The products The Company manufactures are used in an area of the industry where errors leading to a stop in production can be quite expensive. Therefore are testing of the products important and the tests can also give indications about the quality of the products. The Company is in a phase where they are developing a new product line to support all existing and future products. In this phase, it was decided that all products will use a common framework for unit testing and a common build system for all products. One part of the thesis was to investigate and evaluate different frameworks for unit testing and tools for a build system. The unit test framework that were evaluated are Cppunit, cfix, NUnit, Boost test library, Unit Testing++ and CxxTest. The result of the evaluation was that CppUnit were recommended. For the build system MSBuild, NAnt, Automated Build Studio and Cruise Control .NET were evaluated. The recommended tools for a build system is MSBuild in combination with Cruise Control .Net if The Company is interested in the functionality Cruise Control .Net has to offer. The Company also has an interest in evaluating the current test processes and identify improvements as a part of The Company’ s objective were all products should follow a common test process. In order to identify these improvements a literature study of four test process improvement frameworks (Test Process Improvement, Test Maturity Model Integrated, Minimal Test Practice Framework and Test Improvement Model) were carried out. Out of these four frameworks Test Process Improvement (TPI) were chosen to assist when identifying improvements. With the help of TPI a limited assessment took place to give indications about the test maturity for three of The Company’s products where two of the products had low maturity. Results of the improvement measures can be summed up with the need to harmonize the documents, standardize and document the various processes. As a last part of the thesis the possibility to automate testing of two of the products graphical user interfaces with the program Test Complete were investigated. For one of the products the result was that it worked satisfactorily and for the other product it did not work at all. This resulted in recommendations for how The Company should proceed with automated testing of the graphical user interface. / De produkter som företaget tillverkar används i huvudsak inom ett område av branschen där fel som leder till stopp i produktionen kan vara ganska dyrt. Detta gör testning av produkterna viktiga och tester kan också ge indikationer om kvaliteten på produkterna. Företaget är i en fas där man utvecklar en ny produktlinje som ska stödja alla befintliga och framtida produkter. I denna fas har man beslutat att alla produkterna ska använda ett gemensant ramverk för enhetstestning och även använda ett gemensamt byggsystem för samtliga produkter. En del av examensarbetet var att undersöka och utvärdera olika ramverk för enhets testning och verktyg för byggsystem. De ramverk som utvärderades var CppUnit, cfix, NUnit, Boost test library, unitTest++ och CxxTest. Utvärderingen ledde fram till att CppUnit rekommenderades till företaget. Verktyg som utvärderades för byggsystem var MSBuild, NAnt, Automated Build Studio och Cruise Control .Net. För byggsystem rekommenderas MSBuild i kombination med Cruise Control .Net ifall företaget är intresserade av den extra funktionalitet som Cruise Control .Net har att erbjuda. Företaget har även ett intresse av att utvärdera den nuvarande testprocessen och identifiera förbättringar som ett led i att befintliga produkter skall följa en gemensam testprocess. För att kunna identifiera dessa förbättringar utfördes en litteraturstudie över fyra stycken test process förbättrings ramverk (Test Process Improvent, Test Maturity Model integrated, Minimal Test Practice Framework och Test Improvement Model). Utav dessa fyra ramverk så valdes Test Process Improvement (TPI) ut som en hjälp för att identifiera förbättringar. Med hjälp av TPI utfördes en begränsad bedömning av företagets mogenhetsgrad på tre produkter, där två av produkterna har en låg mogenhetsgrad. Resultat av förbättringsåtgärderna kan sammanfattas med att man bör harmonisera dokument, standardisera och dokumentera olika processer. Som en sista del i examensarbetet så utvärderades möjligheten att automatisera testning på två av produkternas grafiska användargränssnitt med programmet TestComplete. För en av produkterna blev resultatet att det fungerade tillfredställande och för den andra produkten så fungerade det inte alls. Resultatet blev rekommendationer för hur företaget borde gå vidare med automatisering av testnig på det grafiska användargränssnittet.

