Esta pesquisa busca caracterizar as concepções de popularização da ciência e da tecnologia (C&T) que permearam o discurso e as ações do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) do Brasil, na gestão 2003-2006. Como parte do processo, foram exploradas as relações que, nesse discurso, são estabelecidas entre museus de ciências, popularização da ciência e divulgação científica, tomando como referência uma ação especificamente desenvolvida pelo MCT no âmbito dos museus de ciências: o Edital Seleção Pública de Propostas para Apoio a Museus e Centros de Ciências, formulado em 2003. Como referenciais teóricos, foram utilizados estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito da sociologia da ciência, da comunicação pública da ciência, da divulgação científica e da comunicação em museus. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, usando dados coletados em documentos e em entrevistas. Os documentos foram textos oficiais do MCT no período 2003-2006 e projetos apresentados ao Edital; as entrevistas consideraram consultores do Comitê Temático de Divulgação Científica do CNPq e profissionais de museus de ciências beneficiários do Edital. Os dados coletados mostram que a área de popularização da C&T está sendo legitimada politicamente pelo MCT por meio da consolidação do Departamento de Difusão e Popularização da C&T e por meio de financiamentos, auxílios e diversas ações empreendidas. A análise dos dados coletados nos mostrou, também, que o discurso de popularização de C&T, caracterizado por tensões entre atividades informacionais e dialógicas, se divide entre a transmissão de conteúdos científicos e o estímulo à participação cidadã em assuntos de ciência e tecnologia. Apesar das atividades informacionais predominarem nas práticas do MCT, foi possível identificar claras intenções, por parte do governo, em abandonar modelos deficitários e dar espaço para modelos mais participativos e democráticos. Essas intenções aparecem associadas à formulação de uma política pública para popularização da C&T e isso pode indicar um interesse por assumir compromissos a médio e longo prazos. Em relação ao Edital selecionado, existe intenção por parte do governo de estabelecer estreitas relações entre museus, popularização e ensino de ciências; no entanto, os projetos analisados mostraram que quando esta relação é levada à prática, ela privilegia atividades informacionais, voltadas para transmissão de conteúdos científicos e associadas a públicos escolares. Ainda sobre os projetos apresentados pelos museus ao Edital, foi possível identificar atividades dirigidas para públicos não-escolares, propostas em uma lógica participativa e democrática de divulgação científica; essas iniciativas revelam a potencialidade da relação que pode ser estabelecida entre museus e popularização da ciência. / This research aims to characterize the concepts of science and technology popularization (S&T) that guided the discourse and the actions of the Science and Technology Ministry (STM) of Brazil, between the years 2003-2006. As part of the process, we examined the relations established among science museums and the processes of popularization and divulgation of science. We took as a standpoint one specific action developed by the STM towards science museums: the Public Call for proposals in financing Museums and Science Centers advertised in 2003. The theoretical framework used was based on studies developed in the area of sociology of science, public science communication, scientific divulgation and communication in museums. We used a qualitative approach with data collected in documents and through interviews. The sources consulted were official documents of the STM from 2003-2006 and the projects presented to the call for proposals. The interviews were performed with the members of the Thematic Committee of Scientific Divulgation of CNPq and professionals of science museums that would benefit from the Grant. The data showed that the popularization of Science and Technology currently receives support by the STM through the consolidation of the Department of Science and Technology for Diffusion and Popularization, including financial support and several other actions. Our analysis also showed that the discourse of popularization of S&T, characterized by tensions between informational and dialogical activities, is divided in the transmission of scientific contents and the incentive to the citizen participation in topics related to science and technology. Despite the predominance of informational activities of MCT, we identified in the governmental policy the intention to abandon deficient models, and to offer spaces for more participative and democratic models. Those intentions appear associated to the formulation of a public policy for popularization of C&T, and indicate an interest for assuming medium and long term commitments. In relation to the selected Public Call, it was evident the governmental intention of enhancing relationships between museum and popularization and science teaching. However, the analyzed projects showed that when this relationship is taken into practice, it privileges informational activities, turning back to the transmission of scientific content and associated to a school audience. Even so, the analysis of all projects presented by the museums to the Public Call showed activities designed for a more general population, and proposed in a participative and democratic context of scientific popularization. Those initiatives reveal the potentiality of the relationship that can be established between museums and science.