Durant l’exploitation d’une ligne de métro, l’opérateur de supervision est responsable de l’exécution de procédures pour la gestion des incidents. Cependant, lors de l’occurrence combinée d’incidents, les procédures utilisées peuvent se retrouver en concurrence. Dans ce cas, des situations ne garantissant pas la sécurité des personnes existent et un accident peut se déclencher. La démarche d’étude des procédures intègre tout d’abord leur représentation graphique avec la notation BPMN. Ces modèles de procédure, compréhensibles et accessibles, constituent ainsi une base de connaissances pour les industriels concernés. Ces modèles sont ensuite interprétés sous forme de réseaux de Petri pour ajouter une dynamique au système étudié. La notion de contrôlabilité et l’influence du contexte d’exécution sont alors introduites dans l’étude de procédures de gestion d’incident. Afin d’assurer la sécurité des personnes, des états interdits sont définis et identifiés parmi l’ensemble des états accessibles par l’application de la théorie du contrôle par supervision. Ces états interdits se caractérisent de manière originale : suivant leur inclusion dans un ensemble d’états particuliers mais également suivant la contrôlabilité de leurs transitions sortantes. Cette caractérisation innovante s’accompagne des algorithmes permettant de déterminer et d’éviter les états interdits. Afin d’orienter l’opérateur de supervision dans les actions à exécuter lors d’incidents combinés, des critères de différenciation des trajectoires admissibles évitant les états interdits sont également définis. Les résultats obtenus permettent de proposer une assistance à l’opérateur de supervision sous forme d’alertes et de conseils. Cette étude se base sur le système de supervision ATS développé par Thales et sur les procédures de gestion d’incident de l’un de leurs clients, la RATP. Un prototype de fonctionnalité d’aide à l’opérateur pour la gestion des incidents reposant sur le savoir-faire client a ainsi pu être intégré au logiciel de Thales. / During metro line operations, the supervision operator is responsible for the procedures’ execution when referring to incidents management. However, when combined incidents occur, procedures may be competing. In this particular case, situations which do not ensure people’s safety exist and an accident might happen. Firstly, the approach of studying these procedures integrates their graphical representation with the BPMN notation. These procedures’ models, understandable and accessible, provide a significant amount of knowledge for industrials in this area. Secondly, these models are performed as Petri nets to add dynamic to the system of interest. That is why, the notion of controllability and the influence of the execution context are introduced in the study of incidents management procedures. To ensure people’s safety, forbidden states are defined and identified among the states space with the supervisory control theory. These states are characterized in an original way : depending on their inclusion in a set of states but also depending on the controllability of their outgoing transitions. In addition to this innovative characterization, algorithms allow to determine and to avoid forbidden states. Criteria distinguish the admissible sequences which avoid forbidden states. These differentiation criteria are defined to steer the supervision operator through the actions he has to execute when combined incidents occur. Results allow us to provide assistance to the supervision operator with warnings and advice. This study is based on ATS supervision system developed by Thales and one of their customers’ incidents management procedures, the RATP. A prototype of operator support functionality for incidents management based on customer know-how has been implemented into Thales software.

MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE MAGÍSTER EN CONTROL DE GESTIÓN / Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) se ha convertido en un estándar para describir flujos de tareas. BPMN propone un conjunto de símbolos que representan el comportamiento de los procesos de negocios desde el punto de vista del usuario de un sistema de información y aporta descripción de elementos para la automatización computacional. Por otra parte, el comportamiento de procesos ha sido estudiado por decenas de años en Investigación Operativa bajo el nombre de Problema de Scheduling. A pesar de la estrecha relación, no se encuentra en la literatura ninguna referencia a ambos problemas en conjunto, ni ningún aporte desde el problema de Scheduling a la representación del comportamiento en BPMN. ¿Es posible enriquecer la capacidad descriptiva de BPMN con elementos del comportamiento estudiados en el problema de Scheduling? ¿Es posible que existan elementos del comportamiento de procesos de negocio relevantes que no estén representados en BPMN? ¿Cuáles son esos elementos?. Para responder a estas preguntas, investigamos en detalle el formalismo BPMN y el problema de Scheduling, identificamos diferencias y proponemos un conjunto de símbolos que añaden más descripción al comportamiento de los procesos de negocios desde el punto de vista del usuario. Adicionalmente, se hizo una revisión de dos trabajos previos que proponen mejoras a BPMN, pero que van en una dirección diferente a lo buscado en este trabajo. En este trabajo presentamos detalladamente el último estándar BPMN 2.0 y revisamos un voluminoso resumen del problema de Scheduling (Pinedo, 2016). Durante esta revisión, encontramos varios elementos prácticos relevantes del problema de Scheduling que no están representados en BPMN. Entre estos elementos destacan la velocidad de procesamiento, tiempo de procesamiento, la capacidad de procesamiento, la regla de prioridad y la función objetivo. Estudiando las diferencias, encontramos que hay elementos que describen el problema de Scheduling que deberían incorporarse al estándar BPMN, porque contribuyen a una mejor y más completa caracterización de los procesos. De hecho, con los atributos de velocidad, el tiempo de preparación y de procesamiento, se puede describir gráficamente la presencia de cuellos de botella y restricción de recursos. Adicionalmente, la regla de prioridad permite describir colas de espera impuestas por condiciones propias del negocio. Finalmente, la función objetivo permite comunicar de manera gráfica a los participantes del negocio cuáles son los objetivos que la organización requiere de los procesos. Hay algunos elementos propios de Scheduling que proponemos agregar sólo opcionalmente. Entre estas opciones están las restricciones que consideran la fecha de llegada de la tarea al sistema, los tiempos de espera entre máquinas, y familia de tareas. Con nuestra propuesta se robustece la capacidad descriptiva del estándar BPMN y lo hace apropiado a un mejor análisis consistente con la teoría de Scheduling.

