Unter dem Eindruck einer zunehmenden Einengung finanzieller Spielräume entwickelt die öffentliche Hand Strategien zur Haushaltskonsolidierung, die über den Einsatz des Neuen Steuerungsmodells hinausgehen. Eine zentrale Bedeutung im Rahmen der Verwaltungsoptimierung nehmen aufgaben- und organisationskritische Ansätze ein. Letztgenannte umfassen Überlegungen, wie durch eine Ablösung hergebrachter behördlicher Strukturen nachhaltige Entlastungseffekte ausgelöst werden können. Das Organisationsrecht kennt hierfür auf allen Verwaltungsebenen grundsätzlich zahlreiche Ausgestaltungen von der Beleihung Privater Dritter über Beteiligungsgesellschaften, Anstalten oder Stiftungen bis hin zu Regiebetrieben. Die verbleibenden Möglichkeiten einer Einflussnahme durch Politik und Verwaltung gestalten sich. Im Interesse einer hinreichenden Steuerung durch politische und administrative Leitungsinstanzen erfahren Landesbetriebe nach § 26 der Landeshaushaltsordnungen in den letzten Jahren in vielen Landesverwaltungen eine Renaissance. Obgleich die betreffende Ermächtigung seit 1969 im Haushaltsrecht verankert ist und bereits Gegenstand der Reichshaushaltsordnung war, liegen kaum systematisierte Erkenntnisse über den Einsatz dieser Organisationsform vor. In den Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungswissenschaften finden sich praktisch keine über den Wortlaut des Gesetzes und hierzu kaum ergangene Verwaltungsvorschriften hinausgehenden Hilfestellungen. Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Modell „Landesbetrieb nach § 26 LHO“, indem sie damit verbundene Entwicklungspotenziale für ein betriebswirtschaftliches Handeln und Rahmenbedingungen seines Einsatzes beleuchtet. Sie stellt den Landesbetrieb dabei in ein Verhältnis zu Behörden, welche unter Anwendung von Elementen des Neuen Steuerungsmodells geführt werden und privatrechtlich ausgestalteten Unternehmen. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt eine vertiefte empirische Untersuchung der Landesbetriebe im amtlichen Geoinformationswesen, welche eine breite Aufgabenpalette aufweisen. Die in diesem Rahmen vollzogene Primäranalyse wird im Interesse einer Verbreiterung der Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse ergänzt um ausgewählte Sekundäranalysen zur praktischen Ausgestaltung weiterer Landesbetriebe insbesondere in den Bereichen Bau- und Liegenschaftsmanagement, Mess- und Eichwesen und der Datenverarbeitung. Ergänzend zu den deskriptiven Darstellungen der empirischen Betrachtung werden normative Betrachtungen für die einzelnen betriebswirtschaftlichen Funktionalbereiche vorgenommen soweit hier spezifische Problemstellungen in der Praxis der Landesbetriebe bekannt geworden sind. Im Ergebnis kommt die Arbeit zu der Erkenntnis, dass Landesbetriebe ein Entwicklungspotenzial über das Neue Steuerungsmodell hinaus bergen, dieses aber weniger als erwartet im Bereich der Finanzwirtschaft und damit in der tatsächlichen Haushaltskonsolidierung liegt, als vielmehr in der strukturellen Optimierung der Verhältnisse zwischen, Betriebsleitung, Kunden sowie administrativer und politischer Spitze und der Gestaltungsräume der einzelnen Akteure. / Due to a lack of financial flexibility the public sector develops strategies of budget consolidation, which go beyond the implementation of New Public Management. Doing this there is a focus on optimization by task and organisational criticism. Concerning organisational criticism this includes considerations, how it is possible to reach financial ease by replacing former official structures. Organisational law knows different possibilities on the administrative levels of the states and municipalities with different opportunities of influence by political and administrative leadership. In this context public utilities like mentioned in § 26 of budget laws became more and more important in the last years. Although they are known as an organisational option for years now, there is a lack of experience and systematic knowledge on this kind of administrative units. The dissertation lays emphasis on the possibilities of developing economic usage in these units and necessary or practised general conditions for their implementation. Public utilities in the sense of § 26 of budget laws are compared to authorities lead by the principles of New Public Management and private enterprises. There is at first an empirical examination of these kind of units established in the field of geodetic survey and spatial data, because of their broad spectrum of different kinds of tasks by primary analysis. It is completed by a sec-ondary analysis of practicism in further public utilities being responsible for example for real estate management, measuring and adjusting or technological infrastructures. The descriptive parts are supplemented by normative considerations on special economical, legal and organisational aspects in these public utilities like they are seen or known by affected people involved in the change from authorities to public utilities. As a result it is emphazised, that public utilities in the sense of § 26 of budget laws offer potencials for development going further than authorities lead by the principles of New Public Management. Never the less it is not the field of finance but organisation and steering, where the most important possibilities of structural redesign have to be seen. This concerns mostly the relationship between management, customers, stakeholder and politician or administrative leadership as far as flexibility of each individual participants.