooking loss and shear force. In trial 2, it was realized the sensory test using breast meat of breeder hens compared to broiler chicken, collecting 20 spent breeder hen breast and 20 broiler chicken breast cropped in commercial processing plant. In trial 3, there were evaluate the chemistry composition, cholesterol value and fatty acid profile of spent breeder hens meat. Breeder hens meat presented L* value means of 50.11. To water retention capacity, cooking loss and shear force, means values were 76.67, 17.92% e 4.94kgf/cm2, respectively. In sensory test, breeder hens meat presented low intensity tenderness (6.9), lower juiciness (3.4) and elasticier, rubber and difficult to swallow. Breeder hens meat presented percent of fatty, protein, dry material, humidity, material mineral and cholesterol of 1.39%, 24.26%, 27.71%, 72.29%, 1.42% e 72.59mg/100g, respectively. Broiler hen meat presented good technology quality characteristics that it can be possible to use as meat for industry elaborated. Besides, this meat present chemistry composition equal of the meat of broiler chicken, do not hold high value of fat and cholesterol, hence these meat can be consider a meat with healthy characteristics.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de fontes e níveis de suplementação de selênio (Se) em dietas de aves reprodutoras pesadas sobre produção de ovo e a concentração de Se no conteúdo total do ovo. Foram utilizadas 50 reprodutoras Cobb 500 de 22 semanas, alojadas individualmente e alimentadas com dieta basal sem a suplementação de Se por três semanas. Após as aves receberam cinco tratamentos dietéticos com 10 repetições de uma ave cada, sendo compostos por selenito de sódio (inorgânico; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) e Zn-LSe- metionina (orgânico; ZnSeMet, 0,1% Se), como segue: T1- 0,15% inorgânico; T2- 0,30% inorgânico; T3- 0,15% orgânico; T4- 0,30% orgânico; T5- 0,15% inorgânico e 0,15% orgânico. Avaliações foram realizadas em dois períodos de 4 semanas. A produção de ovo e o peso do ovo foram diariamente registrados e a gravidade específica foi medida duas vezes por semana até o final do estudo. No primeiro período os animais alimentados com 0,30 ppm de Se orgânico apresentaram maior percentual de produção de ovo (P < 0,05), sendo que, no segundo período, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05). As avaliações entre os períodos apresentaram que o peso do ovo não foi diferente (P > 0,05), sendo que a gravidade específica foi menor no segundo período (P < 0,05) e a concentração de Se no ovo aumentou com o tempo de suplementação (P < 0,05), independentemente da fonte de Se suplementada. A comparação dos tratamentos que continham apenas uma única fonte de Se demonstrou que a concentração de Se no ovo foi maior com a suplementação do maior nível de ZnSeMet (P < 0,05). Entretanto, a suplementação com a combinação das fontes (Na2SeO3 e ZnSeMet) produziu similares concentrações de Se no ovo. O aumentou da dose de selenito de sódio de 0,15 para 0,30 ppm não foi acompanhado por um aumento da deposição de Se no ovo. / This study evaluated effects of sources and levels of Se in broiler breeder diets on egg production and Se concentration in eggs. Fifty Cobb 500 hens 22 wks of age were individually placed in steel cages and fed a basal diet without Se supplementation for 3 wks. Birds were then provided five dietary treatments with 10 replicates of one individual hen, which had dietary selenium supplied from sodium selenite (inorganic; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) and/or from Zn-LSe- methionine (organic; ZnSeMet, 0.1% Se) as follow: T1- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3; T2- 0.30% Se from Na2SeO3; T3- 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet; T4- 0.3ç0% Se from ZnSeMet; T5- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3 + 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet. Evaluations were conducted in two periods of 4 wks each. Experimental diets were prepared through the supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets. Egg production and egg weight were recorded daily, whereas specific gravity was measured twice a wk towards the end of the study. In the first period, the hens fed 0.30 ppm of organic Se produced more eggs (P < 0.05) whereas no difference (P > 0.05) in egg production was found in the second period. Period evaluations showed that egg weight was not different (P > 0.05), whereas specific gravity decreased (P < 0.05) and Se concentration in eggs increased (P < 0.05) in the second period, regardless of Se source. The comparison between treatments with single Se sources demonstrated that the concentration of Se in eggs was greater with the highest level of ZnSeMet (P <0.05) and, the supplementation of a combination of sources (Na2SeO3 and ZnSeMet) produced similar concentrations of Se in the egg (P <0.05). However, increasing the dose of sodium selenite from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm was not accompanied by increased deposition of Se in the egg.