Apesar da mantenabilidade ser considerada importante dentro do PDP, a literatura, bem como as metodologias de desenvolvimento de produto tratam desse parâmetro superficialmente e indiretamente. Baseado nisso, melhorar o endereçamento do parâmetro mantenabilidade se faz necessário durante as etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento do produto, onde os custos atrelados às alterações são menores. Uma forma de considerar a mantenabilidade é por meio das reservas de espaço. As reservas de espaço têm como objetivo assegurar o tratamento virtual, utilizando sistemas CAD, de um espaço que será empregado futuramente pelos técnicos para realizar a manutenção do produto. Atualmente, a reserva de espaço é empregada de forma manual, gastando horas do desenvolvimento de produto e dependente do conhecimento prévio de pessoas experientes. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor um conjunto de procedimentos e um aplicativo computacional para auxiliar a equipe de desenvolvimento de produto no tratamento do parâmetro mantenabilidade, por meio da reserva de espaço, de forma ágil e concisa. A metodologia usada para atingir os objetivos está disposta em três pilares: i/entender a literatura relevante ao tema; ii/desenvolver os procedimentos necessários e um aplicativo computacional para auxiliar a equipe de desenvolvimento, ao longo do PDP, a considerar a mantenabilidade; e iii/validação dos resultados. Com esse corpo de conhecimento, foi possível criar procedimentos e um aplicativo computacional que visam endereçar a mantenabilidade, com o uso de reservas de espaço, durante o PDP. A proposta foi validada por meio da apresentação dos procedimentos e do aplicativo a um grupo de profissionais da indústria automotiva. Com a coleta de respostas oriundas de dois questionários, pode-se avaliar os resultados obtidos. Os resultados indicam que os procedimentos e o aplicativo possuem potencial para melhorar a forma de considerar a mantenabilidade durante o PDP. / Even though maintainability is regarded as important in the PDP, both literature and PDP methodologies deal with this parameter superficially and in an indirect manner. With that, it becomes clear that the proper addressing of the maintainability parameter is necessary in the early stages of the PDP when the costs associated with design changes are smaller. One way of addressing maintainability is through the use of space claims. The space claims have as their goal to assure the virtual analysis using CAD systems, during product development, of the space that will be used by technicians to perform product maintenance. Currently, the space claims are done manually, spending valuable development time/hours and dependent on the previous knowledge of experts. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a set of procedures and a computer application to assist the product development team in the treatment of maintainability parameter, through the usage of space claims, agile and concisely. The methodology used to reach the objectives is supported by three main components: i/understanding the relevant literature; ii/ developing the needed procedures and a computer application to assist the product development team, during PDP, to address maintainability; and iii/results validation. With this knowledge, it was possible to design the procedures and a computer application aiming to address the maintainability, through the space claims, during PDP. The proposal was validated through the presentation of procedures and computer application to a professional group in the automotive industry. By collecting answers originated from two questionnaires, could evaluate the results. The results show that set of procedures and computer application have a potential to improve the way of address maintainability during PDP.