This diploma thesis focuses on processes in project management based on international standard IPMA Comptence Baseline (ICB). Its main goal is to create process models of chosen technical competences of the ICB. The models were built in a program called Bizagi Modeler in accordance with an international standard Business Process Model and Notation. Results of this thesis are represented by the process models for each of the chosen technical competences and by an overall model that put all the created competences together. It helps to show connections between the competences as well as to understand the application of competences within the project cycle. Crucial steps of chosen competences are also applied to a model project for better understanding of a real application. Created process models may serve as a user guide for project managers who manage projects according to the ICB.

This thesis is focused on optimizing processes at Air Bank, a.s. The aim will be to analyze the banking process called. "Completing the new framework agreement" with the subsequent design optimization for faster problem solving. The first part will be presented theoretical insights that are intended to familiarize the reader with the basic concepts relating to the processes and their optimization. The next part will be focused on analysis of existing activities. Contribution of thesis will be in the analysis of selected processes and propose solutions that will have a real benefit for the operation of the entire department.

This diploma thesis focuses on business process modeling. The main theme is the use of business process modeling as a tool to increase business efficiency. The first part of the thesis provides a theoretical framework of process management and process modeling, in the context of both historical development and the latest trends. In the second part has been identified inefficiencies in the current process setup and several changes was suggested. The models were developed in accordance with the International Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) standard. Models were created in Bizagi Modeler. The result of this diploma thesis is optimized processes and proposals for their implementation in a particular company.

Business processes define workflows by structuring sets of activities according to given objectives. Process Modeling Languages (PMLs) provide graphical elements to define process models. Apart from use cases in finance and commerce, PMLs gain popularity in application domains such as Cyber-Physical Systems, the Internet of Things, ubiquitous computing, mobile devices, and scenarios happening in rural, restricted, or disaster-affected regions. Many of the domains are exposed to delayed, intermittent, or broken connectivity. Existing PMLs show limitations in considering connectivity-related issues, leading to failures and breakdowns at process runtime. This thesis addresses connectivity-related issues regarding the modeling and execution of resilient business processes taking place in unreliable communication environments. With resilient BPMN (rBPMN), an extension for the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) addressing environments with delayed, intermittent, or broken connectivity is introduced. rBPMN extends the BPMN metamodel by new elements for resilient process models. Domain experts may define alternatives for possibly failing message flows based on priorities or characteristics of the alternatives. Functionality offered by remote participants may be moved to other participants for local execution. This thesis illustrates approaches for the graph-based analysis of business processes regarding their resilient operation. By translating process models into directed graphs, graph algorithms allow to dynamically find the most suitable process path. Domain experts are enabled to identify non-resilient parts of a process model, allowing them to optimize the involved segments before runtime. Multi-criteria analysis approaches optimize process operation according to a chosen set of criteria. A real-world scenario of an environmental-friendly slurry application illustrates the use of rBPMN’s concepts and approaches for modeling and executing resilient processes. Technical approaches realizing rBPMN’s resilience strategies using a BPMN runtime engine and microservices are illustrated. The proof-of-concept implementations may be extended and adapted, serving as guides for other application domains.