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de fontes e níveis de suplementação de selênio (Se) em dietas de aves reprodutoras pesadas sobre produção de ovo e a concentração de Se no conteúdo total do ovo. Foram utilizadas 50 reprodutoras Cobb 500 de 22 semanas, alojadas individualmente e alimentadas com dieta basal sem a suplementação de Se por três semanas. Após as aves receberam cinco tratamentos dietéticos com 10 repetições de uma ave cada, sendo compostos por selenito de sódio (inorgânico; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) e Zn-LSe- metionina (orgânico; ZnSeMet, 0,1% Se), como segue: T1- 0,15% inorgânico; T2- 0,30% inorgânico; T3- 0,15% orgânico; T4- 0,30% orgânico; T5- 0,15% inorgânico e 0,15% orgânico. Avaliações foram realizadas em dois períodos de 4 semanas. A produção de ovo e o peso do ovo foram diariamente registrados e a gravidade específica foi medida duas vezes por semana até o final do estudo. No primeiro período os animais alimentados com 0,30 ppm de Se orgânico apresentaram maior percentual de produção de ovo (P < 0,05), sendo que, no segundo período, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05). As avaliações entre os períodos apresentaram que o peso do ovo não foi diferente (P > 0,05), sendo que a gravidade específica foi menor no segundo período (P < 0,05) e a concentração de Se no ovo aumentou com o tempo de suplementação (P < 0,05), independentemente da fonte de Se suplementada. A comparação dos tratamentos que continham apenas uma única fonte de Se demonstrou que a concentração de Se no ovo foi maior com a suplementação do maior nível de ZnSeMet (P < 0,05). Entretanto, a suplementação com a combinação das fontes (Na2SeO3 e ZnSeMet) produziu similares concentrações de Se no ovo. O aumentou da dose de selenito de sódio de 0,15 para 0,30 ppm não foi acompanhado por um aumento da deposição de Se no ovo. / This study evaluated effects of sources and levels of Se in broiler breeder diets on egg production and Se concentration in eggs. Fifty Cobb 500 hens 22 wks of age were individually placed in steel cages and fed a basal diet without Se supplementation for 3 wks. Birds were then provided five dietary treatments with 10 replicates of one individual hen, which had dietary selenium supplied from sodium selenite (inorganic; Na2SeO3, 45% Se) and/or from Zn-LSe- methionine (organic; ZnSeMet, 0.1% Se) as follow: T1- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3; T2- 0.30% Se from Na2SeO3; T3- 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet; T4- 0.3ç0% Se from ZnSeMet; T5- 0.15% Se from Na2SeO3 + 0.15% Se from ZnSeMet. Evaluations were conducted in two periods of 4 wks each. Experimental diets were prepared through the supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets. Egg production and egg weight were recorded daily, whereas specific gravity was measured twice a wk towards the end of the study. In the first period, the hens fed 0.30 ppm of organic Se produced more eggs (P < 0.05) whereas no difference (P > 0.05) in egg production was found in the second period. Period evaluations showed that egg weight was not different (P > 0.05), whereas specific gravity decreased (P < 0.05) and Se concentration in eggs increased (P < 0.05) in the second period, regardless of Se source. The comparison between treatments with single Se sources demonstrated that the concentration of Se in eggs was greater with the highest level of ZnSeMet (P <0.05) and, the supplementation of a combination of sources (Na2SeO3 and ZnSeMet) produced similar concentrations of Se in the egg (P <0.05). However, increasing the dose of sodium selenite from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm was not accompanied by increased deposition of Se in the egg.