Atualmente, na indústria automotiva voltada à produção de veículos pesados, se objetiva oferecer produtos de grande valor agregado, cujos clientes buscam um veículo com uma grande disponibilidade de operação e com a capacidade de realizar uma manutenção de forma planejada, rápida e correta. Como a manutenção é uma ação executada em um produto acabado, para que ela seja conduzida com alta qualidade, requisitos devem ser endereçados na etapa de PDP. Baseado na necessidade de explorar novos diferenciais no mercado, desde a venda do produto em si até o suporte de pós-vendas, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma sistemática para acoplar ferramentas CAD, ferramentas de análise de rotas de desmontagem de conjuntos mecânicos e regras chaves de manutenção, para produzir uma análise classificatória que subsidie o engenheiro de serviço, juntamente com os demais membros do time de projeto na avaliação e seleção, durante o PDP, de conceitos que melhor suportem diretrizes de mantenabilidade. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, foram exploradas informações disponíveis atualmente no PDP, estudo de rotas para remoção de componentes, requisitos propostos sobre mantenabilidade e, a utilização de uma ferramenta de tomada de decisão utilizando-se multicritérios. Deste modo, determinou-se a estrutura do método, e o processo adotado para o desenvolvimento da análise classificatória de concepções de produto, considerando diretrizes de mantenabilidade adotadas na etapa do projeto conceitual. A partir das informações levantadas na pesquisa bibliográfica e da coleta de dados de campo referentes à manutenção ao longo dos anos, definiram-se as premissas que o método deveria atender. Em uma próxima etapa, o método foi submetido a avaliação, através da aplicação do mesmo em um experimento realizado em ambiente controlado. Neste caso, três alternativas pré-definidas foram escolhidas e submetidas ao mesmo. Assim, foi possível verificar o comportamento do método quando aplicado. Os resultados preliminares indicam que a abordagem utilizada pelo método é satisfatória para avaliar alternativas conceituais com base em critérios de mantenabilidade. Trabalhar a mantenabilidade de modo sistemático nas etapas iniciais de projeto potencializa as chances de sucesso do produto. Assim, o uso desta ferramenta poderá contribuir na maximização dos lucros de pós-vendas, aumento da disponibilidade do produto e redução do custo de manutenção, devido à geração de produtos diferenciados e com valor agregado. / Currently, the automotive industry focused on heavy vehicles production, aim at offering high added value products for customers seeking a vehicle with a high operational availability and the ability to carry out maintenance in a planned, quick and correct approach. As maintenance is an action performed in a finished product, for it to be conducted with high quality, requirements must be addressed in the PDP stage. Based on the need to explore new advantages in the market, from the sales of the product itself to the aftermarket support, this thesis aims at presenting the development of a systematic that engage CAD tools, analysis tool for disassemble routes of mechanical assemblies and maintenance key rules, to produce a classification analysis that assists the service engineer along with the project team in the evaluation and selection, during the PDP, of concepts that best support maintainability guidelines. From a literature review, were explored information available on the PDP, studies related to components removal routes, maintainability requirements and multi criteria decision making tool usage. In this way, it was structured the method and process for the development of classification analysis of product proposals considering maintainability guidelines during the conceptual design stage. From the information collected from literature and field regarding the maintenance over the years, the assumptions that the method should meet were established. In the next step, the method was submitted to evaluation, by its application in an experiment conducted in a controlled environment. In this case, three pre-defined alternatives were selected and submitted to the method. Preliminary results indicate that the approach is satisfactory to assess conceptual alternatives based on maintainability criteria. Working maintainability systematically in the early stages of design enhances the product's chances of success. Thus, this tool can contribute in the aftermarket profits maximization, product availability increasing and maintenance cost reduction, due to the definition of differentiated products with added values.

Apesar da mantenabilidade ser considerada importante dentro do PDP, a literatura, bem como as metodologias de desenvolvimento de produto tratam desse parâmetro superficialmente e indiretamente. Baseado nisso, melhorar o endereçamento do parâmetro mantenabilidade se faz necessário durante as etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento do produto, onde os custos atrelados às alterações são menores. Uma forma de considerar a mantenabilidade é por meio das reservas de espaço. As reservas de espaço têm como objetivo assegurar o tratamento virtual, utilizando sistemas CAD, de um espaço que será empregado futuramente pelos técnicos para realizar a manutenção do produto. Atualmente, a reserva de espaço é empregada de forma manual, gastando horas do desenvolvimento de produto e dependente do conhecimento prévio de pessoas experientes. