The first part of the final thesis is focused on the use of thermovision for diagnosing defects and failures in building industry. Documented history, physical principles and conditions for the measuring of thermographic camera are described in this part. Thermal images of the object described below were used for demonstrating the defects. The second part is dedicated to the elaborated energy assessment for a nine-storey slab block building. In total, there are five energy economic measures developed for the building. Three of those are of structural character and two of those are for building equipment. There are two variants designed based on the measures, one of which is recommended and evalu-ated. The final section is focused on the measurement of slab block building indoor environment (CO2, air temperature, relative humidity, dew point) and its assessment in concern with the current legislation.

Det finns förbättringspotential för att öka den cirkulära ekonomin i Sverige, som idag är 3,4 procent. Återbruk av byggmaterial i byggbranschen är en åtgärd, som genererar till en cirkulär förbättring. I uppsatsen belyses utmaningar och möjligheter associerade med återbruk av byggmaterial, som förekommer hos aktörer längs försörjningskedjan. En generell tanke som ofta förekommer är att återbrukat byggmaterial genererar till ökade kostnader, vilket det i uppsatsen påvisas åtskilda åsikter kring. Vidare studeras det som krävs för att lyckas implementera en cirkulär ekonomi i byggbranschen genom affärsmodeller och strategier. Genom att lyckas implementera en cirkulär ekonomi och utveckla expertis inom området, påvisar teori att även konkurrensfördelar kan frambringas. / There is potential for improvement to increase the circular economy in Sweden, which today is 3.4 percent. Reuse of building materials in the construction industry is one action, which generates a circular improvement. The study highlights challenges and opportunities associated with the reuse of building materials faced by different actors along the supply chain. A common understanding is that reused building materials generate increased costs, which the study demonstrates separate opinions about. Furthermore, the requirements to succeed in implementing a circular economy in the construction industry are studied together with business models and strategies for implementation. By succeeding in implementing a circular economy and developing expertise in the field, theory shows that competitive advantages can be generated.

Concrete is good as a construction material regarding fire and its properties regarding strength. However, the concrete expands and cracks due to fire resulting in structural damage. According to the literature the concrete usually loses its strength during and after fire exposure due to themechanical and physical changes.Concrete consists of cement, water, aggregates of different sizes, and usually some sort of plasticiser depending on its final use. Globally the concrete production releases about 4.5 billionmetric tons of carbon dioxide, which is about 8% of all the emissions of carbon dioxide in the world (Naturskyddsföreningen, 2022).The main components in cement are limestone and marlstone which are melted and turned to clinker. The clinker is mixed with sand and gypsum to make cement. Due to the high releases of carbon dioxide from the production of cement and the destruction of the environment mining of the raw materials, Sweden had a concrete-crisis in the summer of 2021, this was due to the government denied the main cement company Cementa AB to continue to mine limestone on the island of Gotland. Due to this decision new sustainable components to replace the components to produce concrete is critical. An alternative material called biochar may be suitable as a component in concrete. Biochar is a renewable product from pyrolysis of biomass. The favorable properties of biochar such as low density, high specific area and low thermal conductivity has the potential to lower the carbon footprint of concrete. This thesis evaluates the properties and performance for different biochar ratios mixed within concrete before and after exposure to fire in a furnace that followed the standard ISO 834 curve up to 650 ℃. In particular, experiments were conducted to observe how the mechanical properties (e.g., tensile and compressive strengths) are affected by exposure to fire that caused a temperature rise of up to 650 ℃. By analyzing the results from the experiments, it is seen that the workability of the concrete decreases with higher ratios of biochar due to the biochar’s water absorption properties. The compressive and tensile strength tests before fire exposure, for both aggregate and cement replaced samples, resulted in the average strength decreasing with higher ratios of biochar. Interestingly, iiithe results after fire exposure represented higher compressive strengths for both cement and aggregate replaced samples for all ratios of biochar. However, the tensile strength after fire exposure generally decreased with higher ratios of biochar. Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy were performed to gain an insight into the reason for the increase in compressive strength after fire exposure. Most probably, when the silica, present in the cement, was exposed to 650 °C under fire, it softened and fused the other components, which led to stronger compressive strengths.

The main aim of the thesis is to analyse the national reverse charge in the building industry with a focus on the effect on the selected provider. However, the aim of this study is not only to outline an influence and effect on the business sphere, but make such a methodical basis, which would improve awareness not only in the business sphere but also in the general public. In the theoretical part, important terms are defined and a fundamental theory with a focus on the national reverse charge in the building industry is introduced. In the practical part, the actual application of this system is described in the form of the common opinions and principles, analysis assessing the influence of this system on cash flow, requisitions, tax liability and other factors. The end of this study is created by gathered results and findings of the effect on the selected business partner.

This thesis deals with interaction of microwave radiation with wet in porous material. It examines the distribution of the temperature field, the efficiency of the method and the financial demands of the method. The most important part of this thesis was an experiment, from which all important values ??were based. The first part deals with the necessary theory and the second part is the experiment itself. The experiment was carried out for three levels of material wet. Eight samples were used for this experiment, which remained unchanged throughout the experiment. The thesis draws on previous researches that were carried out on this or similar topic.

<p>This dissertation focuses on the creation of a paradigm shift in building innovation. Challenges in achieving building energy-efficiency at scale highlight the complexity of the building performance problem, which is embedded with social, cultural, physical, environmental, and economic factors. Traditional approaches to building design have difficulty accounting for these multi-faceted variables and related longitudinal barriers and intangible impacts. Firstly, key stakeholders and their economic constraints change throughout time, and this variability is not traditionally considered upfront or addressed throughout a building’s operation. Secondly, buildings have social, cultural, environmental and economic implications that are difficult to quantify and evaluate against strictly functional design objectives. Therefore, current deeply technical and often system-specific building design strategies could benefit from whole-building solutions that account for this complexity and enable a paradigm shift in design toward human-centered outcomes (i.e., well-being, health, financial sustainability) and effective (i.e., equitable and sustainable) buildings. </p> <p>To drive this shift, an impact-based innovation framework was employed to pursue system-level and ecosystem-level strategies to optimize longitudinal building value assessment and distribution. First, a grounded theory study was pursued which identified gaps in current design practice that miss underlying building subsystem interactions which influence building performance. A system-level taxonomy of the building was then defined, linking identified sub-system synergies to functional, emotional and social building benefits for inhabitants. Then, an exploratory mixed-methods study was pursued, yielding a longitudinal building value framework that helps characterize key stakeholders, building design choices, and shared efficacy metrics. Building on these inputs, a multi-stakeholder, longitudinal building value assessment model was developed. The model was tested on two residential building development scenarios, highlighting its ability to capture the true impact of buildings on affected stakeholders over time in terms of tangible and intangible building costs and benefits. Finally, business model innovation concepts were employed to identify specific changes in stakeholder value delivery and capture strategies that could redistribute building costs and benefits over time, and thereby facilitate a shift in the paradigm of design and value capture in the residential building industry. </p>

The aim of my thesis is the current look and evaluation of architecture from the period of real socialism in Brno, since liberation in 1945 to the period of normalization in the seventies of the twentieth century, till 1975 (including duration of the implementation of the buildings). Emphasis put on realizations which are important from the nationwide perspective