Our world is more technologically advanced and interdependent, risks are increasingly shared across local, regional and national boundaries and we are more culturally diverse than ever before. As a result, communities are increasingly confronted with emergencies and crises which challenge their social and economic stability. To be resilient, communities rely on services and employment provided by organisations, to enable them to plan for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and crises. However organisational and community resilience are two sides of the same coin; if organisations are not prepared to respond to emergencies and crises, communities too are not prepared. Resilient organisations are also better poised to develop competitive advantage. However despite the potential business and performance rewards of becoming more resilient, organisations struggle to prioritise resilience and to allocate resources to resilience, which could be put to more immediate use. To enable organisations to invest in their resilience, the business case for resilience must be better than the case for new equipment or new staff. This thesis develops a methodology and survey tool for measuring and benchmarking organisational resilience. Previous qualitative case study research is reviewed and operationalised as a resilience measurement tool. The tool is tested on a random sample of Auckland organisations and factor analysis is used to further develop the instrument. The resilience benchmarking methodology is designed to guide organisations’ use of the resilience measurement tool and its incorporation into business-as-usual continuous improvement. Significant contributions of this thesis include a new model of organisational resilience, the resilience measurement tool, and the resilience benchmarking methodology. Together these outputs translate the concept of resilience for organisations and provide information on resilience strengths and weaknesses that enable them to proactively address their resilience and to develop a business case for resilience investment.

<p>The United States presents the appropriate conditions for a wider adoption of offsite construction (OSC): steady growth in the construction industry, high construction wages, shortage of labors, and demand for housing – especially multifamily housing. The multifamily housing market is overheated, but many design and construction companies are still struggling to stay strong in this market, marked by tight profit margins, high competitiveness and inefficiencies. OSC presents itself as a solution to help design and construction companies to become more efficient and resilient to potential market crises. However, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is hesitant to move to higher levels of OSC adoption, mainly because stakeholders, including owners, developers, designers, and construction companies, are not aware of the potential benefits resulting from OSC and are not prepared to promote the changes necessary for the successful adoption of OSC or for the engagement in modular construction, which would represent an important move towards industrialized construction. This study focused on how to implement strategic changes in design and construction companies, particularly small and medium-size enterprises, interested in successfully using OSC in multifamily housing projects, considering the need for more affordable and sustainable multifamily housing in the United States. Using mixed methods, the study involved five phases of data collection and data analysis and had the contribution of professionals from the AEC industry. Focusing only on the AEC industry of the United States, the researcher first identified the main factors affecting the use of OSC in multifamily projects, as well as the most important changes that design and construction companies need to adopt for the successful use of OSC in multifamily projects. The factors and the changes helped to structure and shape the scope of the principles, which were later consolidated and validated through research with professionals from design and construction companies. The final set of eight principles was divided into four topics: (1) strategy and business model, (2) people, organization, and culture, (3) technology, materials, and tools, and (4) processes and operations. In addition to helping to shape more efficient and resilient construction companies, the application of the proposed principles contributes to building more affordable and sustainable housing in the United States.</p>