Concerns about anthropogenic climate change, fossil fuel depletion, energy security, and damage to our ecosystems are acting as a catalyst for action in many sectors of industry and society. One key sector which has been identified as crucial for addressing these issues is the building sector. Therefore, in the UK context, with the aim of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the requirements for new homes in terms of their energy efficiency are becoming ever more stringent, leading to the introduction of the zero carbon homes standard from 2016. Alongside this, broader priorities for sustainable development have been established in the UK, with a focus on the creation of sustainable communities. These are communities which support the diverse needs of residents and provide a good quality of life whilst protecting the natural environment. The literature suggests that the volume housebuilding sector is failing to meet housing demand in terms of either quantity or quality. Furthermore, it is apparent that the sector is failing to respond to voluntary stimuli for the delivery of zero carbon homes. Thus, it is with an overall aim of supporting the delivery of zero carbon homes and sustainable communities that this thesis has been undertaken. The UK Government suggested in 2011 that self-build homes, in which the occupant is involved in either building or commissioning the home, are more likely to be affordable, energy efficient and innovative than open market housing. Self-build housing accounts for only around 10% of new homes built in the UK, and group self-build is a small proportion of this. The UK Government has an aspiration to double the size of the self-build sector, with an expansion in the group self-build sector, over the decade to 2021. Literature on the self-build sector is limited, and that on the group self-build sector even more so. Indeed, gaps in knowledge in terms of the motivations for and benefits of group self-build exist. There are also gaps in knowledge in terms of the barriers to group self-building and ways in which the expansion of the sector could be best supported. Furthermore, existing literature on drivers for and barriers to zero carbon homebuilding is limited and fails to gather opinions from the broad range of professionals involved in the delivery of new homes. With the aim of addressing these gaps in knowledge, three complementary studies were conducted with an element of focus on the region of Cornwall, in South West England. With the aim of exploring opinions of professionals involved in the delivery of new homes regarding zero carbon homebuilding, a series of 34 semi-structured interviews was undertaken within the first study (Perceptions of zero carbon homebuilding). The second study was undertaken with the aim of investigating professional and expert opinions on the suitability of group self-build as a development model for zero carbon homes and sustainable communities (Self-build perceptions). This investigation employed the Policy Delphi method, an iterative, non-contact group research process in which data was gathered from participants through three rounds of online questionnaire surveys. This second study was formed of two concurrent studies; one employed a panel of national participants within England, the other a panel of regional participants within South West England. The third and final study aimed to explore the experience-based opinions of group self-builders through a series of 11 in-depth interviews (Group self-build reflections). The three studies are presented independently. However, each subsequent study is built upon the knowledge gained in the previous study. Within the final chapter of the thesis, the results are brought together and triangulated through a consideration of how the findings coalesce to cast light on the three central concepts of zero carbon homes, sustainable communities, and group self-build housing. The findings from this research identify and elucidate a number of themes of drivers for and barriers to zero carbon homebuilding. Themes of drivers include: legislative, economic, social responsibility, individual, and industry. Themes of barriers include: economic, skills and knowledge, industry, legislative, and cultural. Multiple potential support mechanisms for the delivery of zero carbon homes were also identified. The findings highlight the need for a cultural shift in the housebuilding industry, reducing the over-reliance on volume housebuilders. A broad range of benefits and motivations for group self-building have been identified and explored. However, whilst a strong appetite for environmentally sustainable development amongst group self-builders is established, this research casts some doubt on the central assertion that group self-build homes will be more energy efficient than speculatively built homes. Differences between the individual and group self-build sector were exposed both in terms of the motivations and the barriers faced. This thesis demonstrates how the benefits of group self-build housing serve to help create sustainable communities, and how they also serve to address some of the barriers to zero carbon homebuilding. The findings of this research demonstrate that group self-build housing offers a significant number of potential benefits towards the delivery of zero carbon homes and the creation of sustainable communities.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of Optimization of Public Procurement Process from the Perspective of Specific Contracting Authority. The thesis introduces the main contracting authority problems based on the analysis of concrete public procurement and an interview with Town Hall staff. Next there are described the main differences between the current and previous Public Procurement Law and the method Design - Build is presented.

This thesis deals with implementation of continuous integration for build system Copr. The implementation uses framework Citool and its modules, which are already used for continuous integration of build system Koji. The outcome system can run the tests for the new package from the build system Copr and test it on virtual machine. This thesis shows way how to implement continuous integration for build system Copr.

No description available.

