abstract: Designing studies that use latent growth modeling to investigate change over time calls for optimal approaches for conducting power analysis for a priori determination of required sample size. This investigation (1) studied the impacts of variations in specified parameters, design features, and model misspecification in simulation-based power analyses and (2) compared power estimates across three common power analysis techniques: the Monte Carlo method; the Satorra-Saris method; and the method developed by MacCallum, Browne, and Cai (MBC). Choice of sample size, effect size, and slope variance parameters markedly influenced power estimates; however, level-1 error variance and number of repeated measures (3 vs. 6) when study length was held constant had little impact on resulting power. Under some conditions, having a moderate versus small effect size or using a sample size of 800 versus 200 increased power by approximately .40, and a slope variance of 10 versus 20 increased power by up to .24. Decreasing error variance from 100 to 50, however, increased power by no more than .09 and increasing measurement occasions from 3 to 6 increased power by no more than .04. Misspecification in level-1 error structure had little influence on power, whereas misspecifying the form of the growth model as linear rather than quadratic dramatically reduced power for detecting differences in slopes. Additionally, power estimates based on the Monte Carlo and Satorra-Saris techniques never differed by more than .03, even with small sample sizes, whereas power estimates for the MBC technique appeared quite discrepant from the other two techniques. Results suggest the choice between using the Satorra-Saris or Monte Carlo technique in a priori power analyses for slope differences in latent growth models is a matter of preference, although features such as missing data can only be considered within the Monte Carlo approach. Further, researchers conducting power analyses for slope differences in latent growth models should pay greatest attention to estimating slope difference, slope variance, and sample size. Arguments are also made for examining model-implied covariance matrices based on estimated parameters and graphic depictions of slope variance to help ensure parameter estimates are reasonable in a priori power analysis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Psychology 2011

This dissertation is the developmental research report on the design and development of a multimedia tutorial on Anthropometry for university-level health science students. The practical implication of using Merrill's Model of Instructional Design for developing course work for senior students in the health sciences was investigated. The multimedia tutorial was designed and developed, and the prototype evaluated by a team consisting of subject and education experts. The prototype was tested by third-year dietetic students who had completed the lecture-based and paper-based course. The students were observed while using the program, then completed a structured questionnaire and finally were given the opportunity to express their views in an informal group discussion. It was found that if the activation of relevant existing knowledge does not take place, Merrill's Model will be turned inside-out: the student's own problem replaces the instructional problem. / Thesis (MEd (Computer-integrated Education))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Social Studies Education / unrestricted

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Recent public artificial intelligence (AI) advancements, particularly ChatGPT, are predicted to transform whole industries, work roles and organisational structures, leading to some jobs becoming obsolete while also creating new opportunities. This qualitative research explores the effects of ChatGPT on work roles and organisations in the information technology (IT) industry, more specifically, the effects on skills, competence, and organisational processes such as the automation of routine and non-routine tasks. The aim is to fill the gap in how ChatGPT affects the IT industry and to provide recommendations for policy makers, companies, and workers to address these challenges. Two research questions were formulated: “How does the increasing adoption of ChatGPT in internal work processes of businesses in the IT industry change work roles” and “impact the organisation and what are the potential implications for changes in work roles due to ChatGPT?”. To explore and answer these questions two data collection methods were used such as semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires, with a combined sample size of 14 participants. The data was analysed using thematic as well as content analysis and the theoretical framework. The findings suggest that adopting ChatGPT is indeed transforming work roles and organisations by automating routine and non-routine tasks, leading to efficiency and cost savings. While some roles and skills change, others become entirely obsolete. The impact varies based on organisational factors, the nature of work and adaptability to new technologies, leading to the emergence of new opportunities in AI management and big data. Smaller companies in particular benefit from implementing ChatGPT, allowing focus on other tasks such as for example strategic development. Organisational challenges include training employees and adapting to new technology as well as concerns for job loss.

