The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden study's (OLIN) overall aim is prevention of obstructive airways diseases; asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first part of the OLIN study was a cross- sectional study in three phases, which aimed to estimate the prevalence obstructive lung diseases and to collect data on possible determinants of diseases. This thesis is based on the first part of the OLIN study, and on a postal survey mainly performed in order to evaluate the external validity of the first part of the project Aims: * To assess the prevalences of asthma, chronic bronchitis and respiratory symptoms in adults. * To compare the influence of various diagnostic criteria on prevalence. * To identify subjects with obstructive lung diseases, in particular asthma, for case-referent and prospective longitudinal studies. * To examine whether the trend towards an increase in the prevalence of asthma persists. * Study factors that may influence the development of obstructive lung diseases; age, gender, smoking habit, occupation, socio-economic group, population density and area of domicile. The first part of the OLIN study consisted of three phases. A postal questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms and diseases, smoking habit and profession was sent to all subjects aged 35-36 y, 50-51 y and 65-66 y (n=6,610) living in eight representative areas of Sweden's northernmost province; 86% completed the questionnaire. Those reporting symptoms suspicious of asthma or chronic bronchitis (n=l,340), together with a stratified sample (n=315) of those not suspected of having the diseases according to the postal questionnaire, were invited to structured interviews and lung function tests. The prevalence of asthma, 5- 6% according to both the postal questionnaire and to the structured interview, prompted a validity study, which included bronchial provocation tests. While the prevalence remained unchanged, the validity study better identified the subjects with asthma and chronic bronchitis, thus improving the representativeness of the subjects with the diseases. In 1992, the study base was expanded by a postal questionnaire study which included 20/489 subjects 20-69 y in order to assess whether the prevalence had changed, to create possibilities to estimate the incidence, and to be better able to detect determinants of diseases. The results show that the prevalence of asthma in adults in 1992 was 7-8% according to postal questionnaire and was considerably higher, approximately 10%, in young adults. Further, the prevalence of asthma in 1986-1987 in subjects aged 35-36 y, 50-51 y and 65-66 y was 5% by using a combination of epidemiological and clinical methods. Various operational criteria yielded a prevalence of 4-7%. Between 1986 and 1992 the prevalence of asthma in these age groups increased with 1% according to the postal questionnaire. Chronic bronchitis in subjects aged 35-36 y was 3% in 1986-1987. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis increased with age, particularly in men. The mean prevalence in the three age groups 35-36 y, 50-51 y and 65-66 y was 12% in men and 8% in women. Chronic bronchitis was strongly associated with smoking, age and a family history of obstructive airways disease. Regarding socioeconomic group chronic bronchitis was related to manual workers in industry and to self- employed other than professionals, and it was particularly common in miners and in those employed in agriculture. The strongest risk factor for asthma was a family history of asthma, and asthma was more common in manual workers in service, in non-manual assistant employees as well as in farmers. The results also indicate the presence of an urban factor in asthma in northern Sweden, in spite of the fact that respiratory symptoms in general tended to be more common in the colder interior of the province compared with the coastal area. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 7 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

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Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Tierärztl. Hochsch., Diss., 2004--Hannover.

