This thesis elaborates on the relationship between work and time and how it relates to quality architecture. Quality is a degree of excellence. The project proposed is aimed at promoting quality in the built environment through workmanship. Pretoria, in the Tswane Metropolitan area, is in Gauteng, the province responsible for most trade in South Africa. Hatfield in Pretoria is home to many students of various institutions, including the University of Pretoria. Many workers live in Pretoria and commutes daily between Pretoria and Johannesburg. The world is characterized by ever-changing aspects today, and especially in South Africa uncertainty prevails. Fluctuations in the economy have resulted in a feeling of insecurity. An unemployment rate of approximately 40% has caused many South Africans to become temporary, and often migrant, workers. This uncertainty also reflects in the built environment, where buildings have become "temporary", displaying a lack of workmanship in the planning and construction. The project discussed in this thesis is a result of intensive planning on the site, in collaboration with the proposed Hatfield Gautrans Station by Bernard Roccon (thesis proposal for MArch(Prof) degree, 2003), implemented to provide an efficient public transport link between Pretoria and Johannesburg. The functions of the project; a stable centre acting as a datum point and haven for temporary workers, is a result of this planning process. This thesis aims at re-establishing a trust in the built environment through quality architecture, by promoting work and workmanship. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

This diploma project is about the relationship between building and ground. My interest has been in an excavating process in which landscape and architecture is treated in the same manner. With this I want to achieve an ambiguous and a non-hierarchic relationship between ground and building. Hidden within a landscape is a metro station for an extension of the blue line and a bus terminal for buses to Nacka and Värmdö. The project is a composite of landscape and building, substrates, bedrock, concrete and wood. Alejandro Zaera Polo writes in his text "The Politics of the Envelope" about "the Flat-Horizontal Envelope" which are buildings with larger horizontal dimensions than vertical. These are buildings that because of its vastnes act as a boundary in the urban settings. A Bus Terminal is often of this category. With my proposal of diffusing the relationship between building and ground and speculations on letting the ground become the envelope of the building I suggest a development of the flat-horizontal envelope typology. My proposal is not an urban boundary. On the contrary it invites and allow for passing across and engage in the building. / Det här examensarbete handlar om relationen mellan byggnad och mark. Mitt intresset har legat i en utgrävande process i vilken landskap och byggnad behandlas på samma sätt. Med det vill jag uppnå en oklar eller tvetydig relation mellan mark och byggnad. En icke hirarkisk relation. Gömd innuti landskapet ligger en tunnelbanestation, som är slutstaionen på en förlängning av blå linjen österut. Samt en bussterminal för bussar mot Nacka och Värmdö. Projektet är en komposit av landskap och byggnad, jord, berggrund, betong och trä. Alejandro Zaera Polo skriver i sin text "The Politics of the Envelope" om "den platta och horisontella fasaden". Det är byggnader med större horisontell dimension än vertikal. Det är byggnader, som pågrund av sin storlek och utsträkthet blir bariärer i det urbana landskapet. En bussterminal tillhör ofta den här kategorien av byggnad. Med mitt förslag, som handlar om att sudda ut gränsen mellan byggnad och mark och dessutom spekulera om att låta själva marken vara byggnadens fasad, så föreslår jag en utveckling av typologin "den platta - horisontella fasaden". Mitt förslag är ingen bariär. Utan motsattsen. Mitt förslag bjuder in till att pasera över och igenom.