No cenário atual, nota-se a constante busca das organizações para que se mantenham competitivas no mercado. Para apoiar a organização, tanto no nível operacional quanto no nível não operacional, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) é usada. Com intuito de apoiar as estratégias, as organizações usam a Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM Business Process Management) para identificar, definir e evoluir seus processos de negócio. Usando estes recursos, o framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) foi desenvolvido para contribuir na melhoria do alinhamento entre os níveis estratégicos e operacionais da organização, por meio do tratamento dos requisitos não funcionais nos processos de negócio. Este projeto de pesquisa propõe estender o framework StrAli-BPM com a criação de um novo componente para fazer a extração de informações de metas estratégicas organizacionais a serem usadas na modelagem de requisitos não funcionais de processos de negócio. Para auxiliar na melhoria do alinhamento estratégico, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM usa os Acordos em Nível de Negócio (BLA Business Level Agreement) para tratar os requisitos não funcionais. Além de tratar os requisitos não funcionais por meio de BLAs, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM define que o BLA deve dar origem aos Acordos em Nível de Serviço (SLA Service Level Agreement), ou seja, os SLAs devem ser derivados dos BLAs. No entanto, esta versão antiga não define quais informações das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas para compor BLAs. O novo componente proposto neste projeto de pesquisa, chamado Indicador Chave de Desempenho para Acordo em Nível de Negócio (KPI2BLA Key Performance Indicator to Business Level Agreements), se propõe a identificar quais informações relevantes das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas na criação dos requisitos não funcionais, que, posteriormente, devem servir para criação de BLAs / In the present scenario, there is the constant search for organizations to remain competitive in the market. And to support the organization, both at the operational level and in the non-operational level, the Information Technology (IT) is used. In order to support the strategies organizations use the Business Process Management (BPM) to identify, define and evolve their business processes. Using these features, the framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) is designed to contribute to improving the strategic alignment between the strategic and operational levels of the organization, through the treatment of non-functional requirements in the business process. This research project proposes to extend the StrAli-BPM framework with the creation of a new component to the extraction of organizational strategic goals information to be used in the modeling of non-functional requirements of business processes. To assist in improving the strategic alignment, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework uses the Agreements in Business Level (BLA) to treat the non-functional requirements. In addition to treating non-functional requirements through BLAs, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework defines the BLA should lead to agreements on service level (SLA), its mean, the SLAs should be derived from BLAs. However, this old version does not define what information the organizational strategic goals should be used to compose BLAs. The new component proposed in this research project, called Key Performance Indicator to Agreement on Business Level (KPI2BLA) aims to identify relevant information from organizational strategic goals should be used in the creation of requirements nonfunctional, which later must be used to create BLAs

Para permitir um efetivo gerenciamento de processos de negócio, o primeiro passo é o desenvolvimento de modelos de processo adequados aos objetivos das organizações. Tais modelos são utilizados para descreverem papéis e responsabilidades dos colaboradores nas organizações. Além disso, a modelagem de processos é de grande importância para documentar, entender e automatizar processos. As organizações, geralmente provêm documentos não estruturados e de difícil entendimento por parte dos analistas. Neste panorama, a modelagem de processos se torna demorada e de alto custo, podendo gerar modelos de processo que estão em desacordo com a realidade prevista pelas organizações. A extração de modelos ou fragmentos de processo a partir de descrições textuais pode contribuir para minimizar o esforço necessário à modelagem de processos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem para identificar elementos de processo de negócio em texto em linguagem natural de forma semiautomática. Baseado no estudo de processamento de linguagem natural, foi definido um conjunto de regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em descrição textual Além disso, para avaliar as regras de mapeamento e viabilizar a abordagem proposta, foi desenvolvido um protótipo capaz de identificar elementos de processo em texto de forma semiautomática. Para medir o desempenho do protótipo proposto, foram utilizadas métricas de recuperação de informação, tais como precisão, revocação e medida-F. Além disso, foram aplicados dois questionários com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação perante os usuários. As avaliações apresentam resultados promissores. A análise de 70 textos, apresentou, em média, 73,61% de precisão, 70,15% de revocação e 71,82% de medida-F. Além disso, os resultados do primeiro e segundo questionários apresentaram, em média, 91,66% de aceitação dos participantes. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é propor regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em texto em linguagem natural para auxiliar e minimizar o tempo necessário à modelagem de processos realizada pelos analistas de processo. / To enable effective business process management, the first step is the design of appropriate process models to the organization’s objectives. These models are used to describe roles and responsibilities of the employees in an organizations. In addition, business process modeling is very important to report, understand and automate processes. However, the documentation existent in organizations about such processes is mostly unstructured and difficult to be understood by analysts. In this context, process modeling becomes highly time consuming and expensive, generating process models that do not comply with the reality of the organizations. The extracting of process models from textual descriptions may contribute to minimize the effort required in process modeling. In this context, this dissertation proposes a semi-automatic approach to identify process elements in natural language text. Based on the study of natural language processing, it was defined a set of mapping rules to identify process elements in text. In addition, in order to evaluate the mapping rules and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed able to identify process elements in text in a semiautomatic way To measure the performance of the proposed prototype metrics were used to retrieve information such as precision, recall, and F-measure. In addition, two surveys were developed with the purpose of verifying the acceptance of the users. The evaluations present promising results. The analyses of 70 texts presented, on average, 73.61% precision, 70.15% recall and 71.82% F-measure. In addition, the results of the first and second surveys presented on average 91.66% acceptance of the participants. The main contribution of this work is to provide mapping rules for identify process elements in natural language text to support and minimize the time required for process modeling performed by process analysts.