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o papel do Banco Mundial como consolidador e articulador de comunidades epistêmicas em dois projetos elaborados conjuntamente com Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990. Considerando abordagens de teoria das relações internacionais sobre incorporações de novos atores na participação de tomada de decisão compartilhada, mais especificamente de comunidades epistêmicas, assim como os documentos oficiais dos projetos, analisamos a terceira fase das reformas na área de C&T no Brasil e a reforma na área de educação superior na Argentina. / This thesis aims to understand the World Bank\'s role as consolidator and articulator of epistemic communities in two projects developed jointly with Brazil and Argentina in the 1990s. Considering approaches to international relations theory on incorporation of new actors in the participation of shared decision making, more specifically of epistemic communities, as well as official documents of the projects, we analyze the third phase of reforms in the area of science and technology in Brazil and reform in the Higher Educations area in Argentina.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o papel do Banco Mundial como consolidador e articulador de comunidades epistêmicas em dois projetos elaborados conjuntamente com Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990. Considerando abordagens de teoria das relações internacionais sobre incorporações de novos atores na participação de tomada de decisão compartilhada, mais especificamente de comunidades epistêmicas, assim como os documentos oficiais dos projetos, analisamos a terceira fase das reformas na área de C&T no Brasil e a reforma na área de educação superior na Argentina. / This thesis aims to understand the World Bank\'s role as consolidator and articulator of epistemic communities in two projects developed jointly with Brazil and Argentina in the 1990s. Considering approaches to international relations theory on incorporation of new actors in the participation of shared decision making, more specifically of epistemic communities, as well as official documents of the projects, we analyze the third phase of reforms in the area of science and technology in Brazil and reform in the Higher Educations area in Argentina.

The thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One is the discussion of background, including the development of keyboard music after 17th century in France, and famous composers with their styles of creation. Chapter Two focuses on César Franck¡¦s developmental track of music and his creation of masterpieces. Chapter Three depends on compositional style, dividing into two periods to discuss Franck¡¦s piano music. Chapter Four mainly introduces Franck¡¦s unique creative technique of piano music, featuring the traditional influence from polyphonic and contrapuntal music in Baroque era, cyclic form, phrasing structure and harmonic language. Chapter Five separately discusses formal structure and characteristic features in Prélude, Chorale et Fugue and Prélude, Aria et Final. Finally, we make a conclusion for the whole research. In 19th century, Franck was one of the most important piano composers in France. Prélude, Chorale et Fugue and Prélude, Aria et Final were his most important works, sufficiently presenting Franck¡¦s distinguished compositional style. They opened not only a new field for his composite of piano music, but also brought deep influence on many following composers.

Context: Current unsustainable practices have resulted in the depletion of natural resources and a prevailing material scarcity. Urban Mining has emerged in this context and suggests the “mining” of cities or other sources in urban areas to retrieve valuable resources. It raises the topic of how urban mining as a market segment of the construction industry is like today and in the future.  Objective: The thesis sets out to study what firms in the urban mining market segment desires in terms of needs and priorities. Furthermore, what could be prioritized in the future (2030), what future scenarios could be expected and what implications these can have on organizations within the segment and on the construction industry.  Method: A foresight methodology was applied as a framework for the research design. Interview with representatives from 10 firms, including observations of their operations, resulted in a number of mutual needs shared across the urban mining segment. These were prioritized in relative importance based on a questionnaire of 67 respondents representing 44 different firms in Sweden. A combination of these studies and a review of technology trends further enabled the extrapolation of future scenarios.  Results: The findings shows that firms within the urban mining market segment prioritizes and emphasizes needs related concerns in optimization, cost control, safety, environmental and social care today. Needs related to safety, environmental and social care are indicated to remain top prioritized as a result of the future market circumstances. A holistic and lifecycle approach in urban mining practices was deemed of low priority today but was indicated to grow significantly in relative importance in the future.  Conclusion: Technology, urbanization and globalization indicates stricter and more competitive market circumstances in the future. Especially related to safety, lifecycle consideration, environmental, and social care. The research suggests that firms concerned and those operating within the urban mining segment may need to undergo transformational changes in their organization to meet what the market segment expects in the future. Moreover, the findings opens up the possibility for actors and stakeholders concerned with the construction industry to proactively go into a desired future by knowing how the future market could unfold. / Stanford University, ME310: Urban Mining