Denna rapport utreder möjligheterna att använda restprodukter som ljudisolering i lägenhetsskiljande mellanbjälklag av trä med spännvidd 6 m. Ett steg mot att uppfylla Sveriges byggindustris nollvision för koldioxidutsläpp är att bygga mer i trä och att återanvända/återvinna restprodukter. Det svenska entreprenadföretaget Skanska har vid sina krossanläggningar ett överskott av material i form av bergkross 0 - 0,2 mm och krossad restbetong. I denna rapport har en prototyp av ett träbjälklag tagits fram med influenser från byggtekniken från sekelskiftet 1800–1900 med avseende på nyttjandet av tung fyllningsmassa som ljudisolering i träbjälklag. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen uppfyller de krav som ställts i BBR efter dimensionering enligt Eurokoderna med hänsyn till brand, hållfasthet, svikt och nedböjning. Enligt en simulering i SEAWood, ett verktyg för akustiksimulering som är under utveckling vid RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, uppfylls även kraven på ljudisolering, detta stöds av de analyser som gjorts av mätresultat från liknande bjälklag. Fyllningsmaterialets höga vikt medför att prototypen är ett lågfrekvent bjälklag, detta kombinerat med att simuleringen endast är en indikation på ljudisoleringsegenskaper gör att det kommer krävas praktiska tester för att fastställa prototypens ljudisolerande och dynamiska egenskaper. Den framtagna bjälklagsprototypen är lämplig att prefabricera tack vare en konstruktion med få ingående delar. Att prefabricera bjälklaget har utöver de ekonomiska fördelar det medför stora fördelar ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv och är även fördelaktigt ur fuktsynpunkt. För att uppskatta bjälklagets miljöpåverkan gjordes en enklare jämförelse med ett prefabricerat betongbjälklag som visade att utsläppen av koldioxidekvivalenter fram till bruksfasen var mer än dubbelt så stor för betongbjälklaget än för prototypbjälklaget. / This report investigates the possibilities of using residual products as sound insulation in apartment separating timber floors with a span of 6 m. One step towards meeting the Swedish construction industry's zero vision for carbon dioxide emissions is to build more using timber and to reuse/recycle residual products. The Swedish building contractor Skanska has at its quarries a surplus of material in the form of crushed rock of the 0 - 0.2 mm fraction and crushed residual concrete. In this report, a prototype of a timber floor has been produced with influences of construction technology from the turn of the 19 th century regarding the use of heavy filling as sound insulation in timber floors. The developed floor prototype complies with the requirements set in BBR after dimensioning according the Eurocodes regarding fire safety, strength, sagging and deflection. According to a simulation in SEAWood, a tool for acoustic simulation which is under development at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden the requirements for sound insulation are also met, which is supported by analyzes made by comparing with data on similar timber floors. The high mass of the filling material implies that the prototype is a low frequency floor, this in conjunction with the simulation only being an indication of sound insulation properties, it will require practical tests to determine the prototypes sound insulating and dynamic properties. The developed floor prototype is suitable for prefabrication thanks to a design with few components. Prefabrication of the floor has in addition to the economic benefits it brings great benefits from a working environment perspective and is also beneficial from a moisture point of view. To estimate the environmental impact of the timber flooring, a simple comparison was made with a prefabricated concrete floor which showed that carbon dioxide emissions up to the using phase were more than twice that of the concrete floor than for the prototype floor.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar med bygg och konstruktion i förskolan samt hur de resonerar utifrån materialets betydelse för bygg och konstruktion. Studien tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i det sociokulturella perspektivet och som undersökningsmetod används kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Studiens resultat visar att både aktiviteter och eventuell planering inom bygg och konstruktion i förskolan i största utsträckning grundar sig på barnens inflytande och intressen. Vidare pedagogernas tankar om förutsättningarna för att planera och arbeta med bygg och konstruktion i förskolan. Resultatet visar också vilket material som finns tillgängligt hos de intervjuade pedagogerna. Exempelvis så hade samtliga pedagoger tillgång till klossar, lego och någon form av återvinningsmaterial. Resultatet sammanfattar också hur pedagogerna resonerar om de olika materialen och deras betydelse för bygg och konstruktion i förskolan. / The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers are working with build and construction in preschool. Further how they reason on the basis of material importance for build and construction. Theoretical basis of the study is of the socio-cultural perspective and research method used qualitative semi-structured interviews.   The result of the study shows that activities and any planning of build and construction in the surveyed preschools, to the greatest extent were based up on the children´s influence and interests. Further it shows the teachers thoughts on the prospects for planning and working with build and construction in preschool. It shows what kind of materials the interviewed teachers had access to. For example, all teachers had access to blocks, Lego and some form of recycling materials. The result also shows how teachers reason on the basis of material and it´s role in working with build and construction in preschool.

