Magister Educationis - MEd / The use of literature-based reading has a significant impact on the development of critical literacy (Tung and Chang, 2009). Based on the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory and Vygotsky’s theory of collaborative learning, this interpretive qualitative case study aimed at exploring how Grade 10 English Home Language poetry was taught in the development of critical literacy. Research was conducted at two schools in the Northern Suburbs of Cape Town in which lesson observations, focus group discussions, post-observation interviews, and field notes were used to amass data. Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, and insights from Boler’s (1999) pedagogy of discomfort were used to analyse data. This study found that despite teachers’ being favourably disposed towards poetry, they harbour covert feelings of inadequacy in teaching the genre which lead to the adoption of coping mechanisms. / 2023

Full-scale dynamic lateral load tests were performed on a pile cap with a dense silty sand backfill condition. Two hydraulic load actuators connected a test pile cap with a reaction cap. The load actuators incrementally loaded the test cap up to 50 mm of displacement. After each load increment, the displacement was held constant while an eccentric mass shaker induced dynamic loads under a ramping sequence from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. A baseline response was developed under a no backfill condition. Passive soil pressure was measured using pressure cells and tactile sensors. It was concluded that the presence of the backfill significantly increased the lateral load resistance of the pile-cap system, with the resistance nearly doubling at a 50 mm deflection level. After initial loading, the pile cap system experienced a loss in load resistance. In the case with backfill present, this relaxation generally represented a 10 to 15% loss in resistance. Additionally, after undergoing dynamic, cyclic loading, the resistance was approximately 40 to 80% of its initial value. Dynamic displacement amplitudes were on the order of 0 to 2 mm. Passive pressure from the backfill was observed to be non-linear with a concentration of pressure near the bottom of the pile cap. Rankine, Coulomb, and log-spiral earth pressure theories underestimated the passive earth pressure from the backfill by at least 30%. The natural frequency of the pile cap increased with increasing with static displacement level while placement of the backfill further increased the frequency of the pile cap. On average, the presence of the backfill increased the reloading stiffness of the pile cap by a factor of three to four, whereas the damping ratio increased by a factor of two. The dense silty sand backfill acting by itself on the face of the 1.12 m tall and 5.18 m wide pile cap face exhibited a reloading stiffness on the order of 120 to 250 kN/mm and a damping ratio of 30 to 70%. These damping ratios are significantly higher than that typical expected for structural materials but appear to be consistent with values for soils.

Full-scale lateral load tests were performed on a pile cap with five backfill conditions: no backfill, densely compacted fine gravel, loosely compacted fine gravel, densely compacted coarse gravel, and loosely compacted coarse gravel. Static loads, applied by hydraulic load actuators, were followed by low-frequency, actuator-driven cyclic loads as well as higher frequency dynamic loads from an eccentric mass shaker. Passive resistance from the backfill significantly increased the lateral capacity of the pile cap. Densely compacted backfill materials contributed about 70% of the total system resistance, whereas loosely compacted backfill materials contributed about 40%. The mobilized passive resistance occurred at displacement-to-height ratios of about 0.04 for the densely compacted gravels, whereas passive resistance in the loosely compacted materials does not fully mobilize until greater displacements are reached. Three methods were used to model the passive resistance of the backfill. Comparisons between calculated and measured responses for the densely compacted backfills indicate that in-situ shear strength test parameters provide reasonable agreement when a log-spiral method is used. Reasonable agreement for the loosely compacted backfills was obtained by either significantly reducing the interface friction angle to near zero or reducing the soil's frictional strength by a factor ranging from 0.65 to 0.85. Cracking, elevation changes, and horizontal strains in the backfill indicate that the looser materials fail differently than their densely compacted counterparts. Under both low frequency cyclic loading and higher frequency shaker loading, the backfill significantly increased the stiffness of the system. Loosely compacted soils approximately doubled the stiffness of the pile cap without backfill and densely compacted materials roughly quadrupled the stiffness of the pile cap. The backfill also affected the damping of the system in both the cyclic and the dynamic cases, with a typical damping ratio of at least 15% being observed for the foundation system.

