A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a Política Pública de Urbanização de Favelas, em Santo André, através das práticas e procedimentos adotados na urbanização no Núcleo Capuava e da inserção desta política junto à outras políticas públicas transversais implementadas no período de 1997 a 2007. A partir da reflexão sobre os problemas enfrentados no processo de urbanização verificamos como o projeto de urbanização pode ser alterado nos processos de canteiro e desenho, alterando também os processos de gestão de contratos, medições e prestação de contas do município. Até que ponto a política de urbanização, ao promover a diferenciação do espaço urbano através da implantação de infraestrutura em certas regiões e não em outras, não está reconstruindo também a estrutura de poder. Procuramos analisar se a afirmação da política habitacional de urbanização reitera a apropriação do espaço da cidade, de forma desigual, ressaltando a forma como a riqueza é produzida na cidade mantendo o modo como frações de classe (mais alta renda) controlam a produção do espaço através do domínio do mercado imobiliário, da ideologia e do Estado. / The present objective research to analyze the Public Politics of Urbanization of Slum quarters, in Santo André, through practical and the procedures adopted in the urbanization in the Capuava Slum and of the insertion of this politics next to the others transversal public politics implemented in the period of 1997 the 2007. From the reflection on the problems faced in the urbanization process we verify as the urbanization project can be modified in the processes of workmanships and projects, also modifying the processes of contract management, measurements and rendering of accounts of the city. Until point the urbanization politics, when promoting the differentiation of the urban space through the infrastructure implantation in certain e regions not in others, is also not reconstructing the structure of being able. We look for to analyze if the affirmation of the habitacional politics of urbanization reiterates the appropriation of the space of the city, of different form, standing out the form as the wealth is produced in the city keeping the way as high society control the production of the space through thedomain of the real estate market, the ideology and the State.

O alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável, envolvendo as dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, é um desafio reconhecido mundialmente, sendo a construção sustentável uma condição essencial para o seu cumprimento. Dessa forma, uma importante ação é a diminuição dos impactos ambientais da construção civil, com a implantação de políticas voltadas à redução na sua própria geração. Observa-se, porém, que nem sempre os impactos podem ser reduzidos na origem. Sugere-se, assim, a adoção de medidas compensatórias que contrabalanceiem os prejuízos gerados, de modo a restabelecer as condições ambientais existentes antes dos impactos. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, é a elaboração de uma proposta para a compensação dos impactos ambientais de canteiros de obras de edifícios em áreas urbanas, observando o meio antrópico. O estudo é conduzido em duas etapas: embasamento teórico, que envolve revisão bibliográfica nacional e internacional; e elaboração da proposta para a compensação ambiental. Esta tese apresenta um método de cálculo composto por quatro indicadores: ruídos, emissão de material particulado, danos a bens edificados e ocupação da via pública. Esses, por meio da adoção de Fatores de Ponderação, têm sua relevância graduada de acordo com o meio ambiente em que o canteiro está inserido. Tais fatores são calculados com o auxílio de questionários formulados para identificar as necessidades locais e aplicados à vizinhança da obra. Por fim, o cálculo resulta em um valor que, variando de 0 a 10, determina o grau de compensação necessário para cada obra. Discute-se, então, as maneiras de transformar o valor calculado em uma compensação efetiva, assim como formas de realizar a fiscalização de sua implantação. / The success of sustainable development, universally recognized regarding the economic, environmental and social limitations it incorporates, is primarily dependent on sustainable construction. Being so, the reduction of environmental impacts by implementing effective policies during initial construction operations becomes all important, although not always possible. Compensatory measures are therefore proposed to minimize and counterbalance the losses incurred and restore the environmental conditions existing prior to impact. In concurrence, this research aims to elaborate a course of action which will compensate for impacts produced at building construction sites in urban areas by strict observance of the anthropic environment. This study comprises two phases: a theoretical basis covering a review of national and international references; and the elaboration of a proposal for environmental compensation. Also presented is a method of calculation using four indicators: noises, particulate matter emissions, damage to buildings and the utilization of public streets. Weighed factors, considering building site location, are used to give a graduated relevance to each indicator. These factors are calculated with the aid of questionnaires that seek to identify local necessities and applied to the neighborhood surrounding the site. As a result, the method produces a value ranging from 0 to 10 which determines the degree of compensation each project warrants. This calculated value is then discussed, with the objective of transforming it into effective compensation and discovering ways of supervising its implementation.

