本論文主要從宏觀角度來探討中共的科技體制改革。在基本思路上，要點有三，首先是從歷史背景與發展沿革出發，來探討中共傳統科技體制之體系結構、運作特質，及其與改革開放大環境的矛盾及扞恪不入之處，嘗試自內外環境的制約因素，以反映傳統體制的侷限性及其所面臨的困境，說明其不得不改革的原因；其次則是自中共實質權力掌控者－鄧小平的科技改革觀切入，從鄧本人相關言論觀點的內容分析，勾勒出中共科技體制改革的完整構想，接著闡述改革的總體目標與二階段改革的政策措施，按類別重點區隔，探討其科技體制改革的內涵與進展，漸次描繪出其新體制的輪廓與框架，及其未來繼續深化體制改革的程度與可能性；最後則綜合各方對中共科技體制改革之正面與負面的評價，配合官方所披露的數據指標，對其改革工作作一總結與預判。全文計分五章十四節，共約十七萬字，茲就各章之提要列述如次：第一章：導論。陳述選擇此一研究主題的動機與目的，並界定中共科技體制的範疇，說明於研究過程取材的限制因素，再提出論文架構與研究途徑。第二章：科技體制的沿革。以對中共科技工作產生結構性影響作用之重大決策或事件作為分水嶺，重點式陳述自解放初期迄至1980年中共科技體制的發展過程，並說明傳統體制的結構與特質。第三章：體制改革進程。先從體制本身的制約因素談起，說明傳統體制的瓶頸；次則剖析鄧小平的科技改革觀，說明鄧本人改革的整體構想；第三則是細述兩個階段的改革過程，對其重要政策宣示，作一綜合性闡述。第四章：體制改革內涵。從運行機制、組織結構、人事管理制度等三方面的改革作為，剖析改革的總體目標，探討改革的內涵與進展，針對中共推出前所未有的改革新舉措之目標、策略與成效，做一扼要解析，期能勾繪出它所企求的新體制藍圖。第五章：體制改革評估（代結論）。試圖從以上幾章的論述，結合大陸科技界的相關資料，檢証改革成效，並預判未來可能走向。

This dissertation looks at the technological innovation and market competitiveness of the solar PV industry in China, and examines the role played by policy and markets in the development of the industry. Using solar cell lab efficiency and the quality and quantity of solar PV patents as indicators, this study finds that, unlike what conventional wisdom assumes, China is closing the innovation gap between itself and the world’s leading innovators. This is mainly due to three reasons: a national strategic vision for innovation, growing public and private R&D investment, and an innovation ecosystem made of government sponsored science and technology programs and technology-specific global innovation networks. Solar PV manufacturing in China thrived on a fully-developed self-sufficient domestic supply chain that features a few highly concentrated industrial clusters, such as the one in the Yangtze River Delta area. The agglomeration economies it created, combined with economies of scale development, commercialization-oriented innovation, and attention to low-cost production are mainly responsible for the competitiveness of the solar PV manufacturing industry in China. However, weakness in tooling and material production due to a lack of advanced scientific knowledge and manufacturing skills constrains the further development of the supply chain. The emphasis on process innovation also renders the industry vulnerable to disruptive technologies. Moving forward, policymakers should continue to promote global research networks and local production networks, and use innovation as a crosscutting lever to integrate R&D conducted in labs with innovation needed in the manufacturing sector and the supply chain.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o papel do Banco Mundial como consolidador e articulador de comunidades epistêmicas em dois projetos elaborados conjuntamente com Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990. Considerando abordagens de teoria das relações internacionais sobre incorporações de novos atores na participação de tomada de decisão compartilhada, mais especificamente de comunidades epistêmicas, assim como os documentos oficiais dos projetos, analisamos a terceira fase das reformas na área de C&T no Brasil e a reforma na área de educação superior na Argentina. / This thesis aims to understand the World Bank\'s role as consolidator and articulator of epistemic communities in two projects developed jointly with Brazil and Argentina in the 1990s. Considering approaches to international relations theory on incorporation of new actors in the participation of shared decision making, more specifically of epistemic communities, as well as official documents of the projects, we analyze the third phase of reforms in the area of science and technology in Brazil and reform in the Higher Educations area in Argentina.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o papel do Banco Mundial como consolidador e articulador de comunidades epistêmicas em dois projetos elaborados conjuntamente com Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990. Considerando abordagens de teoria das relações internacionais sobre incorporações de novos atores na participação de tomada de decisão compartilhada, mais especificamente de comunidades epistêmicas, assim como os documentos oficiais dos projetos, analisamos a terceira fase das reformas na área de C&T no Brasil e a reforma na área de educação superior na Argentina. / This thesis aims to understand the World Bank\'s role as consolidator and articulator of epistemic communities in two projects developed jointly with Brazil and Argentina in the 1990s. Considering approaches to international relations theory on incorporation of new actors in the participation of shared decision making, more specifically of epistemic communities, as well as official documents of the projects, we analyze the third phase of reforms in the area of science and technology in Brazil and reform in the Higher Educations area in Argentina.