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor um conjunto de procedimentos e um aplicativo computacional para auxiliar a equipe de desenvolvimento de produto no tratamento do parâmetro mantenabilidade, por meio da reserva de espaço, de forma ágil e concisa. A metodologia usada para atingir os objetivos está disposta em três pilares: i/entender a literatura relevante ao tema; ii/desenvolver os procedimentos necessários e um aplicativo computacional para auxiliar a equipe de desenvolvimento, ao longo do PDP, a considerar a mantenabilidade; e iii/validação dos resultados. Com esse corpo de conhecimento, foi possível criar procedimentos e um aplicativo computacional que visam endereçar a mantenabilidade, com o uso de reservas de espaço, durante o PDP. A proposta foi validada por meio da apresentação dos procedimentos e do aplicativo a um grupo de profissionais da indústria automotiva. Com a coleta de respostas oriundas de dois questionários, pode-se avaliar os resultados obtidos. Os resultados indicam que os procedimentos e o aplicativo possuem potencial para melhorar a forma de considerar a mantenabilidade durante o PDP. / Even though maintainability is regarded as important in the PDP, both literature and PDP methodologies deal with this parameter superficially and in an indirect manner. With that, it becomes clear that the proper addressing of the maintainability parameter is necessary in the early stages of the PDP when the costs associated with design changes are smaller. One way of addressing maintainability is through the use of space claims. The space claims have as their goal to assure the virtual analysis using CAD systems, during product development, of the space that will be used by technicians to perform product maintenance. Currently, the space claims are done manually, spending valuable development time/hours and dependent on the previous knowledge of experts. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a set of procedures and a computer application to assist the product development team in the treatment of maintainability parameter, through the usage of space claims, agile and concisely. The methodology used to reach the objectives is supported by three main components: i/understanding the relevant literature; ii/ developing the needed procedures and a computer application to assist the product development team, during PDP, to address maintainability; and iii/results validation. With this knowledge, it was possible to design the procedures and a computer application aiming to address the maintainability, through the space claims, during PDP. The proposal was validated through the presentation of procedures and computer application to a professional group in the automotive industry. By collecting answers originated from two questionnaires, could evaluate the results. The results show that set of procedures and computer application have a potential to improve the way of address maintainability during PDP.

Orientador: Helder Anibal Hermini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T07:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vidal_Tabata_M.pdf: 5227439 bytes, checksum: 003d20540fa55512408c2b363171f23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar na literatura os desenvolvimentos da aplicação das tecnologias envolvidas em automação dedicadas às próteses mioelétricas de membros superiores, desde os primeiros trabalhos implementados no período pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial até as soluções tecnológicas atualmente utilizadas. O conceito de prótese mioelétrica envolve a aquisição e tratamento do sinal mioelétrico de um membro residual que é usado para acionar um atuador que ativará a ferramenta terminal. Objetivando a elaboração de uma solução compatível e aplicável harmonicamente ao sistema orgânico, foram realizados estudos da anatomia, da fisiologia articular dos membros superiores, da natureza e características do sinal mioelétrico, além das tecnologias envolvidas para a concepção de protótipos mecatrônicos, tais como técnicas de CAD-CAE-CAM e a geração de circuitos eletrônicos dedicados à coleta e tratamento de sinais mioelétricos. Para validar o desenvolvimento teórico, três protótipos da ferramenta terminal foram confeccionados, sendo testados em nível de bancada / Abstract: The goal of this work was to review the specialized literature for the development of technological applications connected with automation of myoelectrical prosthesis of upper limbs throughout the years, from World War 2 post-war solutions to the technology currently applied. The concept of myoelectrical prosthesis presupposes implies the acquisition and treatment of the myoelectrical signal of a residual limb which is used to start an actuator, which in turn activates the terminal tool. Aiming at encountering a solution that could be both compatible and harmoniously applicable to the human body, the author engaged in studying anatomy, upper limbs articular physiology, the nature and characteristics of the myoelectrical signal in addition to the technologies utilized to conceive mechatronic prototypes, i.e. CAD-CAE-CAM and the creation of dedicated electronic circuits to collect and process the myoelectrical signals. To validate the theoretical foundation of this project, three prototypes of terminal tools were manufactured and bench-tested. / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: João Maurício Rosário / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GonzalezCardozo_CarlosAurelio_M.pdf: 3291710 bytes, checksum: 44b69cb0622c9a8dd792e7d9b3e4cee9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A Manufatura Digital integra o projeto do produto ao planejamento dos processos de manufatura e de suporte ao produto. Produtos, processos e recursos são modelados a partir de dados reais, em uma fábrica virtual. O funcionamento desta fábrica virtual é testado até sua validação e os resultados são aplicados na fábrica real. É uma importante alternativa com potencial para transformar os negócios, tornando-os mais competitivos, graças aos diversos benefícios conseguidos com a Manufatura Digital, tais como redução dos ciclos de desenvolvimento do produto e dos custos de manufatura, aceleração de resposta ao mercado, aumento da qualidade do produto, melhoras na disseminação do conhecimento do produto. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a aplicação da Manufatura Digital no Contexto de Engenharia Reversa através de um estudo de caso de um Projeto Colaborativo Internacional que resultou no Protótipo Virtual de um avião Blériot XI e fabricação de uma réplica deste avião, com o objetivo de validar a implantação da Manufatura Digital em um ambiente educacional / Abstract: The Digital Manufacturing integrates product design to manufacturing process planning and product support. Products, processes and resources are modeled from real data in a virtual factory. The operation of the virtual factory is tested to its validation and the results are applied to actual plant. It is an important alternative with the potential to transform businesses, making them more competitive, thanks to the many benefits achieved through Digital Manufacturing, such as reducing product development cycles and manufacturing cost, rapid response to market, increased product quality improvements in the dissemination of product knowledge. The aim of this study is to describe the application of Digital Manufacturing in the Context of Reverse Engineering through a case study an International Collaborative Project which resulted in the Virtual Prototype of an airplane Blériot XI and manufacture of a replica of this plane, with the aim of validating the deployment of Digital Manufacturing in an educational environment / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This report discusses in great detail the various research, design, and development stages of the Produce Sorting Microcomputer developed for HAGAN ENGINEERING Inc. The two-semester Clinical Research project has been approved by the graduate committee at the School of Engineering at the University of the Pacific and fulfills the requirements towards a Master Degree in Electrical Engineering. The project was selected based on its complexity, feasibility, the time span it required to complete, and its relevance to the area of real time microcomputer design. In addition, the design constraints and specifications were to be dictated solely by HAGAN ENGINEERING Inc. and all further modifications were to be discussed and approved by HAGAN. These limitations created a professional industry-like atmosphere, which is one of the goals of the Clinical Research Program. A brief User's Manual will accompany the MC68000 board; it will contain all the vital information about the system that a programmer or a technician might need to understand the system. The manual wall contain the complete circuit schematic, a parts list, general design features, and all the software properties of the system (memory map, interrupt tables register map).

Thesis (M. Tech. (Design and Studio Art)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014 / This quantitative research project investigates the utilization of emerging technologies within the arts with a view on establishing an interdisciplinary approach between ceramics and engineering. The traditional manufacturing method of producing master moulds is a time-consuming process for the studio ceramicist. This study explores whether computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerical control (CNC) milling can accelerate the design and manufacturing process when developing master moulds as an alternative to using traditional methods. It investigates whether SolidWorks® can be applied as a suitable CAD design tool for the creation of ceramic vessel forms in order to reduce the design development time frame. It furthermore investigates whether CNC milling can be used as a viable manufacturing technology for the making of vessel prototypes and master moulds from CAD data, the overall objective being to improve and accelerate the plaster of Paris master mould manufacturing process for the batch production of studio-based ceramic artefacts. Findings from this study indicate that emerging technologies have a lot to offer the artist when it comes to providing new possibilities for the creation of artefacts and that SolidWorks® and CNC milling can be utilized as a viable interdisciplinary manufacturing approach between ceramics and digital manufacturing technologies.

Computational modeling is essential for material and structural analyses for a multitude of reasons, including for the improvement of design and reducing manufacturing costs. However, the cost of commercial finite element packages prevent companies with limited financial resources from accessing them. Free finite element solvers, such as Warp3D, exist as robust alternatives to commercial finite element analysis (FEA) packages. This and other open-source finite element solvers are not necessarily easy to use. This is mainly due to a lack of a preprocessing framework, where users can generate meshes, apply boundary conditions and forces, or define materials. We developed a preprocessor for Warp3d, which is referred to as <i>W3DInput</i>, to generate input files for the processor. <i>W3DInput</i> creates a general framework, at no cost, to go from CAD models to structural analysis. With this preprocessor, the user can import a mesh from a mesh generator software – for this project, Gmsh was utilized – and the preprocessor will step the user through the necessary inputs for a Warp3D file. By using this preprocessor, the input file is guaranteed to be in the correct order and format that is readable by the solver, and makes it more accessible for users of all levels. With this preprocessor, five use cases were created: a cantilever beam, a displacement control test, a displacement control test with a material defined by a user-defined stress-strain curve, a crystal plasticity model, and pallet. Results were outputted to Exodus II files for viewing in Paraview, and the results were verified by checking the stress-strain curves. Results from these use cases show that the input files generated from the preprocessor functions were correct.