Introduction: RNA viruses are economically important pathogens of fish, and among these viruses, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is of particular concern for the aquaculture industry, especially for farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This non-enveloped aquatic virus, which was first isolated in the UK in 1971, belongs to the family of Birnaviridae and has a bi-segmented dsRNA genome of about 6kb. IPNV is classified in 6 genogroups with correspondence to 10 known serotypes and an additional proposed genogroup of marine aquabirnaviruses (MABV). IPNV causes high mortality in fry and a reduced mortality in adult fish, respectively. Fish, which survive, can become carriers and this can lead to a clinical outbreak by releasing infective material into water or by vertical transmission via oocytes, milt and seminal fluids. Methods: This project aimed at determining the phylogeny and genomic changes of IPNV in Scotland by whole genome sequence analysis of IPNV isolates (diagnostic TCID50 supernatants) spanning 3 decades since 1982, using next generation sequencing technology. Viral RNA of IPNV culture supernatant (CHSE-214 and TO cell culture) was processed for next generation sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Library preparation was performed using the Nextera XT DNA Library Kit, prior to sequencing according to the manufacturer's MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (150cycles) protocol. To optimize whole genome next generation sequencing for IPNV, we compared two RNA processing protocols, the Glasgow (GLAP) and the Goettingen protocol (GOEP) with focus on missing terminal nucleotides after a de novo genome assembly. Sequences were used to determine the phylogeny and selection pressure on the genome as well as a possible virus-host adaptation. Results: The results showed that both protocols were able to give full length genomes as well as genomes with missing terminal nucleotides. The phylogenetic analysis of 57 sequenced IPVN isolates shows that 78.95 % of the isolates group within genogroup V, which includes serogroup Sp and 5.26 % within genogroup I which includes serogroup Ja. Segment A of 15.79 % of the isolate grouped within genogroup III, which includes serotype Ca1 and Te but only 7.02 % of the segment B isolates grouped in the genogroup III. The remaining 8.77 % of segment B groups within genogroup II, containing the Ab serotype. Previous research has shown that residue substitutions at positions 217 and 221 in the major capsid protein VP2 have an impact on the virulence of the virus, leading to different virulence types: virulent (T217, A221), low virulence (P217, A221), avirulent (T217, T221) and persistent (P217, T221). Whole genome sequence results show that 58.93 % of the sequenced isolates belong to the persistent, 32.14 % to the low virulent type, only one isolate was of a virulent type and 7.15 % had not virulence assigned amino acid compositions in positions 217 and 221. The selection pressure analysis showed that especially VP2 is experiencing selection pressure in the variable region. In the VP1 protein we see two sites under positive selection pressure within specific motifs. VP5 showed positive selected sites mostly within the truncated region of the protein. Other proteins showed no particular interesting sites of selection. The codon adaptation analysis showed highest adaptation index for VP2. Besides VP5, which had an CAI index below one, therefore showing negative adaptation, other IPNV proteins had an CAI of barely above the value of 1. The dinucleotide abundance, focussing on CpG, showed that CpG is underrepresented in segment A and B. Discussion Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced IPNV strains shows separate clustering of different genogroups. Genetic reassortment is observed in segment B showing a grouping within genogroup III and II although the segment A of these isolates was grouping exclusively within III. We found that over 50 % of the isolates belong to the persistent and over 30 % to the low virulent type, assuming that due to not sterilising vaccination these types were selected in the vaccinated population. The results from the CAI calculations indicate an adaptation of IPNV to its host. Together with the findings that CpG is underrepresented in IPNV it suggests that this leads to an immune escape. Especially since the selection pressure analysis showed positive selection in VP2 within the virulence determination sites of the protein, indicating that IPNV "tries" to downregulate immune recognition. The prevalence of mostly persistent type of isolates indicates together with the assumption of adaptation and immune escape that IPNV is evolving with the host in order to ensure survival.