Large scale static lateral load tests were completed on a pile cap with wingwalls under several different sand backfill configurations: no backfill, loosely compacted unconfined, loosely compacted slip plane wall confined, loosely compacted MSE wingwall confined, and densely compacted MSE wingwall confined. The relative compaction of the backfill was varied during each test to observe the change in passive resistance provided by the backfill. The wall types were varied to observe the force placed on the walls and the wall displacement as a result of the laterally loaded pile cap and backfill relative compaction. Passive force-displacement curves were generated from each test. It was found that the densely compacted material provided a much greater passive resistance than the loosely compacted material by 43% (251 kips) when confined by MSE walls. The outward displacement of the MSE walls decreased noticeably for the dense MSE test relative to the loose MSE test. Backfill cracking and heave severity also increased as the relative compaction level of the backfill increased. As the maximum passive force was reached, the reinforcement reached their peak pullout resistance. Correlations were developed between the passive pressure acting on the pile cap and the pressure measured on the MSE wingwalls as a function of distance from the pile cap for both loose and dense backfills. The pressure measured on the wingwalls was approximately 3 to 9% of the pressure acting on the pile cap. As the distance from the pile cap increased, the pressure ratio decreased. This result helps predict the capacity of the wingwalls in abutment design and the amount of allowable wall deflection before pullout of the backfill reinforcement occurs. Three methods were used to model the measured passive force-displacement curves of each test. Overall, the computed curves were in good agreement with the measured curves. However, the triaxial soil friction angle needed to be increased to the plane strain friction angle to accurately model both the loose and dense sand MSE and slip plane wall confined tests. The plane strain friction angle was found to be between 9 to 17% greater than the triaxial friction angle.

Large scale static lateral load tests were performed on a pile cap under varying sand backfill configurations: no backfill, full-width dense sand backfill, dense sand slip plane confined backfill, and two configurations of dense sand MSE wall confined backfills. Efforts were made to maintain the relative compaction of the backfills for each of the tests near the same value. The MSE wall panel arrangement was varied to determine the effect of different reinforcement configurations on the passive resistance and wall panel displacement. Passive force-displacement curves were generated from each test. It was found that the MSE design manual provided reasonable estimates of pullout resistance of bar mats in dense sand, and that the passive resistance of a soil backfill confined by MSE walls can be calculated with an increased friction angle using a log-spiral approach. Also, the amount the triaxial friction angle can be increased depends on how much the MSE wall panels displace outward. Correlations were developed between the pressure on the pile cap and that on the MSE wall panels near the pile cap. Generally, the pressure on the wall panels was less than 10% of that which was on the adjacent pile cap, and decreased as the distance from the pile cap increased. Finally, it was found that while limiting the backfill width decreases the ultimate passive resistance of the backfill, if the backfill is confined in a plane strain configuration the passive resistance per unit width is higher than that for an unconfined backfill.

Accounting for seismic forces and thermal expansion in bridge design requires an accurate passive force versus backwall deflection relationship. Current design codes make no allowances for skew effects on the development of the passive force. However, small-scale experimental results and available numerical models indicate that there is a significant reduction in peak passive force as skew angle increases for plane-strain cases. To further explore this issue large-scale field tests were conducted at skew angles of 0°, 15°, and 30° with unconfined backfill geometry. The abutment backwall was 11 feet (3.35-m) wide by 5.5 feet (1.68-m) high, and backfill material consisted of dense compacted sand. The peak passive force for the 15° and 30° tests was found to be 73% and 58%, respectively, of the peak passive force for the 0° test which is in good agreement with the small-scale laboratory tests and numerical model results. However, the small differences may suggest that backfill properties (e.g. geometry and density) may have some slight effect on the reduction in peak passive force with respect to skew angle. Longitudinal displacement of the backfill at the peak passive force was found to be approximately 3% of the backfill height for all field tests and is consistent with previously reported values for large-scale passive force-deflection tests, though skew angle may slightly reduce the deflection necessary to reach backfill failure. The backfill failure mechanism appears to transition from a log spiral type failure mechanism where Prandtl and Rankine failure zones develop at low skew angles, to a failure mechanism where a Prandtl failure zone does not develop as skew angle increases.