La thèse concerne un procédé de fabrication par usinage dans son aspect le plus générique. L’objectif est de développer une approche intégrée aux systèmes CFAO permettant de prédire le comportement vibratoire d’un système usinant en fraisage régénératif multiaxe dans une échelle mésoscopique. Cela engage l’estimation des interactions Pièce / Outil instantanées, le calcul des forces de coupe et enfin, la détermination de la stabilité/instabilité du procédé sous certaines conditions de coupe. La géométrie de l’interaction est rendue particulièrement complexe à cause de la forme de l’outil et de la pièce ainsi que de leur position relative. Dans ces travaux, nous proposons une approche générique basée sur un système de CFAO pour l’extraction des éléments géométriques nécessaires au calcul des forces de coupe en chaque point de la trajectoire du fraisage. Et dans le dessein d’une meilleure prédiction, nous nous basons sur la discrétisation de la fraise en des arêtes infinitésimales. Particulièrement, cette approche est implémentée pour un cas d’usage simple. Par la suite, nous développons, sous Simulink/Matlab, un système de calcul permettant la visualisation des forces et de la dynamique de la coupe dans le domaine temporel. Ceci grâce aux modèles de comportement du système usinant identifiés expérimentalement et un modèle spécifique d’efforts de coupe intégrant le facteur retard. Par ailleurs, la stabilité liée à la coupe est déterminée à partir des critères de comportement applicables aux systèmes non linéaires héréditaires. L’interopérabilité de ces deux outils de calcul et de conception est couronnée par la production d’un démonstrateur de comportement vibratoire sur une trajectoire de coupe par fraisage régénératif. Enfin, une première étude expérimentale visant le recalage des modèles de comportement et d’efforts de coupe, ainsi que la validation de l’approche générique et du démonstrateur est produite pour différents processus de fraisage. / This research is a generic aspect enquiry on manufacturing process by machining. Its main objective is supporting CAD/CAM systems through an integrated approach aiming to determine vibratory behavior of multi-axis chatter milling. This involves estimating instantaneous Part / Tool interactions, calculating cutting forces and finally determining process stability or instability under certain cutting conditions. Interaction geometry is made particularly complex because of tool and workpiece’s geometry as well as their relative position. In this work, we propose a generic approach based on CAD/CAM systems to extract geometric elements needed to calculate cutting forces at each point of milling path. In addition, with a view to better prediction, we rely on milling tool discretization into infinitesimal edges while developing and implementing milling simulation system for cutting forces and dynamics calculation tool in Simulink/Matlab software. This, thanks to the behavior models of machining system identified experimentally and a specific model of cutting forces incorporating delay factor. In addition, the milling process behavior is determined by applying some criteria to the hereditary system. The interoperability of these two calculation and design tools is culminated with a visual demonstrator of vibration behaviors in milling tool path. Finally, a first experimental study aiming at behavior and cutting forces models adjustment, as well as the generic approach and the demonstrator validation is realized for different milling processes.

"This research is aimed at studying the key technologies of Computer-Aided Manufacturing Planning (CAMP) of mass customization for non-rotational part production. The main goal of the CAMP is to rapidly generate manufacturing plans by using of the best-of-practice (BOP) provided by specific companies. A systematic information modeling hierarchy is proposed to facilitate changes in manufacturing plans according to changes in part design. The Object-oriented Systems Analysis (OSA) approach is used to represent information relationships and associativities in the CAMP. A feature-based part information model, a process model, a setup planning model, and manufacturing resource capability models are established. A three-level decision-making mechanism is proposed for the CAMP. At the feature- level, combined features are defined based on part families, and a process model is proposed to describe the information associativities between features and their manufacturing strategies, which include customized cutters and toolpaths. At the part level, graph-based setup planning is carried out by tolerance analysis and manufacturing resource capability analysis. At the machine level, multi-part fixtures are utilized to pursue high productivity. Cycle time is used to evaluate manufacturing plans. Computer software for the CAMP has been developed and integrated with CAD package Unigraphs. The BOP of part families is stored in XML format, which has good extendibility and can be read and edited by standard browsers."