Kan Yeuk Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Report Organization --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- RETROSPECT OF NON-MANIFOLD SOLID MODELING --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Geometric Modeling --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Euclidean Space and Topological Space --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Domains of Solid and Non-Manifold Geometric Modeling --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- r-set Domain --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Manifold Domain --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Adjacency Form of Topology --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Cell Complex --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Representation Schemes of Solid and Non-Manifold Geometric Modeling --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Spatial Decomposition --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Boundary Representations (B-rep) --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.20 / Chapter 3. --- BOOSTING UP THE SPEED OF BOOLEAN OPERATIONS --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Solid Modeling with Specialized Hardware --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Modeling with a 4x4 Determinant Processor --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Ray Casting Engine --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Solid Modeling with General Purposed Parallel Computer --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Modeling with Shared Memory Parallel Computer --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Modeling with SIMD Massively Parallel Computer --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Modeling with MIMD Distributed Memory Parallel Computer --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.33 / Chapter 4. --- OVERVIEW OF DECmpp 12000/Sx/8K --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1 --- System Architecture --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- DECmpp Sx Front End --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- DECmpp Sx Data Parallel Unit --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Array Control Unit --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Processor Element Array --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Processor Element Communication Mechanism --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- DECmpp Sx Programming Language --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Variable Declarations --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Plural Pointers --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Processor Selection by Conditional Expressions --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Processor Element Communications --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3 --- Summary --- p.40 / Chapter 5. --- ARCHITECTURE OF THE NON-MANIFOLD GEOMETRIC MODELER --- p.41 / Chapter 6. --- SEQUENTIAL MODELER --- p.43 / Chapter 6.1 --- Sequential Half-Wedge structures (SHW) --- p.43 / Chapter 6.2 --- Incremental Topological Operators --- p.51 / Chapter 6.3 --- Sequential Boolean Operations --- p.58 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Complementing the subtracted model --- p.59 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Computing intersection of geometric entities --- p.59 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Construction of sub-faces --- p.53 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Extraction of resultant topological entities --- p.64 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.67 / Chapter 7. --- PARALLEL MODELER --- p.68 / Chapter 7.1 --- Parallel Half-Wedge Structure (PHW) --- p.68 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Pmodel structure --- p.69 / Chapter 7.1.1.1 --- Phwedge structure --- p.69 / Chapter 7.1.1.2 --- Psurface structure --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1.1.3 --- Pedge structure --- p.72 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Pmav structure --- p.73 / Chapter 7.2 --- Parallel Boolean Operations --- p.74 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Complementing the subtracted model --- p.75 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Intersection computation --- p.79 / Chapter 7.2.2.1 --- Distributing geometric entities --- p.80 / Chapter 7.2.2.2 --- Vertex-Vertex intersection --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2.2.3 --- Vertex-Edge intersection --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2.2.4 --- Edge-Edge intersection --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2.2.5 --- Vertex-Face intersection --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.2.6 --- Edge-Face intersection --- p.92 / Chapter 7.2.2.7 --- Face-Face intersection --- p.93 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Constructing sub-faces --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Extraction and construction of resultant topological entities --- p.100 / Chapter 7.3 --- Summary --- p.106 / Chapter 8. --- THE PERFORMANCE OF PARALLEL HALF-WEDGE MODELER --- p.108 / Chapter 8.1 --- The performance of converting sequential to parallel structure --- p.111 / Chapter 8.2 --- The overall performance of parallel Boolean operations --- p.112 / Chapter 8.3 --- The percentage of execution time for individual stages of parallel Boolean operations --- p.119 / Chapter 8.4 --- The effect of inbalance loading to the performance of parallel Boolean operations --- p.121 / Chapter 8.5 --- Summary --- p.125 / Chapter 9. --- CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK --- p.126 / Chapter 9.1 --- Conclusions --- p.126 / Chapter 9.2 --- Suggestions for further work --- p.127 / APPENDIX / Chapter A. --- SEQUENTIAL HALF-WEDGE STRUCTURE --- p.A-1 / Chapter B. --- COMPUTATION SCHEME IN CHECKING A FACE LOCATING INSIDE THE FACES OF A SOLID --- p.A-3 / Chapter C. --- ALGORITHM IN FINDING A HALF-WEDGE WITH A DIRECTION CLOSEST FROM A REFERENCE HALF-WEDGE --- p.A-5 / Chapter D. --- PARALLEL HALF-WEDGE STRUCTURE --- p.A-7 / REFERENCES --- p.A-10