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as principais questões relacionadas à efetivação pelo Poder Judiciário do direito social a saúde. Serão analisados na primeira parte do trabalho os direitos sociais fundamentais e o mínimo existencial, no qual se inclui o direito à saúde, abordando-se a importância dada pela Constituição Federal a tal direito e sua regulamentação infraconstitucional, com destaque para a organização do Estado e as fontes de recursos. Após se demonstrar a importância do direito à saúde como direito social fundamental, será estudada na segunda parte do trabalho a escassez de recursos para o atendimento de todas as necessidades da população, abordando-se o conceito de reserva do possível e a relevância das leis orçamentárias para o alcance as prioridades sociais. Por fim, será demonstrada a legitimidade e necessidade de ingerência do Poder Judiciário na concretização do direito à saúde, destacando-se as posições doutrinárias e decisões judiciais que buscam alcançar o equilíbrio entre o atendimento de tal direito fundamental, o reconhecimento da limitação de recursos e a valorização do orçamento público. / The present work aims to study the main issues related to the implementation by the judiciary of the social right to health. In the first part of the work, it will be analyzed the fundamental social rights and the existential minimum, which includes the right to health, addressing the importance given by the Federal Constitution to such law and its regulations infra, with emphasis on the Organization of the State and the sources of funds. After demonstrating the importance of the right to health as a fundamental social right, in the second part of the work it will be studied the scarcity of resources for the care of all the needs of the population, addressing the concept of reservation is possible and the relevance of budget laws to achieve social priorities. Finally, the legitimacy and necessity of interference of the judiciary in the realization of the right to health will be demonstrated, emphasizing doctrinal positions and judicial decisions that seek to achieve a balance between the availability of such a fundamental right, the recognition of the limitation of resources and the enhancement of the public budget.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as principais questões relacionadas à efetivação pelo Poder Judiciário do direito social a saúde. Serão analisados na primeira parte do trabalho os direitos sociais fundamentais e o mínimo existencial, no qual se inclui o direito à saúde, abordando-se a importância dada pela Constituição Federal a tal direito e sua regulamentação infraconstitucional, com destaque para a organização do Estado e as fontes de recursos. Após se demonstrar a importância do direito à saúde como direito social fundamental, será estudada na segunda parte do trabalho a escassez de recursos para o atendimento de todas as necessidades da população, abordando-se o conceito de reserva do possível e a relevância das leis orçamentárias para o alcance as prioridades sociais. Por fim, será demonstrada a legitimidade e necessidade de ingerência do Poder Judiciário na concretização do direito à saúde, destacando-se as posições doutrinárias e decisões judiciais que buscam alcançar o equilíbrio entre o atendimento de tal direito fundamental, o reconhecimento da limitação de recursos e a valorização do orçamento público. / The present work aims to study the main issues related to the implementation by the judiciary of the social right to health. In the first part of the work, it will be analyzed the fundamental social rights and the existential minimum, which includes the right to health, addressing the importance given by the Federal Constitution to such law and its regulations infra, with emphasis on the Organization of the State and the sources of funds. After demonstrating the importance of the right to health as a fundamental social right, in the second part of the work it will be studied the scarcity of resources for the care of all the needs of the population, addressing the concept of reservation is possible and the relevance of budget laws to achieve social priorities. Finally, the legitimacy and necessity of interference of the judiciary in the realization of the right to health will be demonstrated, emphasizing doctrinal positions and judicial decisions that seek to achieve a balance between the availability of such a fundamental right, the recognition of the limitation of resources and the enhancement of the public budget.