A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a Política Pública de Urbanização de Favelas, em Santo André, através das práticas e procedimentos adotados na urbanização no Núcleo Capuava e da inserção desta política junto à outras políticas públicas transversais implementadas no período de 1997 a 2007. A partir da reflexão sobre os problemas enfrentados no processo de urbanização verificamos como o projeto de urbanização pode ser alterado nos processos de canteiro e desenho, alterando também os processos de gestão de contratos, medições e prestação de contas do município. Até que ponto a política de urbanização, ao promover a diferenciação do espaço urbano através da implantação de infraestrutura em certas regiões e não em outras, não está reconstruindo também a estrutura de poder. Procuramos analisar se a afirmação da política habitacional de urbanização reitera a apropriação do espaço da cidade, de forma desigual, ressaltando a forma como a riqueza é produzida na cidade mantendo o modo como frações de classe (mais alta renda) controlam a produção do espaço através do domínio do mercado imobiliário, da ideologia e do Estado. / The present objective research to analyze the Public Politics of Urbanization of Slum quarters, in Santo André, through practical and the procedures adopted in the urbanization in the Capuava Slum and of the insertion of this politics next to the others transversal public politics implemented in the period of 1997 the 2007. From the reflection on the problems faced in the urbanization process we verify as the urbanization project can be modified in the processes of workmanships and projects, also modifying the processes of contract management, measurements and rendering of accounts of the city. Until point the urbanization politics, when promoting the differentiation of the urban space through the infrastructure implantation in certain e regions not in others, is also not reconstructing the structure of being able. We look for to analyze if the affirmation of the habitacional politics of urbanization reiterates the appropriation of the space of the city, of different form, standing out the form as the wealth is produced in the city keeping the way as high society control the production of the space through thedomain of the real estate market, the ideology and the State.

This study is concerned with the manner in which households create strategies to mitigate environmental risks in informal settlements for example Lacey Road which is located in Sydenham in the eThekwini metropolitan area of KwaZulu‐Natal. Informal settlements result from migration and urbanisation trends whereby people from rural areas migrate to the city in search of job opportunities and a better life. Many fail to find the formal employment opportunities they seek and find themselves having to provide their own shelter. These circumstances culminate in the construction of informal settlements in and near the city. People settle on land that is often undesirable for development because of geological or environmental pressures e.g. it has unstable soils, the land is located within flood plains or on very steep slopes. The vulnerability approach and political ecology framework underpin this study. These two approaches have been used in order to understand the capabilities of informal settlers to cope with risks they are faced with. They have been also used to understand how human activities and political systems may be linked to the spread of environmental degradation and risks. Household survey and key informants interviews were used to conduct this study. The findings of the research show that Lacey Road informal settlement is exposed to various risks such as floods, fire, waste disposal, and indoor air pollution and other health risks. It is clear that residents from Lacey Road are regularly exposed to the harsh realities of spatial and environmental marginalisation. The main reason for their vulnerability is the lack of service delivery by the municipality. This is due to a unique set of power relations where the community does not have profile to force the municipality to provide access to basic services. It is within this context that the researcher sought to analyse and explore the interface between environmental risk management and coping strategies of residents within informal settlements. Whilst there are general risks that face all residents of informal settlements, the researcher also considered what is specific to the Lacey Road settlement in Sydenham. The intention of this research is to identify environmental risks being experienced in Lacey Road informal settlements. Furthermore, to understand household strategies employed to mitigate those environmental risks at Lacey Road. / Thesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Emerging trends in the re-inhabitation of central cities and government funding of numerous financial incentives have succeeded in making brownfield redevelopment a far more lucrative opportunity for developers over the past decade. However, the redevelopment process itself remains virtually unchanged, maintaining a narrow focus on environmental remediation, site engineering, and short-term market demand. Land use, instead of design, drives the entire process. This approach fails to sustain development and recognize larger redevelopment opportunities based on local and regional context. Despite an increasing amount of public money used to fund incentives, development continues to overlook potential positive externalities presumably to avert risk and increase feasibility. The purpose of this thesis is to re-examine brownfield redevelopment from the perspective of urban design in order to define ways in which design might offer solutions to these shortcomings and play a more critical role in future redevelopments. Using case studies of past redevelopments of former auto plant sites, Landscape Urbanism in brownfield redevelopment, and design proposals for auto plant sites from the GM and Ford closings of 2005-2006, the thesis investigates three primary questions. First, what is the conventional brownfield redevelopment process, to what extent has urban design been involved, and what are the major issues and lessons that can be learned? Secondly, what examples of brownfield redevelopment have integrated urban design to addresses these issues and what are the specific principles that inform design? Finally, how can urban design strategies, based on principles of Landscape Urbanism, lead the redevelopment of brownfield sites?

O alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável, envolvendo as dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, é um desafio reconhecido mundialmente, sendo a construção sustentável uma condição essencial para o seu cumprimento. Dessa forma, uma importante ação é a diminuição dos impactos ambientais da construção civil, com a implantação de políticas voltadas à redução na sua própria geração. Observa-se, porém, que nem sempre os impactos podem ser reduzidos na origem. Sugere-se, assim, a adoção de medidas compensatórias que contrabalanceiem os prejuízos gerados, de modo a restabelecer as condições ambientais existentes antes dos impactos. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, é a elaboração de uma proposta para a compensação dos impactos ambientais de canteiros de obras de edifícios em áreas urbanas, observando o meio antrópico. O estudo é conduzido em duas etapas: embasamento teórico, que envolve revisão bibliográfica nacional e internacional; e elaboração da proposta para a compensação ambiental. Esta tese apresenta um método de cálculo composto por quatro indicadores: ruídos, emissão de material particulado, danos a bens edificados e ocupação da via pública. Esses, por meio da adoção de Fatores de Ponderação, têm sua relevância graduada de acordo com o meio ambiente em que o canteiro está inserido. Tais fatores são calculados com o auxílio de questionários formulados para identificar as necessidades locais e aplicados à vizinhança da obra. Por fim, o cálculo resulta em um valor que, variando de 0 a 10, determina o grau de compensação necessário para cada obra. Discute-se, então, as maneiras de transformar o valor calculado em uma compensação efetiva, assim como formas de realizar a fiscalização de sua implantação. / The success of sustainable development, universally recognized regarding the economic, environmental and social limitations it incorporates, is primarily dependent on sustainable construction. Being so, the reduction of environmental impacts by implementing effective policies during initial construction operations becomes all important, although not always possible. Compensatory measures are therefore proposed to minimize and counterbalance the losses incurred and restore the environmental conditions existing prior to impact. In concurrence, this research aims to elaborate a course of action which will compensate for impacts produced at building construction sites in urban areas by strict observance of the anthropic environment. This study comprises two phases: a theoretical basis covering a review of national and international references; and the elaboration of a proposal for environmental compensation. Also presented is a method of calculation using four indicators: noises, particulate matter emissions, damage to buildings and the utilization of public streets. Weighed factors, considering building site location, are used to give a graduated relevance to each indicator. These factors are calculated with the aid of questionnaires that seek to identify local necessities and applied to the neighborhood surrounding the site. As a result, the method produces a value ranging from 0 to 10 which determines the degree of compensation each project warrants. This calculated value is then discussed, with the objective of transforming it into effective compensation and discovering ways of supervising its implementation.

Earthquakes are among the most devastating and unpredictable of natural hazards that affect civil infrastructure and have the potential for causing numerous casualties and significant economic losses over large areas. Every region that has the potential for great earthquakes should have an integrated plan for a seismic design and risk mitigation for civil infrastructure. This plan should include methods for estimating the vulnerability of building inventories and for forecasting economic losses resulting from future events. This study describes a methodology to assess risk to distributed civil infrastructure due to large-scale natural hazards with large geographical footprints, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, and provides a detailed analysis and assessment of building losses due to earthquake. The distinguishing feature of this research, in contrast to previous loss estimation methods incorporated in systems such as HAZUS-MH, is that it considers the correlation in stochastic demand on building inventories due to the hazard, as well as correlation in building response and damage due to common materials, construction technologies, codes and code enforcement. These sources of correlation have been neglected, for the most part, in previous research. The present study has revealed that the neglect of these sources of correlation leads to an underestimation of the estimates of variance in loss and in the probable maximum loss (PML) used as a basis for underwriting risks. The methodology is illustrated with a seismic risk assessment of building inventories representing different occupancy classes in Shelby County, TN, considering both scenario earthquakes and earthquakes specified probabilistically. It is shown that losses to building inventories estimated under the common assumption that the individual losses can be treated as statistically independent may underestimate the PML by a factor of range from 1.7 to 3.0, depending on which structural and nonstructural elements are included in the assessment. A sensitivity analysis reveals the statistics and sources of correlation that are most significant for loss estimation, and points the way forward for supporting data acquisition and synthesis.