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Moreira Santos.pdf: 756567 bytes, checksum: acdeb10eaafcc8251d17f132e1cff21c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / This present work focuses on Movies as a hybrid form of representation, as the result of the union of three indissoluble, mixed, though distinct languages: the sound, the visual and the verbal ones. It seeks to understand the gearing of those languages in the signic construction of cinematographic works, notably in the case of Hitchcock. It is also the opportunity to highlight the profound signic revolution determined by the advent of images in movement in the end of the XIX century and by seeing, in the hybridism of the cinematographic discourse, a culmination of the esthetics of the fragmentary eighteenth century, notably the Baudelairean one, as it is armed by the fluctuating attention of the poet flâneur, in his dream of Modernity. We took as our main theoretical reference the Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), who supplies the grounds for one to reflect on the epistemology of Movies, thus making possible the development of the analysis of the signic construction of Movies which, in the end, would constitute our understanding of the hybrid language of which they are made up of. Markedly limited by mixtures and juxtapositions of fragments, the cinematographic sign has its genesis delineated by the poetics of movement, by a poetics of inter-relations and exchanges between languages, which dialogs with the metropolitan environment in the end of the XIX century. With the objective of understanding this esthetics and such logic, found both in Movies and the Metropolis, one has sought the reflections of German philosopher Walter Benjamin on the flâneur and the phenomenological experience of the fragment, and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire, the flânerie and his modern dream of fluency amid the multitude, in his giving himself to fast-flowing, cut, abrupt phenomena of the chock. In the first chapter, we shall discuss to what extent the development of Movies is tied to the modern environment of the metropolis. On this path of reflection on the signic genesis of the Movies, it is a must that one investigates and questions the phenomenological nature of its hybrid language. In the second chapter, we shall observe the construction of the hybrid cinematographic sign and clarifies the triad that grounds it: its syntax, its form and its discourse. The third chapter analysis the film Vertigo by Alfred Hitchcock, and shows how, through the weaving of the visual, sound and verbal languages, this director creates, with a masterly hand, the thriller. In the Conclusion, besides reviewing all we have seen, the paper points at new ways one can understand the language of Movies, thus opening new inroads of questionings and hypotheses and deepening the theme and elaborating the horizons for the continuation of the research / O presente trabalho enfoca o cinema como forma híbrida de representação, resultante da junção de três linguagens indissociáveis, mescladas, mas distintas: a sonora, a visual e a verbal. Busca-se compreender o entrosamento dessas linguagens na construção sígnica das obras cinematográficas, notadamente no caso específico do cinema de Hitchcock. Trata-se também de assinalar a profunda revolução sígnica determinada pelo advento das imagens em movimento, no final do século XIX, vendo no hibridismo do discurso cinematográfico uma culminância das estéticas oitocentistas fragmentárias, notadamente a baudelairiana, tal como é armada pela atenção flutuante do poeta flâneur, em seu sonho de modernidade. Tomamos como referência teórica principal a Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), que dá base para se refletir sobre a epistemologia do cinema objetivando, com isso, o desenvolvimento da análise da construção sígnica dos filmes, que no fim, constituiria em entender a linguagem híbrida pelo qual o cinema é composto. Marcadamente pautado pelas misturas e justaposições de fragmentos, o signo cinematográfico tem sua gênese delineada por uma poética do movimento, por uma poética de inter-relações e intercâmbios entre as linguagens, que dialoga com o ambiente metropolitano no fim do século XIX. Com o objetivo de se compreender essa estética e essa lógica, encontrada tanto no cinema quanto na metrópole, é que se buscou as reflexões do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin sobre o flâneur e a experiência fenomenológica do fragmento, e a poesia de Charles Baudelaire, a flânerie e seu sonho moderno de fluência em meio a multidão, em sua entrega aos fenômenos fugidios, entrecortados e abruptos do choque. No primeiro capítulo, discute-se em que medida o desenvolvimento do cinema está atrelado ao ambiente moderno da metrópole. Neste caminho de reflexão sobre a gênese sígnica do cinema, torna-se necessário investigar e questionar a natureza fenomenológica de sua linguagem híbrida. No segundo capítulo, observa-se a construção do signo híbrido cinematográfico, esclarecendo a tríade que o fundamenta: a sintaxe, a forma e o discurso. O terceiro capítulo analisa o filme Um corpo que cai de Alfred Hitchcock, mostrando como, através da tessitura das linguagens visual, sonora e verbal, este diretor confecciona com mão de mestre, o suspense. Na conclusão, além de retomar o todo anterior, o trabalho aponta novos caminhos para se entender a linguagem do cinema, abrindo um novo leque de questionamentos e hipóteses, aprofundando o tema e traçando os horizontes para a continuidade da pesquisa