於參數化和特徵模型的變形中保持幾何特徵是CAD建模中一項新的挑戰。這篇論文提出了一個以限制為基礎去進行變形的系統。此系統結合了自由曲面和特徵模型建模的好處，而且容許更自由的工程設計。 / 本方法可分為三個主要步驟。以常用的變形技術去改變一個模型的形狀，包括自由變形及軸向變形，然後參數特徵會根據用戶的要求去分拆為一系列基本的限制，最後目標特徵將會以逐步增量的優化技術去重建。 / 這篇論文提出了一個逐步增量的方法為優化中提供導引。這個優化是於維持所有提供的限制下盡量減少變形後模型的改變。另外，於一組的限制中以一個基准為參考，能使本系統更有效的運行。最後，我們也會展示一些使用本系統以限制為基礎去進行變形的結果。 / To retain geometric features in the deformation of a parametric and feature-based model is a new challenge for CAD modeling. This thesis presents a constraints based deformation framework. This framework combines the advantage of free-form modeling with feature based modeling, and allows engineering design to be performed in a free-form manner. / The proposed method can be divided into three major steps. An object is deformed by common deformation techniques such as FFD and axial deformation. Parametric features are divided into systems of primitive constraints based on user specification. The targeting features are reconstructed by the use of incremental optimization technique. / An incremental constrained deformation is introduced. It is used to provide hints for the optimization. The optimization is to minimize the changes in the deformed model subjected to all the provided constraints. For a structural constraint specified with a group of constraints, it would be better to use a reference datum for all its component constraints. We show numerous results of constraints retained models using our framework. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tang, Wing Shing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Aims and Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Report Organization --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Mesh Editing Techniques --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mesh Deformation Techniques --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Detail Preserving Techniques --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Optimization Techniques --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Optimization Techniques --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Linear Programming --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Simplex Method --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Interior Point Method --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1 --- Primal-Dual Interior Point Method --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Nonlinear Programming --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Sequential Quadratic Programming --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Reduced Gradient Methods --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Interior Point Methods --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Optimization Solver --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- KNITRO --- p.16 / Chapter 3 --- SPECIFICATION OF CONSTRAINTS --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1 --- Constraints --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Constraints with Reference Points --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Constraints with Reference Variables --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Reference Vector Constraints --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Constraints with Reference Datum --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Planer Constraint with References --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Collinear Constraint with References --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.4.3 --- Circular Constraint with References --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Redundant Constraints --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- CONSTRAINED OPTIMZATION --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Objective Function --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2 --- Incremental Constrained Deformation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Scaling Problem --- p.43 / Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDIES --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1 --- Maintain Individual Engineering Features --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2 --- Maintain Pattern between Engineering Features --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- Maintain Relationship between Engineering Features --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implementation Issue --- p.66 / Chapter 6 --- TESTS AND RESULTS --- p.68 / Chapter 6.1 --- Constraints with References --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Level Of Detail --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3 --- Incremental Method --- p.73 / Chapter 6.4 --- Comparison --- p.76 / Chapter 7 --- FURTHER WORK AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.81 / Chapter 7.1 --- Recommendation for Further Work --- p.81 / Chapter 7.2 --- Conclusions --- p.82 / REFERENCES --- p.84