No cenário atual, nota-se a constante busca das organizações para que se mantenham competitivas no mercado. Para apoiar a organização, tanto no nível operacional quanto no nível não operacional, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) é usada. Com intuito de apoiar as estratégias, as organizações usam a Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM Business Process Management) para identificar, definir e evoluir seus processos de negócio. Usando estes recursos, o framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) foi desenvolvido para contribuir na melhoria do alinhamento entre os níveis estratégicos e operacionais da organização, por meio do tratamento dos requisitos não funcionais nos processos de negócio. Este projeto de pesquisa propõe estender o framework StrAli-BPM com a criação de um novo componente para fazer a extração de informações de metas estratégicas organizacionais a serem usadas na modelagem de requisitos não funcionais de processos de negócio. Para auxiliar na melhoria do alinhamento estratégico, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM usa os Acordos em Nível de Negócio (BLA Business Level Agreement) para tratar os requisitos não funcionais. Além de tratar os requisitos não funcionais por meio de BLAs, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM define que o BLA deve dar origem aos Acordos em Nível de Serviço (SLA Service Level Agreement), ou seja, os SLAs devem ser derivados dos BLAs. No entanto, esta versão antiga não define quais informações das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas para compor BLAs. O novo componente proposto neste projeto de pesquisa, chamado Indicador Chave de Desempenho para Acordo em Nível de Negócio (KPI2BLA Key Performance Indicator to Business Level Agreements), se propõe a identificar quais informações relevantes das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas na criação dos requisitos não funcionais, que, posteriormente, devem servir para criação de BLAs / In the present scenario, there is the constant search for organizations to remain competitive in the market. And to support the organization, both at the operational level and in the non-operational level, the Information Technology (IT) is used. In order to support the strategies organizations use the Business Process Management (BPM) to identify, define and evolve their business processes. Using these features, the framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) is designed to contribute to improving the strategic alignment between the strategic and operational levels of the organization, through the treatment of non-functional requirements in the business process. This research project proposes to extend the StrAli-BPM framework with the creation of a new component to the extraction of organizational strategic goals information to be used in the modeling of non-functional requirements of business processes. To assist in improving the strategic alignment, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework uses the Agreements in Business Level (BLA) to treat the non-functional requirements. In addition to treating non-functional requirements through BLAs, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework defines the BLA should lead to agreements on service level (SLA), its mean, the SLAs should be derived from BLAs. However, this old version does not define what information the organizational strategic goals should be used to compose BLAs. The new component proposed in this research project, called Key Performance Indicator to Agreement on Business Level (KPI2BLA) aims to identify relevant information from organizational strategic goals should be used in the creation of requirements nonfunctional, which later must be used to create BLAs

This doctoral dissertation thesis has impact to holistically development extension of information systems. Thesis has impact to analytical models and its transformation methods. This thesis is focused on models Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Business Object Relational Modeling (BORM). Model BPMN is developed since 2000. Model BORM is developed since 1993 and it is older. The thesis general target was extension of holistically development of information systems. The main target was to bridge the gap between BPMN and BORM models. This thesis was inspired by Finite State Machine (FSM). The state of the art describes approaches to models transformation. In the analytical part the mathematical formula are used to describe transformation. This part is used to base for the implementation part. The implementation part contains transformation algorithm its description and verification on the case studies. Impact of developed transformation method is validated on the comparison with the other approaches. The targets were aimed and documented automated transformation calculus. The impact of automated BPMN and BORM models connection using transformation method. The result is method of automated transformation from BPMN model to BORM model using algorithm. The transformation method is based on the Mealy automaton.