The aim of the research was to investigate the current state of scientific and technological (S&T) information service provision in Thailand with a focus on its role of supporting research and development. The ultimate goal of the research was to develop a service model(s) which could aid the modernisation of the S&T information service. The information policies and strategic management at national and institutional levels were examined together with present and future roles in service provision and barriers to S&T information development. The research framework was constructed on the basis of theoretical models of the provision and management of effective information services. The institutions which participated in this research included 46 academic and special libraries in Thailand, hereafter called S&T information centres, and two funding agencies. The data were collected using a variety of research tools, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods, namely, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The questionnaires were distributed to five groups of respondents: executives, managers, librarians or staff, end-users, and executives or policy-makers of funding agencies. Two hundred and eighty-nine questionnaires were sent by post to 45 S&T information centres and two funding agencies whilst 703 questionnaires were also distributed to end-users. Interviews were performed with 55 executives and library managers. Three focus groups were organised on different topics, with a total of 36 participants. The major findings showed that national information policy in relation to S&T information was still relatively ineffective with roles and responsibilities of stakeholders not explicitly identified. In general, the results showed that institutional information policies exist but weak communication between executives, managers, and staff caused problems with implementation and interpretation. Most S&T centres were found to have strategic plans. The focus of these were on issues of integrated ICT infrastructure, acquisition of electronic resources, service improvement, communication with users and feedback, user education, cost effective use of resources, E-library transition and knowledge sharing. The development of resource sharing via computerised networks was considered to be paramount; progress to date was thought to be slow due to a lack of policies at national and institutional levels. Users' information literacy was still found to be an issue, particularly in respect of making effective use of electronic resources. The thesis provided recommendations for a national network for S&T information provision to be designed and managed by a hosting provider.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The ability to transition technology developments to operational systems is of great importance to the Department of the Navy (DoN). One way to achieve increased transitions is to operate more efficiently - more "like a business." Over the years significant programmatic and policy changes have been introduced in the DoN. One of these changes was the initiation of a new science and technology (S & T) transition process for delivering new capabilities in a more focused manner -- the Future Naval Capability (FNC) process. This thesis examines the FNC technology transition process from a business process perspective. A number of common business parameters are researched and used for comparison to the FNC Process. The goals and objectives of the FNC Process are documented and feedback is obtained from the stakeholder community. Although the FNC Process is new, and remains a work-in-progress, the results of this thesis reveal frustration and concern from all stakeholder communities regarding continued difficulties with the process for delivering new capabilities to the warfighter. In comparing FNC Process parameters to those in the commercial sector this research identifies areas where the FNC operations differ from the private sector. In those areas where useful comparisons can be made the FNC metrics fall short. To realize the increased transitions desired, fundamental changes are still needed. / Civilian, Naval Air Systems Command, United States Navy