本論文共乙冊，約七萬餘言，全部分為六章二十節。 本論文透過實證調查分析，找尋現階段農村基層建設問題，並針對這些問題提供政府 一個更具體可行的建設方案。 第一章：說明研究動機、目的、地區、內容、方法、步驟以及基本概念。 第二章：分析研究地區之自然、經濟、社會及居住環境。 第三章：敘述農村基層建設之內容，並說明村民及相關人士之反映。 第四章：針對土地利用、交通運輸、公共設施、住宅建設及其他限制發展問題加以探 討。 第五章：就問題之性質，配合相關之計畫，提出未來發展的目標及策略。 第六章：結論與建議。

Additive Manufacturing (AM) refers to the use of a group of technologies capable of combining material layer-by-layer to manufacture geometrically complex products in a single digitally controlled process step, entirely without moulds, dies or other tooling. AM is a parallel manufacturing approach, allowing the contemporaneous production of multiple, potentially unrelated, components or products. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the economic aspects of additive technology usage through an analysis of the effect of AM s parallel nature on economic and environmental performance measurement. Further, this work assesses AM s ability to efficiently create complex components or products. To do so, this thesis applies a methodology for the quantitative analysis of the shape complexity of AM output. Moreover, this thesis develops and applies a methodology for the combined estimation of build time, process energy flows and financial costs. A key challenge met by this estimation technique is that results are derived on the basis of technically efficient AM operation. Results indicate that, at least for the technology variant Electron Beam Melting, shape complexity may be realised at zero marginal energy consumption and cost. Further, the combined estimator of build time, energy consumption and cost suggests t AM process efficiency is independent of production volume. Rather, this thesis argues that the key to efficient AM operation lies in the user s ability to exhaust the available build space.

Both construction Waste Minimisation (WM) and construction procurement activities play an effective role in attaining sustainability by giving due consideration to the environment, community and social conditions in delivering built assets. The construction industry has a major impact on the environment, both in terms of resource consumption and increasing waste production. Recent figures published by the UK government reveal that construction and demolition activities produce approximately 32% of total waste generated: three times the waste produced by all households combined. However, the current and on-going research in the field of construction WM and management focuses mainly on onsite waste quantification and management; and stakeholders‟ source identification. Little research has been undertaken to evaluate the relationship between Construction Procurement Systems (CPS) and construction waste generation. However, literature emphasises the need for research in this context. This research aims to develop a Procurement Waste Minimisation Framework (PWMF) to enhance WM practices by evaluating the relationship between CPS and construction waste generation. Objectives of the research include: examine construction WM drivers, WM approaches, waste origins and causes; critically review and evaluate current CPS and sustainable procurement practices in the UK; assess the relationship between CPS and construction waste generation; investigate and synthesis Procurement Waste Origins (PWO); examine the most suitable CPS that could potentially embed and sustain WM; develop and validate the PWMF. This research has adopted a survey research design and mixed methods sequential procedure. Data has been gathered through a cross sectional, self-administered postal questionnaire survey (N=258 distributed, n=65 received) and semi-structured interviews (N=17) with procurement managers and sustainability managers from the top 100 UK contracting organisations and quantity surveyors from the top 100 UK quantity surveying organisations. Data analysis techniques include: descriptive statistics; non-parametric tests; and constant comparative method. The PWMF has developed based on the findings of literature review, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews and adopting key concepts of problem solving methodology. The PWMF validation method includes: validation questionnaire (N=8) and follow-up semi-structured interviews (N=6) with procurement managers, sustainability managers and quantity surveyors. Key findings which emerged from the study include: CPS do have an impact on waste generation in construction; integrated CPS have major potential to integrate WM strategies; four PWO identified (i.e. uncoordinated early involvement of project stakeholders; ineffective communication and coordination; unclear allocation of WM responsibilities; and inconsistent procurement documentation) and associated sub-waste causes; and the developed PWMF enables to diagnose potential waste origins and causes, and WM improvement measures for design and build projects. The study has made recommendations which, if adopted, will lead to significant improvements in WM practices and sustainable procurement practices in construction. The content should be of interest to contractors, clients, and organisations dealing with procurement, waste and sustainability.