Esta pesquisa busca caracterizar as concepções de popularização da ciência e da tecnologia (C&T) que permearam o discurso e as ações do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) do Brasil, na gestão 2003-2006. Como parte do processo, foram exploradas as relações que, nesse discurso, são estabelecidas entre museus de ciências, popularização da ciência e divulgação científica, tomando como referência uma ação especificamente desenvolvida pelo MCT no âmbito dos museus de ciências: o Edital Seleção Pública de Propostas para Apoio a Museus e Centros de Ciências, formulado em 2003. Como referenciais teóricos, foram utilizados estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito da sociologia da ciência, da comunicação pública da ciência, da divulgação científica e da comunicação em museus. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, usando dados coletados em documentos e em entrevistas. Os documentos foram textos oficiais do MCT no período 2003-2006 e projetos apresentados ao Edital; as entrevistas consideraram consultores do Comitê Temático de Divulgação Científica do CNPq e profissionais de museus de ciências beneficiários do Edital. Os dados coletados mostram que a área de popularização da C&T está sendo legitimada politicamente pelo MCT por meio da consolidação do Departamento de Difusão e Popularização da C&T e por meio de financiamentos, auxílios e diversas ações empreendidas. A análise dos dados coletados nos mostrou, também, que o discurso de popularização de C&T, caracterizado por tensões entre atividades informacionais e dialógicas, se divide entre a transmissão de conteúdos científicos e o estímulo à participação cidadã em assuntos de ciência e tecnologia. Apesar das atividades informacionais predominarem nas práticas do MCT, foi possível identificar claras intenções, por parte do governo, em abandonar modelos deficitários e dar espaço para modelos mais participativos e democráticos. Essas intenções aparecem associadas à formulação de uma política pública para popularização da C&T e isso pode indicar um interesse por assumir compromissos a médio e longo prazos. Em relação ao Edital selecionado, existe intenção por parte do governo de estabelecer estreitas relações entre museus, popularização e ensino de ciências; no entanto, os projetos analisados mostraram que quando esta relação é levada à prática, ela privilegia atividades informacionais, voltadas para transmissão de conteúdos científicos e associadas a públicos escolares. Ainda sobre os projetos apresentados pelos museus ao Edital, foi possível identificar atividades dirigidas para públicos não-escolares, propostas em uma lógica participativa e democrática de divulgação científica; essas iniciativas revelam a potencialidade da relação que pode ser estabelecida entre museus e popularização da ciência. / This research aims to characterize the concepts of science and technology popularization (S&T) that guided the discourse and the actions of the Science and Technology Ministry (STM) of Brazil, between the years 2003-2006. As part of the process, we examined the relations established among science museums and the processes of popularization and divulgation of science. We took as a standpoint one specific action developed by the STM towards science museums: the Public Call for proposals in financing Museums and Science Centers advertised in 2003. The theoretical framework used was based on studies developed in the area of sociology of science, public science communication, scientific divulgation and communication in museums. We used a qualitative approach with data collected in documents and through interviews. The sources consulted were official documents of the STM from 2003-2006 and the projects presented to the call for proposals. The interviews were performed with the members of the Thematic Committee of Scientific Divulgation of CNPq and professionals of science museums that would benefit from the Grant. The data showed that the popularization of Science and Technology currently receives support by the STM through the consolidation of the Department of Science and Technology for Diffusion and Popularization, including financial support and several other actions. Our analysis also showed that the discourse of popularization of S&T, characterized by tensions between informational and dialogical activities, is divided in the transmission of scientific contents and the incentive to the citizen participation in topics related to science and technology. Despite the predominance of informational activities of MCT, we identified in the governmental policy the intention to abandon deficient models, and to offer spaces for more participative and democratic models. Those intentions appear associated to the formulation of a public policy for popularization of C&T, and indicate an interest for assuming medium and long term commitments. In relation to the selected Public Call, it was evident the governmental intention of enhancing relationships between museum and popularization and science teaching. However, the analyzed projects showed that when this relationship is taken into practice, it privileges informational activities, turning back to the transmission of scientific content and associated to a school audience. Even so, the analysis of all projects presented by the museums to the Public Call showed activities designed for a more general population, and proposed in a participative and democratic context of scientific popularization. Those initiatives reveal the potentiality of the relationship that can be established between museums and science.