Screw cap wine closures provide many benefits in maintenance of wine quality over time, however acceptance of their use by purchasers has varied. This work first investigates how factors like age, gender, income and education affect the decision to purchase screw cap wines and to what extent these factors impact consumer decisions to bring screw cap wine to various social settings. The results of a questionnaire pooling attitudes and behaviors of wine purchasers (n=319) indicate that factors such as age, wine knowledge, income and gender influence a consumer’s decision to purchase screw cap wine. Education and income positively impact the acceptance of screw cap wines and the likelihood of purchasing them. Age has a negative effect on acceptance of screw cap wines in social situations. Gender was found to not be significant in regards to likelihood of screw cap wine purchase generally, however men tended to view screw cap wines as more acceptable in more social situations than women.

Esta pesquisa tomou como objeto de estudo os processos de trabalho e a relação entre atores (trabalhadores e usuária) que guiou a construção do projeto terapêutico singular ou projetos para a vida de Maria Luiza da Silva, nome que a usuária do serviço escolheu para ser identificada. Preocupou-se em saber se esses processos de trabalho e as relações produziram emancipação ou subordinação, analisados à luz do referencial teórico da reabilitação como cidadania. A presente pesquisa é um estudo qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso observacional. Utilizou como estratégia metodológica para captação dos processos de trabalho o fluxograma descritor (que se mostrou um instrumento eficaz), cumpriu a orientação metodológica da sua construção coletiva, buscando no registro da memória da equipe de referência, no prontuário e no diário de bordo da pesquisadora, os passos seguidos pela usuária. Os processos de trabalho captados por meio do fluxograma descritor foram: Promover adesão ao serviço e vinculação com equipe de referência; Mediar problemas de moradia: conseguir vaga em albergue e alugar vaga em quarto; Viabilizar o acesso a benefício de prestação continuada; Mediar o processo de resgate do vínculo com familiares; Mediar a procura por curso profissionalizante; Mediar a relação com as proprietárias dos quartos; Ajudar a organizar o cotidiano; Ajudar a conseguir vaga de trabalho temporário ou informal e Reorientar o projeto terapêutico singular compartilhado. Constatou-se que todos os processos de trabalho desenvolvidos pela equipe de referência foram acionados pelas necessidades da usuária, portanto, aferiu-se centralidade na usuária para a produção da ação de saúde. A análise indica clareza e pertinência com relação aos instrumentos de intervenção engendrados, mas observa-se que as finalidades não ficam claramente definidas em todos os processos de trabalho. Ao final da análise constata-se um objeto de intervenção - uma Maria Luiza protagonista, questionando seu PTS. A equipe de referência, neste processo de trabalho, em particular, radicaliza a forma de organização dos saberes, como deve ser no campo psicossocial, e sustenta que quem sabe de suas necessidades é o sujeito que as porta. O instrumento de intervenção, no caso, foi o vínculo e a inclusão do seu saber laico, leigo, não codificado. A finalidade deste processo de trabalho, em particular, é uma diretriz da Reforma Psiquiátrica e do SUS: dialogar com uma cidadã. / The object of study of this research is the process of work and the relations between actors (workers and user of a mental health service) that guided the construction of the singular therapeutic project, or projects for the life of Maria Luiza da Silva, name that the user of the service chose to be identified. The researchers aimed to know if theses processes and the relations established produced emancipation or subordination, analyzed under the theoretical reference of rehabilitation as citizenship. The present research is a qualitative study, of the observational case study type. A describer fluxogram was used as methodological strategy for capturing the processes of work (It has shown as a useful instrument), all the methodological orientation was followed for the collective construction of the fluxogram, collecting the information from the memory of the workers, the chart and the board diary built by the researcher, for the construction of the steps of the user of the service. The processes of work captured by the describer fluxogram were: Promoting adherence to the service and connection to the reference team; Mediate the problems of housing: getting vacancies in albergues and vacancy in rooms; Provide the access to the BPC; Mediate the rescue of the relations with family; Mediate the search for professionalizing courses; Mediate the relation between the landladies; Helping with the every day organization; Helping getting an informal job vacancy and Reorient the shared singular therapeutic project. It was realized that all the processes of work developed by the reference team were started by her needs, therefore, it was checked the centrality in the user of the service for the construction of actions in health. The analysis points to the clarity and coherence related to the instruments for intervention generated, but it is possible to observe that the goals are not clearly defined in all the processes of work. By the end of the analysis it is possible to realize an intervention object a protagonist Maria Luiza, questioning her singular therapeutic project. The reference team, in this process of work in particular, radicalizes the way the knowledge is organized, as it is supposed to be in the psychosocial field, and sustains that who knows about one needs is the own person who needs. The instrument of intervention, in this case, was the connection and the inclusion of her secular and layman knowledge, un-codified. The goal of this process of work in particular, is a direction of the Brazilian Psychosocial Reform and the SUS: conversing with a citizenship.