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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Administração de cafeína durante a gestação altera parâmetros testiculares na prole de camundongos C57/BL6 na vida adulta / The testis of the mice C57/BL6 offspring in adulthood have alterations due to maternal caffeine consumption

Fernanda da Silveira Cavalcante 18 December 2013 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Metabólitos ativos da cafeína apresentam toxicidade, podendo causar efeitos deletérios em muitos órgãos no período fetal pelo consumo materno. O estudo objetivou avaliar o papel da administração de cafeína durante a gestação em vários parâmetros importantes para a função testicular em camundongos adultos C57BL/6. Fêmeas grávidas foram divididas em: grupo controle (C), que receberam injeções de sol. salina (0,9% NaCl) e grupo cafeína (CF), que receberam diariamente injeções subcutâneas de 20 mg / kg de cafeína. Filhotes tiveram livre acesso à ração padrão desde o desmame até três meses de idade, quando foram mortos. O grupo CF apresentou uma redução no consumo alimentar (C = 4,36 0,14; CF = 3,79 0,05/g, p<0,05) e ganho de massa corporal (C = 25,73 0,14; CF = 21,08 0,41/g, p=0,0001). Ainda este grupo, apresentou alterações estruturais nos testículos da prole, como redução no peso relativo (C = 0,078 0,003; CF = 0,063 0,002/g, p=0,002), diâmetro tubular (C = 455,4 2,7; CF = 393,5 3,1/m, p=0,0001), lume tubular (C = 310,6 2,5; CF = 254,8 2,9/m, p=0.0001) e altura do epitélio seminífero (C = 144,8 0,9; CF = 138,7 1,3/m, p=0,0005) observados pela técnica de morfometria. Testosterona sérica avaliada por quimioluminescência foi reduzida (C = 6,6 2,8; CF = 0,5 0,2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western Blotting foi utilizado para análise de expressão protéica. Houve aumento do receptor de leptina (C = 0,81 0,04; CF = 1,28 0,15/g, p=0,01), do receptor para o hormônio leteinizante (C = 0,92 0,05; CF = 0,74 0,05/g, p=0,01),da aromatase (C = 0,32 0,03; CF = 0,48 0,05/g, p=0,03) e do regulador pró apoptose (C = 0,27 0,02; CF = 0,42 0,03/g, p=0,01) enquanto o receptor para hormônio folículo estimulante (FSHR) (C = 0,76 0,06; CF = 0,56 0,04/g, p=0,02), o receptor para proteína reguladora da esteroidogênese (C = 1,009 0,065; CF = 0,584 0,060/g, p=0,0007), a proteína do fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (C = 0,33 0,08; CF = 0,05 0,01/g, p=0,009), o receptor de androgênio (C = 0,97 0,11; CF = 0,59 0,07/g, p=0,02) e o antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (C = 0,93 0,11; CF = 0,48 0,07/g, p=0,01) foram reduzidos. Este estudo sugere que o consumo de cafeína durante a gravidez parece ser nocivo à fertilidade de animais machos, caracterizando o fenômeno de programação, o que gera alterações funcionais e estruturais nos testículos da prole adulta. / Active metabolites of caffeine present toxicity, may cause deleterious effects on many organs in the fetal period by maternal consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the role of caffeine administration during pregnancy on several parameters of adult male testis in C57BL/6 mice. Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups (n = 10): Control group (C), dams were injected with the vehicle only (saline 0.9 % NaCl); Caffeine group (CF), dams received daily a subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of caffeine/day (1 mg/mL saline). Pups had free access to standard chow since weaning to 3 months of age, when they were killed. Treatment of dams with caffeine did not produce any visible signs of maternal toxicity. At adulthood CF group presented a reduction in the food consumption (C = 4.36 0.14, CF = 3.79 0.05/g, p<0.05) and body weight gain (C = 25.73 0.14, CF = 21.08 0.41/ g, p=0.0001). Several alterations were seen in testis structure sighted by morphometry: testicular weight (C = 0.078 0.003, CF = 0.063 0.002/g, p=0.002), tubular diameter (C = 455.4 2.7, CF = 393.5 3.1/m, p=0.0001), tubular lumen (C = 310.6 2.5, CF = 254.8 2.9/m, p=0.0001) and epithelial height (C = 144.8 0.9; CF = 138.7 1.3/m, p=0.0005). Chemioluminesense was performed to evaluate testosterone serum levels, which was decreased (C = 6.6 2.8, CF = 0.5 0.2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western blotting showed an increase in the protein expression of leptins receptor (C = 0.81 0.04, CF = 1.28 0.15/g, p=0.02), luteinizing hormone receptor (C = 0.92 0.05, CF = 0.74 0.05/g, p=0.01), aromatase (C = 0.32 0.03, CF = 0.48 0.05/g, p=0.03) and apoptose proteins (C = 0.27 0.02; CF = 0.42 0.03/g, p=0.002), while follicle stimulant hormone receptor (C = 0.76 0.06, CF = 0.56 0.04/g, p=0.02), steroidogenesis protein receptor (C = 1.009 0.065, CF = 0.584 0.060/g, p=0.0007), vascular-endotelial growth factor (C = 0.33 0.08, CF = 0.05 0.01/g, p=0.009), androgen receptor (C = 0.97 0.11, CF = 0.59 0.07/g, p=0.02) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (C = 0.93 0.11; CF = 0.48 0.07/g, p=0.01) were reduced by maternal caffeine treatment. This study suggests that caffeine consumption during pregnancy appears to be detrimental to fertility in male offspring, by testicular programming, which generates disturbances in testicular function.
2