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar a relação entre a estrutura da cidade e a implantação de terminais de ônibus em São Paulo, tendo em vista o papel definidor do ambiente urbano na definição de sua tipologia. Através de análise histórica, busco compreender o surgimento deste com as iniciativas de estruturação de um sistema de ônibus integrado. A hipótese é que o terminal, apesar de poder se tornar um poderoso agente de estruturação e transformação urbana, e estimular a criação de uma rede de centralidades no território urbanizado, segue a lógica espacial e antiurbana do urbanismo funcionalista, de maneira a desagregar socioespacialmente seu entorno. O trabalho se propõem a compreender a estruturação dos tipos arquitetônicos implantados para os terminais de ônibus urbanos a partir da década de 1970, através da análise morfotipológica dos terminais de ônibus urbanos Bandeira, Princesa Isabel e Lapa. Neste sentido, o trabalho visa compreender: (1) o papel da infraestrutura de mobilidade como agente de indução do espaço urbano na formação de centralidade e urbanidade; e, (2) a estruturação da tipologia arquitetônica do terminal de ônibus. / The objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between the city structure and the bus terminal in São Paulo, considering the defining role of the urban environment in the definition of its typology. Through historical analysis, I try to understand the emergence of this with the initiatives of structuring an integrated bus system. The hypothesis is that the terminal, despite being able to become a powerful agent for urban structuring and transformation, and to stimulate the creation of a network of centralities in the urbanized territory, follows the spatial and anti-urban logic of the urban functionalism in order to disaggregate socio-spatial environment. The work proposes to understand the structuring of the architectural types implanted for the urban bus terminals from the 1970\'s, through the morpho-typological analysis of the urban bus terminals Bandeira, Princesa Isabel and Lapa. In this sense, the work aims to understand: (1) the role of the mobility infrastructure as an agent of induction of the urban space in the formation of centrality and urbanity; and, (2) the structuring of the architectural typology of the bus terminal.

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar a relação entre a estrutura da cidade e a implantação de terminais de ônibus em São Paulo, tendo em vista o papel definidor do ambiente urbano na definição de sua tipologia. Através de análise histórica, busco compreender o surgimento deste com as iniciativas de estruturação de um sistema de ônibus integrado. A hipótese é que o terminal, apesar de poder se tornar um poderoso agente de estruturação e transformação urbana, e estimular a criação de uma rede de centralidades no território urbanizado, segue a lógica espacial e antiurbana do urbanismo funcionalista, de maneira a desagregar socioespacialmente seu entorno. O trabalho se propõem a compreender a estruturação dos tipos arquitetônicos implantados para os terminais de ônibus urbanos a partir da década de 1970, através da análise morfotipológica dos terminais de ônibus urbanos Bandeira, Princesa Isabel e Lapa. Neste sentido, o trabalho visa compreender: (1) o papel da infraestrutura de mobilidade como agente de indução do espaço urbano na formação de centralidade e urbanidade; e, (2) a estruturação da tipologia arquitetônica do terminal de ônibus. / The objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between the city structure and the bus terminal in São Paulo, considering the defining role of the urban environment in the definition of its typology. Through historical analysis, I try to understand the emergence of this with the initiatives of structuring an integrated bus system. The hypothesis is that the terminal, despite being able to become a powerful agent for urban structuring and transformation, and to stimulate the creation of a network of centralities in the urbanized territory, follows the spatial and anti-urban logic of the urban functionalism in order to disaggregate socio-spatial environment. The work proposes to understand the structuring of the architectural types implanted for the urban bus terminals from the 1970\'s, through the morpho-typological analysis of the urban bus terminals Bandeira, Princesa Isabel and Lapa. In this sense, the work aims to understand: (1) the role of the mobility infrastructure as an agent of induction of the urban space in the formation of centrality and urbanity; and, (2) the structuring of the architectural typology of the bus terminal.

Traffic simulation is a safe and efficient tool to investigate infrastructural changes as well as traffic conditions. This master thesis aims to analyse a microscopic traffic simulation method for evaluation of bus terminal capacity. The evaluation is performed by investigating a case study of the bus terminal at Norrköping travel centre. The analysed method, referred to as terminal logic in the thesis, uses a combination of time based and event based simulation. Through the combination of time and event, it is possible to capture all movements within the terminal for individual vehicles. The simulation model is built in the software Vissim. A new travel centre for Norrköping is under development. Among the reasons for a new travel centre is the railway project Ostlänken in the eastern part of Sweden. An evaluation of the bus terminal is interesting due to a suspicion of overcapacity and the opportunity of redesigning. To investigate both the terminal capacity and the terminal logic, three scenarios were implemented. Scenario 1: Current design and frequency Scenario 2: Current design with higher frequency Scenario 3: Decreased number of bus stops with current frequency The results from the scenarios confirm the assumption of overcapacity. The capacity was evaluated based on several different measures, all indicating a low utilization. Even so, the utilization was uneven over time and congestion could still occur when several buses departed at the same time. This was also seen when studying the simulation, which showed congestions when several buses departed at the same time. The case study established the terminal logic to be useful when evaluating capacity at bus terminals. It provides a good understanding of how the terminal operates and captures the movements. However, it was time-consuming to adjust the logic to the studied terminal. This is a disadvantage when investigating more than one alternative. The thesis resulted in two main conclusions. Firstly, a more optimised planning of the buses at Norrköping bus terminal would probably be achievable and lead to less congestions at the exits. Secondly, the terminal logic is a good method to use when evaluating bus terminals but it is not straight forward to implement.