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar como se dá a inserção e a vivência cotidiana de um grupo de mulheres em sala de aula nos cursos de Engenharia Elétrica e Ciência da Computação em uma faculdade localizada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo RMSP, investigando os obstáculos enfrentados por elas nesses cursos e considerando as estratégias que utilizam para se manterem neles. Foram realizadas entrevistadas semi-estruturadas com 49 alunas, sendo sete do curso de Engenharia e 42 do curso de Computação. Com base na análise das entrevistas foi possível perceber não apenas as diferentes formas de exclusão a que ficam expostas as alunas desses cursos cujo corpo discente é em maioria do sexo masculino, mas também as táticas utilizadas por elas para conseguir permanecer no curso e enfrentar a discriminação e as atitudes preconceituosas de colegas e professores, em geral evitando o embate direto e inventando formas sutis de convivência com as adversidades em sala de aula. / This study aims to examine the insertion and daily life of a group of women in the classroom in the courses of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at a college located in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo - RMSP. It investigates the obstacles faced by them in these courses and the strategies they use to remain in them. We performed semi-structured interviews with 49 students, seven students of Engineering and 42 students of computing. Based on the analysis of the interviews, we could comprehend not only the different forms of exclusion that the female students of these courses are exposed to, in which the majority of students are male, but also the tactics they use to remain in the course and to deal with discrimination and biased attitudes of colleagues and teachers. In general, they avoid clash and invent subtle ways to co-exist with adversities in the classroom.

The contemporary era is witnessing a systemic transition in the Canadian science and research paradigm. The research world is shrinking rapidly in response to modern technological developments, commercial and regulatory integration, faster communications and transportation and proactive science, technology and innovation policy. It is increasingly challenging to make competitive progress in world-class innovation or to gain global leadership in science. Big-science is now proposed as one of the means to realize national innovation goals and international competitiveness. As a result, government support for large-scale innovation projects has increased multifold. This dissertation examines a range of hypotheses large-scale research projects enhance investigator exchanges and generate social capital that has significant downstream benefits, which would provide a reason to support big science beyond the instrumental goals of the projects themselves. Taking Genome Canada as an example, this dissertation examines the production and role of social capital generated through large-scale research projects to assess the evidence base for funding big science research. A group of 139 investigators who raised capital in the Genome Canada Applied Bioproducts and Crops (ABC) Competition in 2009 are examined in the context of their engagements and networks in 2000-2009 in four relational arenas, namely their area of expertise, institutional connections, research grants, and co-publications. The investigation reveals three main findings. First, large-scale innovation projects as delivered through Genome Canada, comply with the fundamentals of contemporary innovation network theory. Second, the ties amongst investigators generate social capital, which offers positional advantage and differential superior access to networked resources. Third, the social capital generated in actor relations has pronounced long term impacts on downstream research success. Inter-disciplinary and cross-institutional large-scale research projects that have strong elements of knowledge production and financial exchange are found to assist the federal government in advancing research and innovation objectives. The results of the current investigation provide a strong rationale for the integration of people, disciplines, and institutions under the umbrella of large-scale genomics and proteomics research, and possible lessons for other research fields.