Orientadores: Clarice Weis Arns, Helena Lage Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martini_MatheusCavalheiro_D.pdf: 16763908 bytes, checksum: 65c4aed6451181f383a10560fce87e51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa (VBI), pertencente à família Coronaviridae, é um importante patógeno à sanidade e fatores econômicos da produção avícola no Brasil e no mundo. O VBI possui múltiplos sorotipos e o frequente surgimento de novas variantes é um dos principais problemas relacionados a este vírus. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a investigação experimental da patogênese de um isolado de pombo (Columba/Brazil/2007/Unicamp/67T), caracterizado molecularmente pelo gene S1 como VBI sorotipo Massachusetts, e seus efeitos in vivo, em galinhas e camundongos. O presente estudo foi dividido em duas partes, na primeira um grupo de aves "specific pathogen free" (SPF) foi inoculado pela via óculo-nasal com a amostra viral proveniente de pombo. Os animais, de um dia de vida, foram sacrificados nos dias 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias pós-inoculação (dpi). Foram coletados suabes de traqueia, seio nasal e cloaca, além de órgãos como pulmão, íleo, pró-ventrículo (coletado entre 7 e 21 dpi), rim, tonsilas cecais (coletada a partir de 4dpi) e testículos (coletado a partir de 5 dpi). Sinais clínicos respiratórios como espirros, estertores, corrimento nasal, além de letargia, diarreia e perda de coordenação foram observados principalmente no 5dpi. A inibição da atividade ciliar ocorreu concomitantemente ao pico de sinais clínicos das aves. Foi analisado tropismo tecidual, através da quantidade de RNA viral detectado, pelo trato digestório. Os maiores títulos de RNA viral foram detectados na tonsila cecal, seguida pelo íleo (ambos no 5dpi) e cloaca (no 2dpi). Além disso, houve detecção de RNA viral no rim e trato respiratório, com maior título de RNA viral na traqueia. Os órgãos que apresentaram maiores danos teciduais através do exame histopatológico foram o rim, íleo e traqueia (todos no 5dpi). Por fim, as aves inoculadas com a amostra do VBI oriundo de pombo produziram anticorpos entre os dias 14 e 21dpi, detectados no soro destes animais através do ELISA. Na segunda parte do trabalho, a capacidade de replicação de diferentes variantes do VBI em camundongos foi avaliada. Para tanto, camundongos das linhagens Balb/C e A/J foram inoculados pela via nasal com duas amostras do sorotipo Massachussets (Mass) e com a variante brasileira (BR-I), e sacrificados no 3, 10 e 14 dpi. Não foram observados sinais clínicos nem lesões macroscópicas graves. O RNA viral foi detectado em todos os órgãos coletados, sendo os principais órgãos de replicação o seio nasal e pulmão (no 3dpi) para os camundongos da linhagem A/J e pulmão e duodeno (ambos no 3dpi) na linhagem de camundongos Balb/C, nos quais os títulos virais detectados foram mais altos. Pneumonia intersticial, edema e infiltrado mononuclear foram as principais alterações histopatológicas observadas no 3dpi em camundongos inoculados com as diferentes variantes. A presença da nucleoproteína viral, pela imunohistoquímica, foi detectada no duodeno, traqueia e pulmão de camundongos no 3dpi nas duas linhagens de camundongos. Os anticorpos contra o coronavírus aviário foram detectados somente no 3dpi. Assim, os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que a variante Massachussets, com origem de pombo, causa a doença clínica em aves comerciais não vacinadas e pode replicar em modelo mamífero por um curto período de tempo, ressaltando a importância da vacinação e o papel potencial dos roedores como possível reservatório e carreador do vírus / Abstract: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to the family Coronaviridae is an important pathogen to sanity and economics of poultry production in Brazil and worldwide. The VBI has multiple serotypes and the frequent emergence of new variants is one of the main problems related to this virus. This work aims to experimentally investigate the pathogenesis of pigeon sample (Columba/Brazil/2007/Unicamp/67T), molecularly characterized by S1 gene as IBV Massachusetts serotype, and its effects in vivo in chickens and mice. This study was divided into two parts. In the first part, a group of birds "specific pathogen free" (SPF) was inoculated by oculo-nasal route with the viral sample from pigeon. The animals with one-day-old, were sacrificed on 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi). Tracheal swabs, nasal sinus and cloaca were collected, and organs such as lung, ileum, pro-ventricular (collected between 7 and 21dpi), kidney, caecal tonsils (collected from 4dpi) and testes (collected from 5 dpi). Clinical signs such as sneezing, rales, nasal discharge, lethargy, diarrhea, and loss of coordination were observed mainly in the 5dpi. Inhibition of ciliary activity occurred concomitantly with the peak of clinical signs of birds. Tissue tropism was analyzed by the amount of viral RNA detected by the gastrointestinal tract. The higher titers of viral RNA were detected in the cecal tonsil, followed by the ileum (both in 5dpi) and cloaca (in 2dpi). In addition, viral RNA was detected in the kidney and respiratory tract, with highest titer of viral RNA in the trachea. The organs that showed severe tissue damage by histopathology were the kidney, ileum and