The diploma thesis is dealing with design of junction reconstruction in the framework of anurbanistic study. The junction is located in Slavkov village, Zlín region, where the I/54, II/498 and III/05417 roads intersect each other. The aim of the project is to design well-arranged intersection of three different types of roads and create safe, comfortable and pedestrian friendly crossroad. There are two basic versions. The modification of junction was elected as the most suitable version, which is designed and specified by technical report and drawings.

The master's thesis deals with the construction and design solution of the bus terminal project in Liberec. The building consists of three floors with different functions. In terms of structural shape, the entire length of the building consists of a cross-section of a two-storey, asymmetrical cantilever suspended on both sides. The main load-bearing structure of the roof contributes along its entire circumference to the load-bearing capacity of the lower ceiling by a system of ties. The design was defined by a feasibility study of the project, which established the concept of the appearance of the structure. The main target of the thesis was to design the solution of the load-bearing structure and then perform static analysis, dimensioning and assessment by the method of limit states according to the corresponding ČSN EN. The solution of the construction consists mainly of reinforced concrete elements which are suitably combined with steel parts. Elements of reinforced concrete are designed as monolitic or prefabricated. For the most loaded two-sided cantilever was designed reinforced concrete variant and prestressed variant. The thesis was made in its extent in a BIM compatible design.

The subject of this diploma thesis is construction project for implementation of bus terminal in Benešov. This thesis contains technical report, construction study of main technological stages, supply management for selected technological processes, technical report of site facilities including drawings, construction machinery and equipment for selected technological processes, technological specification for execution of earthworks SO01 & SO02, technological specification for execution of foundations SO01 & SO02, control and test plan for execution of earthworks, control and test plan for execution of foundations, safety and health protection plan for selected technological processes, construction site noise study and a construction study of reconstruction of roads in the terminal area.

The topic of the Diploma thesis is a design of the New train station in Brno. The plot is located on the boundary of three city districts – Komárov, Štýřice and Trnitá. This area includes the railway structure for the new train station and also its public spaces, which are very close to the river Svratka. The railway structure is designed as bridge construction, that rises all platforms and rail tracks to 7,65 metres above the ground level. So all of the railways do not become a barrier in the city. The main concept extends a longitudinal axis of the city boulevard through the train station, which creates a high-rise building in the southern part of the plot. This axis is written not only to the layout but also to the roof design. The train station includes two underground levels, ground floor and first floor. Underground levels consist of P+R parking, deliveries only area, technical facilities and subway terminal. The ground floor is the main traffic centre. There is an entrance hall, shopping area, bus terminal and public corridors. The first floor includes platforms for train departures and arrivals. There are also public spaces in the entrance hall. The basic structural system consists of two parts. The first part is a massive reinforced concrete structure of the railway bridge deck and all underground levels. This structure is based on reinforced concrete foundation pads with drilled piles. The second part is a steel frame structure of the roof. That includes steel columns and truss girders for the structure of the lower area. The higher part of the roof is designed as a steel-truss bridge with the characteristic profile. The new train station supposes to create a new gate to the city of Brno, that connects contemporary districts with the historical city center.

The diploma thesis solves construction and technological preparation of the transport terminal in Pec pod Sněžkou. The content of the diploma thesis is a techical report on the construction technology project, the coordination situation, the time and financial schedule, the project of building site, selection of machines, time schedule for the main building object, plan for securing material resources for the main building of the transport terminal, technological prescription and inspection and test plan for monolithic ceiling structures. Another assignment part contains a plan for safety and health protection at work on the construction site and specialized topic is a noise study.