The effects of skin burn injury on the levels of oxidized and reduced glutthione, malondialdehyde, and on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were determined in liver and lung of rabbit models, 24-h post-burn.

Pain is a major problem for bum patients, particularly during dressing changes and wound debridement. The bum patients' pain experience, related to resting conditions and procedural dressing changes, was studied. The purpose of this descriptive study was to describe bum patients' pain experience as related to resting and procedural pain and anxiety. Specifically, the research was designed to describe bum patients' pain and anxiety during resting conditions and dressing changes and describe bum patients' responses of their acceptable level of pain. A convenience sample of 23 acutely burned adults over the age of 18 undergoing bum wound care without previous surgical intervention in a southeastern bum unit was recruited to participate in this study. Data were collected using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale-anxiety and the Visual Analogue Scale-pain. Demographics of the sample were collected. The Baseline Assessment Form and the Procedural Assessment Form were used to collect data regarding the setting and medications used prior to each measurement. Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and the Friedman test were used to analyze data, describe the sample and report baseline and procedural responses of pain and anxiety. The analysis of data revealed that there was a significant difference found between pain responses during resting conditions and procedures (z = -2.34, p = .02), with procedural pain being greater. There were no significant differences in anxiety between resting conditions and procedures (z = -1.41, p = .16). There was a significant difference between bum patients' acceptable level of pain, resting pain, and procedural pain (x2 = 9.2, p = .01). Resting pain was significantly lower than patients' acceptable level of pain (z = -2.97, p = < .01). Procedural pain was slightly lower than patients' acceptable level of pain but these results were not statistically significant (z = - .90, p = .37). This study demonstrated that there are differences between bum patients' pain at rest and pain during procedures, specifically dressing changes. There are many implications for clinical practice. First, pain assessment must be based on the use of a valid and reliable patient self-report tool. Second, the pain management regimen must be highly individualized and should take into considerations the differences between resting and procedural pain. Third, pain and anxiety management should be studied utilizing multiple methods of pain and anxiety management techniques (i.e. medication, music, humor, and wound care teaching). Fourth, bum patients' acceptable level of pain should be assessed to provide adequate pain management. Lastly, further research is needed in the area of bum pain management. The area of bum pain management requires additional research to develop guidelines encompassing patients' bum experiences and effective outcomes focusing on the utilization of valid and reliable assessment tools.

This study compared calorie needs, prescription and intake in enterally fed trauma and burn patients. Calorie needs of twenty-eight sequentially admitted patients were assessed by indirect calorimetry or by the Fick method. Caloric prescriptions were calculated from physicians orders. Following attainment of ordered goal rate, three day caloric intake was averaged. Caloric needs were not statistically different from caloric prescription. Caloric intake was significantly lower than caloric needs (p= 0.001). Intolerance and procedures were frequently cited reasons for withholding feedings. Results of this study suggest that trauma and burn patients may not receive the prescribed level of calories during the initial stage of enteral nutrition support. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 11, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional practices used in burns units in South Africa and to compare them with the latest available literature in order to make appropriate recommendations for possible implementation. METHODS: Validated questionnaires were sent out to surgeons, dietitians and professional nurses working in burns units that complied with the inclusion criteria. Information on the units was obtained from an advertisement placed via email through ADSA. Non-random sampling was done and all the burns units were included in the study. Descriptive cross-sectional statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Twelve burns units were identified. Ten of the burns units’ health professionals (surgeons, dietitians and professional nurses) participated in the study. All the health professionals had experience in burned patients’ management judging by the average number of year’s experience. The average number of adult burned patients treated was 188 (58-350) and the mortality per year was 16% [Standard Deviation (SD) 6.4%] About half of the professionals indicated they used a protocol for the implementation of nutrition support. A degree of miscommunication was noted between the health professionals working in the units. Very few units (n=2) were able to perform wound excisions within 72 hours post-burn. All the dietitians used predictive equations when estimating energy requirements and the most popular formula remained the Curreri formula. Various different predictive equations were used. Even though most institutions indicated that micronutrient supplementation was routine practice, no standard regimen existed and supplementation varied significantly between units. The oral route, enteral route or a combination were used to feed patients with different degrees of burns, and the majority (60%) of the health professionals stated that they waited until oral diets were tolerated before enteral nutrition was stopped. The nasogastric enteral route remained the most popular route. Very few units used other feeding routes, and they would rather opt for TPN if nasogastric feeding should fail. The estimated nutritional requirements were met in 90% of patients in whom the feeding tube was successfully placed. From the results it appeared that dietitians were less confident regarding the use of immunonutrition in burned patients, in spite of the available literature. Anabolic agents were not very commonly used in South Africa, probably due to the high cost. Patients were not followed-up regularly by dietitians. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that despite the use of correct recommendations in certain instances there remained a definite degree of variation and uncertainty amongst health professionals. There also appeared to be poor communication between health professionals. The burns units in South Africa should use set standards for nutritional managements, obtain and implement strict feeding protocols and improve communication amongst the health professionals.

This project was undertaken to develop an effective community wide educational program designed to reduce the incidence of tap water burns in children. A random phone survey was conducted to determine the level of awareness of the problem. Various educational methods were employed over a five-month period. A follow-up random phone survey was done to assess the level of effectiveness of the methods employed.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Surgery / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1978.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.