Submitted by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-03T16:32:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKCRO.pdf: 2177544 bytes, checksum: 432fb447cfd5d228ea9cafd7547b3763 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-03T16:33:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKCRO.pdf: 2177544 bytes, checksum: 432fb447cfd5d228ea9cafd7547b3763 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Passos (camilapassos@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-03T16:33:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKCRO.pdf: 2177544 bytes, checksum: 432fb447cfd5d228ea9cafd7547b3763 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-03T16:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissKCRO.pdf: 2177544 bytes, checksum: 432fb447cfd5d228ea9cafd7547b3763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Não recebi financiamento / The need for satisfying deadlines and reducing costs made construction companies invest in the improvement of productivity throughout the steps of constructing buildings. This study aimed to stratify the workforce‟s productivity in employment categories during the execution of the plaster coating, showing productivity indicators values expressed in man-hours per square meter (Hh/m²) of executed coating so as to identify among the workforce‟s employment categories chances of improvement. As research strategy, it was used the field survey in five construction works with different types of buildings, where it was made a hard observation and labor productivity collection taking into account the occupation categories (Direct Work, Delays, Mobilization, Downtime, Displacements and Support) resulting in productivity indicators stratified in accordance to these categories. It was diagnosed that the values of the overall workforce‟s productivity ranged between 0.16 and 0.50 Hh/m², considering that the main value in the distribution of its fractions was in the occupation category of Direct Work, which ranged between 0.08 Hh/m² and 0.23 Hh/m² regarding the other categories. The higher the representativeness of main productive and auxiliaries categories (Direct Work, Support and Mobilization) over the categories associated with the unproductive activities (Downtime and Delay), the better the productivity detected, although strong statistical correlation was not observed. Regarding the category Direct Work, the best productivity of labor is achieved in the implementation of the coating on the ceiling over the implementation on the walls. Thereby, this work‟s main contribution is in the preparation of the analytical structure of occupation categories to the plaster coating department as well as the unfolding of workforce‟s productivity indicators in these categories for this department. / A necessidade de se cumprir prazos e de se reduzir custos obrigou as empresas de construção civil a investirem na melhoria da produtividade nos processos de construção de edificações Este estudo teve como objetivo estratificar a produtividade da mão de obra em categorias de ocupação na execução do revestimento de gesso em pasta, apresentando valores de indicadores de produtividade, expressos em homens-horas por metro quadrado (Hh/m²) de revestimento executado de tal forma a se identificar, entre as categorias de ocupação da mão de obra, oportunidades de melhoria. Como estratégia de pesquisa, utilizou-se o levantamento de campo em cinco obras com tipologias diferentes de edifícios, onde foi feita uma laboriosa observação e levantamento da produtividade da mão de obra levando-se em consideração as categorias de ocupação (Trabalho direto, Atrasos, Mobilização, Paralisação, Deslocamentos e Apoio) resultando em indicadores de produtividade estratificados segundo estas categorias. Diagnosticou-se que os valores da produtividade da mão de obra global variou entre 0,16 e 0,50 Hh/m² sendo que o principal valor significativo na distribuição de suas frações foi na categoria de ocupação Trabalho direto, variando entre 0,08 Hh/m² e 0,23 Hh/m² em relação às demais categorias. Quanto maior a representatividade das categorias principais produtivas e auxiliares (Trabalho Direto, Apoio e Mobilização) em detrimento às categorias associadas a atividades improdutivas (Paralisação e Atraso), melhor a produtividade detectada, embora não se tenha observado forte correlação estatística. Com relação à categoria Trabalho Direto, a melhor produtividade da mão de obra é alcançada na execução do revestimento nos tetos em detrimento a das paredes. Assim, a principal contribuição deste trabalho reside na elaboração da estrutura analítica de categorias de ocupações para o serviço de revestimento de gesso em pasta, bem como o desdobramento dos indicadores da produtividade da mão de obra nessas categorias para esse serviço.