Cílem této práce je návrh nové techniky pro stabilizaci obrazu za pomoci hardwarové akcelerace prostřednictvím GPGPU. Využití této techniky umožnuje stabilizaci videosekvencí v reálném čase i pro video ve vysokém rozlišení. Toho je zapotřebí pro ulehčení dalšího zpracování v počítačovém vidění nebo v armádních aplikacích. Z důvodu existence vícerých programovacích modelů pro GPGPU je navrhnutý stabilizační algoritmus implementován ve třech nejpoužívanějších z nich. Jejich výkon a výsledky jsou následně porovnány a diskutovány.

Odor problems are a common complaint from residents living near landfills. Many compounds can cause malodorous conditions. However, hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has been identified as a principal odorous component from construction and demolition (c&d)debris landfills. Although several studies have reported the ambient concentrations of h2s near c&d landfills, few studies have quantified emission rates of h2s. The most widely used and proven technique for measuring gas emission rates from landfills is the flux chamber method. Typically the flux chamber is a cylindrical enclosure device with a spherical top which limits the gas emission area. Pure zero grade air is introduced into the chamber, allowed to mix with emitting gases captured from the landfill surface, and then transported to the exit port where concentrations can be measured. Flux measurements using the flux chamber were performed at five different c&d landfills from june to august, 2003. The flux rates of h2s measured in this research were three to six orders of magnitude lower than the flux rates of methane reported in the literature. In addition to the h2s flux measurements, dispersion modeling was conducted, using the epa dispersion model, industrial source complex short term (iscst3), in order to evaluate impacts on landfill workers and communities around the landfills. The modeling results were analyzed to estimate the potential ground level maximum h2s concentrations for 1-hr and 3-min periods and the frequency (occurrences per year) above the h2s odor detection threshold for each landfill. Odor complaints could be expected from four among five landfills selected for this study, based on 0.5-ppb odor detection threshold.

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar como se dá a inserção e a vivência cotidiana de um grupo de mulheres em sala de aula nos cursos de Engenharia Elétrica e Ciência da Computação em uma faculdade localizada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo RMSP, investigando os obstáculos enfrentados por elas nesses cursos e considerando as estratégias que utilizam para se manterem neles. Foram realizadas entrevistadas semi-estruturadas com 49 alunas, sendo sete do curso de Engenharia e 42 do curso de Computação. Com base na análise das entrevistas foi possível perceber não apenas as diferentes formas de exclusão a que ficam expostas as alunas desses cursos cujo corpo discente é em maioria do sexo masculino, mas também as táticas utilizadas por elas para conseguir permanecer no curso e enfrentar a discriminação e as atitudes preconceituosas de colegas e professores, em geral evitando o embate direto e inventando formas sutis de convivência com as adversidades em sala de aula. / This study aims to examine the insertion and daily life of a group of women in the classroom in the courses of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at a college located in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo - RMSP. It investigates the obstacles faced by them in these courses and the strategies they use to remain in them. We performed semi-structured interviews with 49 students, seven students of Engineering and 42 students of computing. Based on the analysis of the interviews, we could comprehend not only the different forms of exclusion that the female students of these courses are exposed to, in which the majority of students are male, but also the tactics they use to remain in the course and to deal with discrimination and biased attitudes of colleagues and teachers. In general, they avoid clash and invent subtle ways to co-exist with adversities in the classroom.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo descrever e conceituar o habitual sistema de remoção dos resíduos de construção e demolição, ou RCD, através do preenchimento de recipientes metálicos avulsos posicionados nos espaços públicos urbanos fronteiros às obras - mais conhecido como sistema de caçambas estacionárias - particularmente quando praticado em comunidades de médio porte do interior, e das conseqüências ou influencias de sua adoção sobre a malha viária urbana local, mediante uma análise de sua efetivação em seis cidades médias situadas no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, assim como aportar subsídios sobre esse assunto, preconizando o desenvolvimento de metodologia apropriada. / The objective of this work is to describe and to concept the commonly system used to remove away the C&DD (construction and demolition debris), by filling single mettalic open up boxes located in the nearest urban public spaces of the building site - that it\'s so-called stationary skips or dump-cart system - specially when used in medium size communities in the Brazil\'s hinterland, and the consequences or influencies of its adoption concerning the local urban street\'s net, based upon an analysis of its reality in six medium towns in the middle-west of São Paulo State, as well to increase knowledge about this matter, and precognize the development of one proper methodology.