As etapas do trabalho constituíram-se de busca nas bases de dados; limpeza e organização dos nomes de autores e de instituições; análises estatísticas e de redes sociais; correlação entre a co-invenção e co-autoria, a partir da ocorrência de autores co-ativos – que publicaram tanto patentes como artigos - nos dois tipos de documentos; correlação entre os assuntos dos artigos e das patentes a partir do mapeamento dos assuntos proposto por Glänzel e Schubert (2003) e dos códigos da Classificação Internacional de Patentes (CIP). A Biotecnologia no Brasil caracteriza-se por apresentar uma forte interação entre Ciência e Tecnologia, o que significa que os inventores transitam entre as duas esferas e produzem tanto publicações científicas como tecnológicas, principalmente no âmbito da universidade. Os resultados mostram que no ranking da produção científica, lideram as universidades públicas (federais e estaduais) e instituições de pesquisa. Observou-se que há intensa colaboração entre estes dois tipos de instituições, com a formação de clusters com laços fortes, não acontecendo colaboração destas com empresas, de forma efetiva. No ranking da produção tecnológica, as empresas depositantes não figuram entre os primeiros lugares, ficando estes ainda ocupados pelas universidades, instituições de pesquisa e de fomento. Muitos depositantes e inventores encontram-se isolados nas análises de redes sociais, confirmando a predominância de redes diádicas ou a falta de formação de redes de co-autoria de patentes na área da Biotecnologia. Encontra-se um núcleo de preferência para a co-autoria em artigos situado entre 3 e 7 autores. Em patentes, os co-ativos demonstram a preferência pela produção individual ou em pequenas equipes. Os autores e instituições coativas que mais possuem patentes são também aqueles que mais publicam artigos, apresentando uma relação entre produção de artigos e patentes. A co-autoria encontrada nas publicações de patentes se repete nas publicações científicas, demonstrando uma interação entre C&T, que alcança um percentual de 70,7% de interação entre a produção científica e tecnológica. Esta interação também foi observada a partir da co-classificação, atingindo o percentual de 83,4%. As patentes que mais possuem convergência entre co-autoria e co-classificação são aquelas que possuem menor número de co-ativos. A hipótese H1, que afirmava que os autores co-ativos mais produtivos em C&T pertencem a redes de co-autoria interpessoais mais densas, não foi comprovado. Considera-se que as técnicas da cientometria utilizadas neste estudo possibilitaram a análise da interação entre C&T na área da Biotecnologia no Brasil. / The research work analyzes the interaction between science and technology (S&T) from a scientometric approach, using co-authorship and co-classification techniques. It aims to demonstrate the movement of Biotechnology researchers and inventors from Brazil across the scientific and technological spheres by means of correlating their articles and patents. The corpus comprises 2.584 articles and 194 patents collected from INPI´s Patents Application Database and WebofScience, in that order. The research work included data collection, cleaning and organization of author’s and institutional names; statistical and social networks analysis; correlation between co-invention and co-authorship through occurrence of coactive authors – who published both articles and patents - in both types of documents; correlation between articles and patents subjects from mapping the subjects suggested by Glänzel e Schubert (2003) and the codes of international patents classification (IPC). Biotechnology in Brazil is characterized by presenting a strong connection between S&T, which means that inventors move through both domains and produce both technological and scientific publications, manly within the university. The public universities (federal and state)and research institutes lead the ranking of scientific production. There was evidence of intensive collaboration between these two types of institutions, configuring a cluster with strong bonds, but not showing collaboration with companies, in an effective way. In the ranking of technological production, the depositing companies were not listed among the first place, in which figures universities, research institutes and financing bodies. Many depositors and inventors are isolated in the social networks analysis, showing the predominance of dyadic networks or the lack of patent networks configuration in the Biotechnology field. There is a preference to co-authorship articles in groups situated around 3and 7 authors. In patents, the coactive authors showed preference for individual production or in small groups. The coactive authors and institutions that have more patents are also those that publish articles the most, showing a relation between production of articles and patents. The co-authorship found in patent publications was also found in the scientific publications, indicating an interaction between S&T, reaching 70, 7% of interaction between scientific and technological production. This interaction was also observed by means of co-classification, reaching a percentage of 83, 4%. The patents that have more convergence among co-authorship and co-classification are those that have a minor number of coactive authors. The H1 hypotheses, which asserts that the most productive coactive authors in S&T belong to more dense interpersonal co-authorship network, was not proven. It is considered that the scientometrics techniques used in this study enabled the analysis of the interaction between S&T in Biotechnology field in Brazil.