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experimental properties of zirconia-based ceramics. METHODS: Zirconia bars were veneered to 2mm total thickness. Veneering-method groups included: 1.Hand-layered feldsparthic porcelain (VM=VitaVM9,Vident) and fluorapatite glass-ceramic (CR=IPSe.maxCeram,IvoclarVivadent); 2.Pressed feldspathic porcelain (PM=VitaPM9,Vident) and fluorapatite glass-ceramic (ZP=IPSe.maxZirPress,IvoclarVivadent); 3.CAD/CAM milled feldspathic ceramic (TF=VitablocsTriluxeForte,Vident) and lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (CAD=IPSe.maxCAD,IvoclarVivadent). CAD/CAM veneers were either cemented with resin cements (P=Panavia21,KurarayDental), (R=RelyXUltimate,3M ESPE), (M=MultilinkAutomix,IvoclarVivadent) or fused with fusion glass-ceramic (C=CrystalConnect,IvoclarVivadent). A Three-point-bending test was performed. For group VM,PM,TF-M,TF-C,CAD-M,CAD-C, ten more bars were prepared and aged with cyclic loading and thermocycling before testing. Zirconia bars (PrettauZirconia,Zirkonzahn;inCorisTZI,Sirona;ZirluxFC,PentronCeramics) specimens were prepared and polished. The specimens were divided into 3 groups: control, self-glaze fired, and glazed groups. A Three-point bending test was performed. Veneered zirconia crowns were made. Feldspathic porcelain was applied to zirconia coping. Bevel cut on porcelain was made to simulate porcelain chipping. The crowns were then divided into 4 different groups according to repair materials including: 1.Conventional-resin composite (TetricEvoCeram,IvoclarVivadent) 2.Flowable-resin composite (G-aenialUniversalFlo,GCamerica) 3.Cemented CAD/CAM milled feldspathic ceramic (VitaTriluxForte,Vident) 4.Cemented CAD/CAM milled lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (IPSe.maxCAD,IvoclarVivadent). Each crown underwent thermocycling. The test was performed by loading force on the center of repaired part to record load-to-failure. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the failure loads of non-aged bilayered veneer-zirconia bars. Aging experiment revealed a significant difference in failure load between non-aged and aged bars in groups VM and PM, but not in the groups with CAD/CAM milled veneers. There was significant influence of surface treatments on flexural strength of zirconia specimens. Post-hoc test showed that glazed group had significant lower flexural strength than other groups. Crowns repaired with CAD/CAM ceramics showed significant higher failure load than resin composite. Repairing with lithium-disilicate glass ceramic yielded the highest load-to-failure of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: - Veneer materials, veneering methods, and cement materials have a significant effect on the failure load of bilayered veneer- zirconia. CAD/CAM veneer-zirconia is not susceptible to aging performed in this study. - Glazing decreased the flexural strength of high translucent zirconia. - Veneered zirconia crowns repaired with CAD/CAM ceramic materials have significantly higher load-to-failure than veneered crowns repaired with resin composite. / 2018-09-28T00:00:00Z

Estágio realizado na Lismolde 2, Ld.ª e orientado pelo Eng.º Marco Ruivo / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

Orientador: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes / Coorientador: Marco Antônio dos Reis Pereira / Banca: Aparecida Maria Zem Lopes / Banca: Fernando José da Silva / Banca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva / Banca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Resumo: O desenvolvimento sustentável é entendido como o melhor equilíbrio entre o crescimento econômico, a preservação ambiental e o desenvolvimento social, objetivando promover a melhoria do padrão de vida como um todo, garantindo esta continuidade às gerações futuras. A utilização de materiais de fontes renováveis, aliados às novas tecnologias, pode contribuir para esse desenvolvimento equilibrado. A popularização de softwares de projeto propiciou uma evolução na área do design, integrando sistemas, informações, permitindo a simulação de ensaios físico-mecânicos e a realização de prototipagem rápida. Esta integração é denominada como sistemas Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) - Projeto auxiliado por computador e manufatura auxiliada por computador. O objetivo deste projeto é apresentar diretrizes para a relação entre os sistemas CAD/CAM e o desenvolvimento de componentes para calçados femininos em bambu. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, dividida em três momentos: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e experimentações. A pesquisa de campo apresentou duas fases: na primeira, foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados para a coleta de dados primários no Arranjo Produtivo Local APL de Jaú, Estado de São Paulo; na segunda, preparou-se a matéria-prima experimental aplicada no estudo, denominada Bambu Laminado Colado (BLC). O BLC foi gerado por meio de uma interação com uma associação rural. As experimentações com o BLC foram ef... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sustainable development is understood as the best balance among economic growth, environmental preservation and social development, intending to promote the improvement of the living standard as a whole, guaranteeing this continuity to future generations. The use of renewable materials, associated with new technologies, can contribute to this balanced development. The popularization of design software provided an evolution in the area of design, integrating systems, information, as well as allowing the simulation of physical-mechanical tests and rapid prototyping. This integration is referred to as Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM). This project aims at presenting guidelines for the relationship between CAD / CAM systems and the development of components for female bamboo shoes. In order to accomplish that, a quantitative-qualitative research was conducted, divided into three moments: bibliographical research, field research and experimentation. Field research consisted of two phases: in the first, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data in the APL Local Productive Arrangement of Jaú, State of São Paulo; in the second phase, the experimental raw material applied in the study, called Bamboo Laminated Glued (Bambu Laminado Colado - BLC), was prepared. BLC was generated by means of an interaction with a rural association. The experiments with the BLC were made using CAD / CAM equipment, producing heels and ornaments, using ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

CAD/CAM technology had evolved extensively from the time when it was first used clinically in the 1980s. Today, CAD/CAM technology can be used to fabricate crowns, design and mill fixed partial denture frameworks, set teeth and fabricate complete dentures as well as to mill interim restorations. An extensive literature review found many research studies on the evaluation of the accuracy of the CAD/CAM ceramic crowns as compared to other ceramic crowns but little research had been done to evaluate the accuracy of interim restorations. This article describes the method in which CAD/CAM as well as conventional interim crowns were fabricated, cemented onto their dies, dye stained, thermocycled as well as sectioned with their marginal discrepancies investigated.