trachea (all in 5dpi). Finally, the birds inoculated with the sample originated from IBV Pigeon produced antibodies between 14 and 21dpi, detected in the serum of these animals by ELISA. In the second part, the replication capacity of different variants of IBV in mice was evaluated. For this, mice of strains BALB/C and A/J were inoculated intranasally with two strains of Massachusetts (Mass) serotype and the Brazilian variant (BR-I), and sacrificed at 3, 10 and 14 dpi. No clinical signs or severe macroscopic lesions were observed. The viral RNA was detected in all organs collected, higher tittles were detected on sinus and lung (in 3dpi) for mice of strain A/J and on lung and duodenum (both in 3dpi) in the line of Balb/C; in this line the viral titles were higher than the strain A/J. Interstitial pneumonia, edema and mononuclear cell infiltration were the main histopathological changes observed in 3dpi in inoculated mice with different variants. The presence of viral nucleoprotein, immunohistochemistry was detected in the duodenum, trachea and lungs of mice in 3dpi in both mice strains. Antibodies against avian coronaviruses have been detected only in 3dpi. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that the Massachusetts variant, originating from pigeon, cause clinical disease in commercial poultry unvaccinated and can replicate in mammalian model for a short period of time, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and the potential role of rodents as possible reservoir and the carrier virus / Doutorado / Microbiologia / Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular

This study concerned itself with planned teaching, based on principles of adult education, as a component of the rehabilitation of patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The need for teaching in this area has been recognized, but as yet not researched. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the teaching intervention, conducted in groups and on a one-to-one basis, would affect the patient's ability to recognize and treat his disease symptoms. The null hypothesis was tested: there is no significant difference in the patient's ability to recognize and treat disease symptoms after he has participated in a teaching program as compared to his ability to recognize and treat disease symptoms before participating in such a program. Using two rehabilitation facilities in large metropolitan hospitals, all patients accepted for the rehabilitation programs over a four-month period were asked to participate in the study. Ultimately, twenty patients made up the study group. Patients were instructed in diary-keeping skills and given one diary per week for four weeks before they began the rehabilitation program. These diaries were reviewed on a weekly basis with the researcher. After the patients had participated in the teaching program they were again given diaries (one per week for eight weeks) which were reviewed weekly with the researcher. The patients were asked to describe each day as being a good (comfortable) day or a bad (uncomfortable) day, to record the presence of any symptoms that they experienced, and to record any activities or treatments that they used to make themselves more comfortable. Twelve symptoms and eleven treatments were under consideration. The symptoms and treatments were divided into before and after categories and analyzed using the t ratio for non-independent groups. The results of the analysis lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis with p=0.05, indicating that patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema were better able to cope with their illnesses after the teaching intervention. The study recommends that health care facilities establish teaching programs for patients with these illnesses, and that nurses assume greater involvement and responsiblity for teaching patients. The study concludes with recommendations for further investigation. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Orientador: Helio José Montassier / Banca: Ricardo luiz Moro de Sousa / Banca: Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho / Banca: Cintia Hiromi Okino / Banca: Marcos Rogério André / Resumo: A bronquite infecciosa (BI) é uma doença altamente contagiosa que acomete o trato respiratório e urogenital de aves comerciais e que é causada pelo vírus da bronquite infecciosa (VBI) resultando em grandes perdas econômicas para a indústria avícola em todo o mundo. No presente estudo, foram obtidos três isolados de VBI de um lote matrizes de produção rotineiramente vacinado contra BI, em três diferentes idades, sendo que essas aves revelaram-se persistentemente infectadas com o VBI pelo período de 65 semanas em que foram avaliadas. Para tanto, foi realizada para esses três isolados do VBI uma análise molecular e filogenética da região S1 do gene que codifica a glicoproteína da espícula (S) e também foram caracterizadas a antigenicidade, a virulência e o tropismo tecidual através da infecção experimental em pintos livres de patógenos específicos (SPF) e de aves sentinelas, que foram colocadas em contato com as aves experimentalmente infectadas para avaliar o potencial de disseminação destes isolados de VBI. Os resultados revelaram que os três isolados do VBI são geneticamente próximos e sorologicamente relacionados, sendo classificados após a análise filogenética na linhagem 11 do genótipo I (GI-11), anteriormente denominada de genótipo BR-I, além de que esses vírus demonstraram maior tropismo e lesões renais. Foram observadas poucas diferenças em relação à patogenicidade para a traquéia e rins, que podem estar associadas a mutações que ocorreram no gene S1 destes isolados du... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease that affects the respiratory and urogenital tract of commercial birds and is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), resulting in major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In the present study, three isolates of VBI were obtained at three different ages from one set of broiler breeders that were vaccinated against IBV according to a routine protocol, and was persistently infected with IBV for the 65 weeks. A molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 region of the gene coding for the spike glycoprotein (S) was performed for these three isolates. In addition, antigenicity, virulence and tissue tropism were also characterized by experimental infection of specific pathogen free chicks (SPF) and sentinel birds, which were used to assess the potential for dissemination of these IBV isolates. The results showed that the three IBV isolates are genetically and serologically close related, and after phylogenetic analysis they were classified in the BR-I genotype. In addition, these viruses demonstrated greater tropism and lesions for kidneys. There were few differences in pathogenicity for tracheal and renal tissues of experimental infected birds, and these differences may be associated with mutations that occurred in the S1 gene of these isolates during persistent infection. The three IBV isolates from persistently infected broiler breeders retained their ability to infect sentinel birds by contact and caused similar clinical and pathological changes in these birds. In conclusion, IBV isolates of BR genotype I are continuously evolving during the productive cycle of persistent infected broiler breeders, causing outbreaks that are not impeded by the current vaccination program with Massachusetts vaccine strains. In addition, the genetic alteratio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Jack Gelb, Dept. of Animal & Food Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

Kvėpavimas yra kūno egzistencijos ir gyvastingumo pagrindas, kuris padeda palaikyti dujų apykaita tarp organizmo ir aplinkos (Adaškevičienė, 2008). Grinienė, Vaitkauskas (2009), Kriščiūnas (2009), Andžiulis ir kt. (1999) savo knygose kvėpavimo pratimus išskiria kaip itin veiksmingą būdą, gydant kvėpavimo takų ligas. Bakalauro darbe, analizuojama specialių kvėpavimo pratimų programos poveikis vaikams, sergantiems bronchitu. Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti specialių kvėpavimo pratimų programos poveikį 14-17 metų vaikams, sergantiems bronchitu. Tyrimui atskleisti buvo iškelti šie tikslai: apžvelgti kvėpavimo pratimų svarbą vaikams sergantiems bronchitu, remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, taikant Štangės, Henšo ir krūtinės ląstos paslankumo testus ištirti ir palyginti eksperimentinės ir kontrolinės grupės vaikų plaučių funkcinį pajėgumą prieš ir po kineziterapijos taikymo, ištirti ir palyginti vaikų eksperimentines ir kontrolines grupes, ištestuoti ir įvertinti pilvo bei liemens šonų raumenų jėgą prieš ir po specialių kvėpavimo pratimų programos taikymo, taip nustatant eksperimento poveikį bei naudą vaikams. Tyrime dalyvavo trisdešimt Palangos vaikų reabilitacijos sanatorijos ,,Palangos Gintaras‘‘ 14-17 metų vaikai, sergantys bronchitu. Sudarytos dvi grupės - eksperimentinė ir kontrolinė, kuriose vaikų skaičius paskirstytas vienodai. Eksperimentinėje grupėje reikėjo išsiaiškinti specialių kvėpavimo pratimų poveikį pilvo, liemens šonų raumenų jėgą, plaučių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Breathing is bodily existence’s and vitality basis. The aim of the work is to disclose specific breathing exercise program’s effects to 14-17 years - old children who are sick with bronchitis. To reveal the research goals were risen: to review breathing exercises importance to adolescent who have bronchitis basing on scientific literature analysis; applying Štangės, Henšo and thorax flexibility tests to examine and compare experimental and control group children’s lung functional capacity before and after physiotherapy application; to test and rate stomach and torso side muscles strength before and after specific breathing exercises program’s application in that way setting experiment’s effect and benefits for children. In this research thirty Palangos rehabilitation sanatorium “Palangos Gintaras” patients participated. It was 14-17 years’ old teenagers, who are sick with bronchitis. There was made two kind of groups: experimental and control in which the numbers of kids were the same. In experimental group it was needed to reveal specific breathing exercises effects on stomach, torso side muscles strength, lungs functional possibilities, thorax flexibility. In experimental group breathing exercises has been adapted two times per day. In control group ordinary physiotherapy activities happened. Research results revealed experiment effect statistically processed results were clearly seen, of the respiratory exercise program had a... [to full text]