Administração de cafeína durante a gestação altera parâmetros testiculares na prole de camundongos C57/BL6 na vida adulta / The testis of the mice C57/BL6 offspring in adulthood have alterations due to maternal caffeine consumption

Fernanda da Silveira Cavalcante 18 December 2013 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Metabólitos ativos da cafeína apresentam toxicidade, podendo causar efeitos deletérios em muitos órgãos no período fetal pelo consumo materno. O estudo objetivou avaliar o papel da administração de cafeína durante a gestação em vários parâmetros importantes para a função testicular em camundongos adultos C57BL/6. Fêmeas grávidas foram divididas em: grupo controle (C), que receberam injeções de sol. salina (0,9% NaCl) e grupo cafeína (CF), que receberam diariamente injeções subcutâneas de 20 mg / kg de cafeína. Filhotes tiveram livre acesso à ração padrão desde o desmame até três meses de idade, quando foram mortos. O grupo CF apresentou uma redução no consumo alimentar (C = 4,36 0,14; CF = 3,79 0,05/g, p<0,05) e ganho de massa corporal (C = 25,73 0,14; CF = 21,08 0,41/g, p=0,0001). Ainda este grupo, apresentou alterações estruturais nos testículos da prole, como redução no peso relativo (C = 0,078 0,003; CF = 0,063 0,002/g, p=0,002), diâmetro tubular (C = 455,4 2,7; CF = 393,5 3,1/m, p=0,0001), lume tubular (C = 310,6 2,5; CF = 254,8 2,9/m, p=0.0001) e altura do epitélio seminífero (C = 144,8 0,9; CF = 138,7 1,3/m, p=0,0005) observados pela técnica de morfometria. Testosterona sérica avaliada por quimioluminescência foi reduzida (C = 6,6 2,8; CF = 0,5 0,2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western Blotting foi utilizado para análise de expressão protéica. Houve aumento do receptor de leptina (C = 0,81 0,04; CF = 1,28 0,15/g, p=0,01), do receptor para o hormônio leteinizante (C = 0,92 0,05; CF = 0,74 0,05/g, p=0,01),da aromatase (C = 0,32 0,03; CF = 0,48 0,05/g, p=0,03) e do regulador pró apoptose (C = 0,27 0,02; CF = 0,42 0,03/g, p=0,01) enquanto o receptor para hormônio folículo estimulante (FSHR) (C = 0,76 0,06; CF = 0,56 0,04/g, p=0,02), o receptor para proteína reguladora da esteroidogênese (C = 1,009 0,065; CF = 0,584 0,060/g, p=0,0007), a proteína do fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (C = 0,33 0,08; CF = 0,05 0,01/g, p=0,009), o receptor de androgênio (C = 0,97 0,11; CF = 0,59 0,07/g, p=0,02) e o antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (C = 0,93 0,11; CF = 0,48 0,07/g, p=0,01) foram reduzidos. Este estudo sugere que o consumo de cafeína durante a gravidez parece ser nocivo à fertilidade de animais machos, caracterizando o fenômeno de programação, o que gera alterações funcionais e estruturais nos testículos da prole adulta. / Active metabolites of caffeine present toxicity, may cause deleterious effects on many organs in the fetal period by maternal consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the role of caffeine administration during pregnancy on several parameters of adult male testis in C57BL/6 mice. Pregnant C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups (n = 10): Control group (C), dams were injected with the vehicle only (saline 0.9 % NaCl); Caffeine group (CF), dams received daily a subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of caffeine/day (1 mg/mL saline). Pups had free access to standard chow since weaning to 3 months of age, when they were killed. Treatment of dams with caffeine did not produce any