Cheng Pak Chiu Lemuel. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report." / project synopsis --- p.4 / Chapter i/ --- background --- p.10 / "my first moment, personal experience I" --- p.12 / urban intricacy --- p.13 / fluidiy of mass (people) --- p.14 / transience of time --- p.15 / flooding --- p.17 / notes: flooding --- p.18 / Chapter ii/ --- paradox --- p.20 / to go with it? --- p.22 / notes: bernard tschumi / body in shadow --- p.24 / notes: time --- p.25 / notes: time --- p.27 / notes: film --- p.29 / the evaporation --- p.30 / the value --- p.31 / urban paradox? --- p.32 / my scope --- p.32 / personal experience II: an electrical failure --- p.33 / what if?... --- p.33 / Chapter iii/ --- inquiry --- p.34 / "momentary ""darkness""" --- p.38 / notes --- p.39 / [frag]miliarity --- p.42 / the spirit of intricacy --- p.44 / the possiblity of body --- p.45 / the possibility of time --- p.47 / "other ""darkness""" / notes: --- p.48 / konnonji temple in japan --- p.49 / "Exodous, competition entry, Rem Koolhaas" --- p.50 / "Laban Center for Movement and Dance, Peter Zumthor" --- p.51 / Chapter iv/ --- translation --- p.52 / Tanslation into program --- p.54 / concept I between --- p.55 / concept II within --- p.57 / program(s): urban columbaria + public bath --- p.60 / s.o. program (provisioinal) --- p.61 / users --- p.62 / client --- p.64 / other possible programs? --- p.66 / urban / site / where? --- p.68 / district I: sheung wan / central --- p.69 / district II: tsim sha tsui --- p.73 / district III: causeway bay --- p.77 / my choice --- p.81 / Chapter v/ --- appedix --- p.82 / bibliographies --- p.83 / review 1 --- p.84 / "paper ""architectural from spontaneous, a phenomal sense in Hong Kong""" --- p.85 / diaglogue with instructor --- p.90 / amendment and responses --- p.96

As betoneiras, embora sejam equipamentos aparentemente inofensivos e que não trazem muitos riscos aos trabalhadores, esconde um problema muito grave associado à sua operação, que são os altos níveis de ruído produzido. Normalmente os operadores de betoneiras são aqueles que ficam mais expostos a estes elevados níveis de ruído e, também há os demais operadores e a vizinhança. Esta pesquisa, além de quantificar tais impactos, sugere formas para amenizar os níveis de ruído assimilados por estes operadores de betoneiras e que são provenientes deste equipamento, atuando na fonte geradora. Para minimização do nível de ruído, foi desenvolvida tampa de proteção para ser utilizada na boca do tambor, de modo que não interferisse no modo de operação da betoneira e que também servisse para atenuar o ruído durante a mistura do agregado. Foi objeto de estudo a análise e aplicação de dois materiais, sendo eles placas de EVA e borracha líquida, para revestimento do tambor da betoneira, que contribuísse para a redução do nível de ruído. Os níveis de pressão sonora equivalente foram coletados na frente, atrás e nas laterais da betoneira a distâncias de 1 a 8 metros. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível minimizar o ruído garantindo um conforto acústico durante o uso da betoneira em um canteiro de obras. Os ensaios comprovaram que, dentre as opções analisadas, o melhor revestimento é a borracha líquida que pode ser utilizada externamente ao tambor da betoneira reduzindo o ruído em 13 dB(A), chegando a 17 dB(A), com o uso da tampa de proteção. / The concrete mixers, although seemingly harmless and equipment that do not bring many risks to workers, hides a very serious problem associated with their operation, which are the high levels of noise produced. Usually the mixers operators are those that are more exposed to these high levels of noise and there are also other operators and the neighborhood. This research and to quantify these impacts, suggests ways to mitigate the noise levels assimilated by these mixers operators and discharged from this equipment, acting at the source. To minimize the noise level cap has been developed for use in the mouth of the barrel, so it does not interfere with the mixer operating mode and also serve to reduce the noise when mixing the aggregate. Object of study was the analysis and application of two materials, namely plates EVA and liquid rubber, to drum coating the mixer, which would help reduce the noise level. The equivalent sound pressure levels were collected in front, behind and on the sides of the mixer at distances 1-8 meters. The results showed that it is possible to minimize noise ensuring acoustic comfort while using the mixer on a construction site. Tests have shown that among the options considered, is the best coating liquid rubber which may be used externally to the mixer drum 13 reducing the noise in dB (A), reaching 17 dB (A) with the use of lid protection.