The importance of integrating design and manufacturing becomes apparent when the increase in the degree of difficulty of change is observed as the product development proceeds from concept to production in a serial engineering process. The greatest opportunity in design for manufacture occurs at the initial design stage before any commitments to tooling and equipment have been made. This research develops a framework and an implementation system dealing with integration of design, manufacturing and economic aspects in the development of a product. The objective is to evaluate process technology for a specified product design and to identify the best work/tool material combination and production conditions to optimize the production process. A commercial CAD/CAM package (SmartCAM) playing roles as a part design tool, a processing time simulator, and a NC code generator is integrated with a manufacturing database, and a machining cost model. This integrated system runs in Microsoft Windows environment under an external program which not only coordinates the activities of various modules but also enhances the capabilities of SmartCAM. This system allows product design evaluation for economic and technical criteria and recommends best manufacturing environment. An NC program containing recommended machining parameters is generated. Furthermore, the system reports on tool wear on each tool per part manufactured. This information is useful for cost analysis as well as for producing a tool replacement schedule. / Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-139).

Background: Ceramics have long been amongst the most biocompatible materials known but their mechanical properties have limited their use. During the past few decades zirconia has aroused particular interest as a biomaterial because of its greater flexural strength, fracture resistance and toughness compared to other bioceramics. Technological inventions and developments have made the processing of zirconia-based ceramics possible and thus also the successful processing of dental restorations constructed from this type of material. The properties of zirconia-based ceramics can, however, be affected by, for example, shape, composition, manufacturing processes and subsequent handling. It was, therefore, of particular interest to study in what way recently introduced zirconia-based ceramics intended for odontological applications could be affected by the shape, manufacturing process, composition, grinding and veneering. Methods: By means of newly invented and developed CAM-Software systems with improvements in grinding technology and strategy and hardware technology, cores for single crowns, fixed partial denture (FPD) frameworks and implant-supported abutments and copies were manufactured from a hot isostatic-pressed (HIPed) yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic. In addition, zirconia-based ceramics intended for odontological applications but made from other compositions and/or using different manufacturing techniques were studied. The effects were determined of shape, composition, manufacturing process, heat treatment and veneering of the cores/frameworks on the fracture or bending resistance of various types of ceramic single crowns, FPD frameworks and implant-supported abutments and copies. Results: Different thicknesses in different parts of HIPed Y-TZP cores improved the fracture resistance compared with cores of a uniform thickness resulting in a thicker veneer layer. Machining, heat treatment and veneering affected the fracture resistance of the zirconia-based ceramics studied. In addition, the quality of sintering and composition and type of veneering porcelain used influenced the fracture resistance of zirconia-based ceramics. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that zirconia-based ceramics have the potential for use as a material in odontological applications. The mechanical properties of zirconia ceramics are, however, affected by, among other things, the shape, composition, manufacturing processes and subsequent handling of the material. These findings have to be taken in consideration in the production processes of zirconia-based ceramic restorations. To further improve their function more studies are needed to elucidate the effects of various manufacturing and handling techniques on the properties of zirconia-based ceramics.

Redacción histórica de los inicios de la aplicación de la fabricación asistida por ordenador, conocida como CAM, que nos lleva al templo de la Sagrada Familia en Barcelona, en donde tal hecho ha sido un logro arquitectónico poco reconocido. Comparación con los primeros proyectos que utilizan tal tecnología con la intención de averiguar cual ha sido el primer proyecto arquitectónico de formas complejas a utilizar un proceso de construcción que ya era popular en industrias como la automovilística por ejemplo. Una posterior redacción de las hazañas tecnológicas conseguidas en la obra de Antoni Gaudí es realizada con la intención de vincularlas con la construcción del primer elemento arquitectónico totalmente robotizado y que ayuda a crear nuevas técnicas constructivas para la culminación de este gran proyecto