visible signs of maternal toxicity. At adulthood CF group presented a reduction in the food consumption (C = 4.36 0.14, CF = 3.79 0.05/g, p<0.05) and body weight gain (C = 25.73 0.14, CF = 21.08 0.41/ g, p=0.0001). Several alterations were seen in testis structure sighted by morphometry: testicular weight (C = 0.078 0.003, CF = 0.063 0.002/g, p=0.002), tubular diameter (C = 455.4 2.7, CF = 393.5 3.1/m, p=0.0001), tubular lumen (C = 310.6 2.5, CF = 254.8 2.9/m, p=0.0001) and epithelial height (C = 144.8 0.9; CF = 138.7 1.3/m, p=0.0005). Chemioluminesense was performed to evaluate testosterone serum levels, which was decreased (C = 6.6 2.8, CF = 0.5 0.2/ng/ml, p=0.04). Western blotting showed an increase in the protein expression of leptins receptor (C = 0.81 0.04, CF = 1.28 0.15/g, p=0.02), luteinizing hormone receptor (C = 0.92 0.05, CF = 0.74 0.05/g, p=0.01), aromatase (C = 0.32 0.03, CF = 0.48 0.05/g, p=0.03) and apoptose proteins (C = 0.27 0.02; CF = 0.42 0.03/g, p=0.002), while follicle stimulant hormone receptor (C = 0.76 0.06, CF = 0.56 0.04/g, p=0.02), steroidogenesis protein receptor (C = 1.009 0.065, CF = 0.584 0.060/g, p=0.0007), vascular-endotelial growth factor (C = 0.33 0.08, CF = 0.05 0.01/g, p=0.009), androgen receptor (C = 0.97 0.11, CF = 0.59 0.07/g, p=0.02) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (C = 0.93 0.11; CF = 0.48 0.07/g, p=0.01) were reduced by maternal caffeine treatment. This study suggests that caffeine consumption during pregnancy appears to be detrimental to fertility in male offspring, by testicular programming, which generates disturbances in testicular function.
3

Dependence-induced changes in opioid-receptor gene expression

Johansson, Anna January 2013 (has links)
Using drugs such as alcohol and morphine among others can be addictive in some individuals, and progress into a substance abuse disorder. The mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MD-system) is involved in the reward process during the development of drug addiction. The MD-system is critical for survival and affects different behaviors in both man and animal. Neurochemical pathways drive for instance physical activity, food intake, love and reproduction and are part of the natural reward process involved partly in the release of dopamine (DA) into frontal lobes. Within the MD-system opioid receptors throughout the brain are affected by drug intake, and activation of these receptors modulate DA-release in brain regions involved in reward-behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression of MOR and DOR within the endogenous opioid system (EO-system) in relation to voluntary physical activity, a natural reinforcer. Further on investigations of the drug alcohol was compared to the natural reinforcer sucrose using voluntary consumption. For both experiments qRT-PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of MOR and DOR from brain areas of interest. We found a small significant up regulation in NAc, PFC and VTA but for DOR in VTA a down regulation in gene expression of physical exercising mice. Additionally these two different genes OPRM1- and the OPRD1- gene are down regulated in VTA and NAc due to alcohol- and sugar-intake. This implicate that the natural reward system and their ORs point in the direction of earlier findings; the opioid receptors have a key role in regulate alcohol intake and the natural rewarding stimuli as food intake.

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