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-03T21:45:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Maria Morena Pinto Martins Farias.pdf: 3048591 bytes, checksum: 868b70963e6e6a33ba6d4c890ceaa7fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T21:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Maria Morena Pinto Martins Farias.pdf: 3048591 bytes, checksum: 868b70963e6e6a33ba6d4c890ceaa7fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-15 / CNPq / This study intends to look at the growing presence of women on sustainable development practices at Praia do Sono, in the city of Paraty/RJ, through the comparative analysis of communitarian tourism and the artisanal practice of craftwork. To think about cai?ara communities in contemporary society is also to reflect about the implementation of economical practices which allow the reproduction and survivor of these people together with environmental conservation of the coast areas. With this goal, the research compared two kinds of economical development practices developed at Praia do Sono: those inducted by the State and by civil society organizations, such as the craftwork project made by women known as Bordadeiras da Praia do Sono. On the other hand, the iniciatives and activities made by local communities and developed autonomously such as communitarian tourism. The research's focus lies on the centrality of women's management in the development of these economical practices, seeking to reflect on how women activate their family and neighborhood networks in order to organize activities and how the growing female presence on the income generation has been manifesting itself on the social relations of gender inside the family and the community. / A proposta do estudo ? analisar a crescente presen?a feminina nas pr?ticas de desenvolvimento sustent?vel na Praia do Sono, localizada no munic?pio de Paraty/RJ, a partir da an?lise comparativa do turismo de base comunit?ria e da pr?tica artesanal do bordado. Pensar comunidades cai?aras na sociedade contempor?nea ? tamb?m refletir sobre a implementa??o de pr?ticas econ?micas que permitam a reprodu??o e a sobreviv?ncia destes povos em conjunto com a conserva??o ambiental das ?reas costeiras. Com este objetivo, a pesquisa buscou analisar comparativamente dois tipos de pr?ticas de desenvolvimento econ?mico em curso na Praia do Sono: aquelas induzidas pelo Estado e organiza??es da sociedade civil, como ? o caso do bordado elaborado por mulheres que comp?e o grupo reconhecido como as Bordadeiras da Praia do Sono. E as iniciativas e atividades protagonizadas pelas comunidades locais e desenvolvidas autonomamente como o turismo comunit?rio. O foco da pesquisa recaiu sobre a centralidade da gest?o feminina no desenvolvimento dessas pr?ticas econ?micas, buscando refletir sobre como as mulheres acionam suas redes de parentesco e vizinhan?a na organiza??o das atividades e como a crescente presen?a feminina na gera??o de renda tem se manifestado nas rela??es sociais de g?nero dentro da fam?lia e da comunidade.

本研究分析現有有關應用電腦於改善ESL教學之理論，這些理論目前係為了提供較易懂與靈活的人機介面。本研究同時對於在中國大陸與台灣在ESL教學上應用CAI（電腦輔助教學）有關的討論也予以分析。 本研究也試圖提出一套方法來找出並發展適台這些市場的CAI/ESL工具，而且可證實工具的有效性。此外，本研究並提出對設計這些工具非常關鍵的技術、文化、社會以及政治方面的考量。 最後，本研究提出了一個「E計畫」的產品說明及設計。E計畫為一種模組性的CAI多媒體系統，用於加強台灣大學生第一年英語教學。 / This paper analyses the existing theories underlying the application of computers to improve ESL education, theories which currently define the nature of interfaces designed to enhance access to and flexibility of computer-based information, and arguments for the application of computer-aided instruction to the problem of ESL education in the Chinese-language markets of Mainland China and Taiwan. The paper then attempts to outline a methodology for identifying, developing, and verifying the effectiveness of appropriate computer-assisted instructional ESL tools for these markets. Moreover, it outlines specific technological, cultural, social, and political issues critical to the design of such tools. Finally, it provides a product description and design for Project E, a modular CAI multimedia program aimed at enhancing ESL training for a first-year English course for English students at a Taiwanese university.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the computer software Frizbi Mathematics 4 on 4th grade student&rsquo / s mathematics achievement, retention, attitudes toward mathematics and attitude toward computer assisted learning. Two groups (experimental and control) of primary school students from &ldquo / Sht. Osman Ahmet&rdquo / primary school in Gazimagusa, North Cyprus were used in this study. Control group was taught using a lecture-based traditional instruction and experimental group was taught using educational software, namely Frizbi Mathematics 4. The control group consisted of 26 students where the experimental group consisted of 29 students. The groups were compared on achievement of mathematics, retention, and attitude toward mathematics and computer assisted learning. The study was conducted in spring semester of 2006-2007 academic year and included three units, Multiplication of Natural Numbers, Division of Natural Numbers, and Fractions. Scores on achievement tests were collected three times / at the beginning of the study, immediately after the intervention, and 4 months later. Mathematics attitude scale and computer assisted learning attitude scale were administrated only two times / at the beginning of the study and immediately after the completion of the study. A series of ANOVAs for repeated measures revealed significant difference between the groups on the post achievement tests and attitude scales in favor of experimental group. However, statistically significant differences in favor of treatment group, on the retention tests was attained on the multiplication and division units but not on fractions. The evidence indicates that Frizbi Mathematics 4 for learning and teaching mathematics at the primary school level in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is an effective tool.

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