Tras la propagación del virus de la COVID-19 en el mundo, la población y las industrias se han visto afectadas, trayendo consigo no sólo contagios y defunciones a causa de la enfermedad, sino además trayendo pérdidas significativas de empleo, cierre de organizaciones, entre otros. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las acciones resilientes y autoeficaces a nivel empresarial en el sector hotelero ante un escenario de crisis.  Analizar la diferencia entre una acción resiliente y autoeficaz, a nivel empresarial. Asimismo, describir el proceso de la adopción de acciones resilientes y autoeficaces en empresas del sector turístico con énfasis en el hotelero. La investigación sigue la revisión integradora, con el uso de referencias como: artículos, libros y textos publicados. El propósito de este estudio es reunir enfoques y aproximaciones de diferentes disciplinas como administración, hotelería y psicología organizacional, que servirán para desarrollar la investigación que se orienta al sector turístico y hotelero. Finalmente, se combinan diferentes perspectivas para identificar un marco teórico dirigido al sector hotelero y las actitudes que van tomando las empresas ante un escenario de crisis. / After the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the world, the population and industries have been affected, bringing with it not only infections and deaths due to the disease, but also causing significant job losses, closure of organizations, among others. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze resilient and self-effective actions at the business level in the hotel sector in a crisis scenario. Analyze the difference between a resilient and self-effective action, at the business level. Also, describe the process of adopting resilient and self-effective actions in companies in the tourism sector with an emphasis on the hotelier. The research follows the integrative review, with the use of references such as: articles, books and published texts. The purpose of this study is to bring together approaches and approaches from different disciplines such as administration, hospitality and organizational psychology, which will serve to develop research aimed at the tourism and hotel sector. Finally, different perspectives are combined to identify a theoretical framework aimed at the hotel sector and the attitudes that companies are taking in a crisis scenario. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de estudiar el desarrollo de la resiliencia empresarial en los negocios de panadería; esto surge debido a la pandemia generada por la enfermedad de Coronavirus del 2019 y a la necesidad que presentaron las empresas de mantenerse funcionando a pesar de la coyuntura. Para ello se estableció como objetivo general el análisis de la resiliencia empresarial en las MIPYMES del sector panadero durante la pandemia por COVID 19 en la ciudad de Lambayeque 2021; se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo de diseño no experimental, cuyo instrumento fue la entrevista; se trabajó con una muestra intencional compuesta por los propietarios de 6 empresas que permanecieron activas durante la coyuntura y tuvieran un mínimo de 2 años dentro del mercado. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar todas las estrategias que ayudaron a las panaderías a seguir funcionando, como también la falta de estructura organizacional en este tipo de negocios; concluyendo así en la presencia de la resiliencia empresarial en este sector y en la practicidad de su aplicación empírica dentro del sector panadero. / The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of studying the development of business resilience in bakery businesses. This arises due to the pandemic generated by the 2019 Coronavirus disease and the need that companies presented to keep operating despite the situation. For this, the analysis of business resilience in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the bakery sector during the COVID 19 pandemic in the city of Lambayeque 2021 was established as a general objective. A qualitative approach of non-experimental design was used, whose instrument was the interview. We worked with an intentional sample made up of the owners of 6 companies that remained active during the situation and had been in the market for a minimum of 2 years. The results obtained allowed us to identify all the strategies that helped the bakeries to continue operating, as well as the lack of organizational structure in this type of business; this concluding in the presence of business resilience in this type of business and in the practicality of its empirical application within the bakery sector.

The interconnectedness of global supply chains, combined with disruptive events like the Covid-19 pandemic, has emphasized the significance of enhancing supply chain resilience (SCRes). Thus, this study aims to investigate how businesses employ SCRes recovery strategies to address extreme supply chain disruptions (SCD). To contribute empirical evidence on reactive SCRes strategies, qualitative methodology was employed, with a specific emphasis on the construction department at Northvolt. The construction industry serves as an apt context for assessing and offers valuable insights. Unstructured and semi-structured interviews were conducted with supply chain executives within the company to collect the data. The findings reveal specific challenges faced by the construction department at Northvolt in the face of global supply chain disruptions, shedding light on their responsive strategies. This study not only emphasizes the necessity of cultivating all SCRes capabilities but also contributes valuable empirical evidence to the field. The implications of these findings extend beyond Northvolt, providing actionable insights for businesses in the construction industry and offering recommendations for enhancing overall supply chain resilience. / Den ökande globala kopplingen mellan leverantörskedjor, tillsammans med störande händelser som Covid-19-pandemin, har understrukit betydelsen av att förbättra leverantörskedjors motståndskraft (SCRes). Denna studie syftar därför till att undersöka hur företag använder sig av SCRes-återhämtningsstrategier för att hantera extrema störningar i leverantörskedjan (SCD). För att bidra med empiriska bevis om reaktiva SCRes-strategier användes kvalitativ metodik, med särskild tonvikt på byggavdelningen på Northvolt. Byggbranschen fungerar som en lämplig kontext för bedömning och erbjuder värdefulla insikter. Ostrukturerade och halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med företagets leverantörskedjechefer för att samla in data. Resultaten avslöjar specifika utmaningar som byggavdelningen på Northvolt står inför i ljuset av globala störningar i leverantörskedjan och belyser deras responsstrategier. Denna studie betonar inte bara nödvändigheten av att odla alla SCRes-förmågor utan bidrar också med värdefulla empiriska bevis till området. Resultatens implikationer sträcker sig bortom Northvolt och ger handlingsbara insikter för företag inom byggbranschen, samt erbjuder rekommendationer för att förbättra övergripande motståndskraft i leverantörskedjan.