Submitted by Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação Informação (posici@ufba.br) on 2018-02-20T16:26:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 2590795 bytes, checksum: 4ad8d74fb7874f2aed331bf93d293ac4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2018-02-20T20:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 2590795 bytes, checksum: 4ad8d74fb7874f2aed331bf93d293ac4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T20:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA PAULA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 2590795 bytes, checksum: 4ad8d74fb7874f2aed331bf93d293ac4 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa desenvolve uma estratégia metodológica de recuperação e sistematização de indicadores científicos, tecnológicos e acadêmicos para a pós-graduação na Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (Univasf) a partir de ferramentas cientométricas de baixo custo, no intuito de viabilizar o conhecimento e gestão da produção institucional. A investigação utiliza técnicas bibliométricas e cientométricas e enquadra-se nas categorias metodológica, exploratória e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de dados. Aplicou-se questionário de avaliação e demanda de indicadores a 6 (seis) representantes da Univasf para subsidiar a construção da estratégia, foram selecionados: Pró-reitor(a) de Ensino; Procurador(a) Educacional Institucional; Pró-Reitor(a) de Pesquisa, Pós-Graduação e Inovação; Diretor(a) de Pós-Graduação; Diretor(a) de Pesquisa e Coordenador(a) do Núcleo de Inovação Tecnológica. Identificou-se que os gestores avaliam de forma positiva a maioria dos indicadores apontados, principalmente os exigidos em avaliações institucionais e demandam indicadores voltados à qualidade, colaboração e impacto de pesquisas. A estratégia teve como fonte principal de dados o currículo da Plataforma Lattes e constituiu-se das seguintes etapas: 1) Identificação dos programas de pós-graduação; 2) Identificação dos docentes da instituição; 3) Coleta de código lattes dos pesquisadores; 4) Construção de arquivo de execução para a ferramenta ScriptLattes; 5) Coleta Qualis Periódicos; 6) Configuração e execução do ScriptLattes; 7) Processamento de dados em ferramentas bibliométricas e cientométricas; 8) Análise crítica e exposição dos indicadores. Considerou-se a estratégia metodológica viável de aplicação ao universo investigado que possibilitou conhecer diversas características da pós-graduação da Univasf, embora não se tenha alcançado a sistematização de alguns indicadores demandados. O objetivo de baixo custo da estratégia se manteve na quase totalidade das etapas, sendo feito o uso de uma ferramenta paga. Considera-se como possível dificuldade de aplicação da estratégia à uma população maior o fato da coleta e organização de dados ocorrer de forma manual em algumas etapas, demandando muito tempo para o processo. Aponta-se como diferencial da estratégia a flexibilidade de tratamento dos dados, permitindo a personalização dos indicadores. / ABSTRACT This research develops a methodological strategy for the recovery and systematization of cientific, technological and academic indicators for postgraduate studies at Federal University of Vale São Francisco (Univasf) using low-cost scientometric tools in order to make feasible knowledge and management of institutional production. This research uses bibliometric and scientometric techniques and falls within the categories methodological, exploratory and descriptive with quantitative and qualitative approach of data. To subsidize the construction of the strategy a questionnaire of evaluation and demand indicators was applied to 6 (six) representatives of Univasf: Pro-Rector of Teaching; Institutional Educational Prosecutor; Pro-Rector of Research, Graduate and Innovation; Director of PostGraduation; Director of Research and Coordinator of the Nucleus of Technological Innovation. It was identified that managers positively evaluate most of the point out indicators, especially those required in institutional evaluations and demand indicators focused on quality, collaboration and research impact. The strategy had as main source of data of the Lattes Platform and consisted of the following stages: 1) Identification of the postgraduate programs; 2) Identification of the institution's professors; 3) Collection of code lattes of the researchers; 4) Execution file construction for the ScriptLattes tool; 5) Collect Periodic Qualis; 6) ScriptLattes configuration and execution; 7) Data processing in bibliometric and scientometric tools; 8) Critical analysis and exposure of indicators. It was considered the feasible methodological strategy of application to the investigated universe that made possible to know several characteristics of the postgraduate of Univasf, although it has not been reached the systematization of some demanded indicators. The strategy's low-cost objective was maintained in almost all stages, with the use of a paid tool. It is considered as a possible difficulty in applying the strategy to a larger population, since data collection and organization occurs manually in some stages, requiring a lot of time for the process. As a differential of the strategy, the flexibility of data treatment is indicated, allowing the personalization of the indicators.