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-18T11:34:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina Furlaneto Frazatto.pdf: 3078157 bytes, checksum: b5dc341e4fd1cd954528e260a5c4cb9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T11:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina Furlaneto Frazatto.pdf: 3078157 bytes, checksum: b5dc341e4fd1cd954528e260a5c4cb9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to reflect on the freedom health care, as proclaimed by the Psychiatric Reform, and how it has been effected under the SUS. Considering that mental health care in Brazil, historically marked by isolation in psychiatric institutions, has gradually been replaced by care in the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS), this study comprises the freedom health care as opposed to isolation practices, whether performed in psychiatric hospitals or reproduced in mental health services out of it. It understands that the implementation of the new model of mental health care, regulated since 2001, through the Law 10.216, is the result of intense struggle by social movements in favor of the Psychiatric Reform, whose principles were in part embraced by public policies of health. The process of realization has taken place under controversies and challenges that need to be constantly discussed. This study is within the context of reviewing the scope and difficulties faced, proposing, as methodological point, the collection of data in medical records of users who were discharged from CAPS 1 of Marialva-PR during the year of 2015. Through the information collected: 1) we draw the profile of users in terms of age, marital status, schooling and occupation; 2) we constructed an overview of the care received by them, taking into account the origin of referrals, initial complaints, diagnostic classification, duration of medical monitoring, prevalence of psychiatric hospitalization, access to social benefits and the variety of registered interventions for the team; 3) we analyzed the aspects directly related to the medical discharge of the CAPS, identifying the professionals who recorded it in the medical record, the issues addressed around this procedure, the contact with the RAPS, the referrals made and the participation of the users in specific activities at the time of discharge . It was possible to recognize signs that suggest the realization of freedom health care. Diagnostic complaints and classifications confirm that the CAPS of Marialva-PR complies with the recommendations of the National Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Policy regarding the public served, which is composed of people with severe and persistent mental disorders. The reduced number of patients referred for hospitalization during the period of medical monitoring in this CAPS and their accomplishment in the Psychiatric Emergency of a general hospital show that it is possible to achieve mental health care according to the principles of the Psychiatric Reform. The interdisciplinarity present in most of the interventions carried out by the team and in the preparation of the Therapeutic Projects also contributed to the effectiveness of this process. On the other hand, we identified incidents, such as the reception of users before the first psychiatric hospitalization, the indispensable nature of the medication, the expansion of interventions that go beyond the service space and ensure permanent contact with RAPS not only at the moment of discharge, but throughout the monitoring. Such difficulties are associated with the way in which we have historically understood and dealt with madness in our society and, when discussed in the light of epistemological questions, point to the existence of issues of the classical paradigm of psychiatry which need to be overcome. Thus, this study instigates the need to uncover traps that may constitute impediments and setbacks to the Psychiatric Reform, a field in permanent construction, for which we hope to contribute facing the challenge of caring in freedom health care / O objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre o cuidado em liberdade, conforme apregoado pela Reforma Psiquiátrica, e como ele vem sendo efetivado no âmbito do SUS. Considerando que a assistência em saúde mental no Brasil, historicamente marcada pelo isolamento em instituições psiquiátricas, tem sido paulatinamente substituída pelo cuidado na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS), este estudo compreende o cuidado em liberdade em oposição às práticas de isolamento, sejam elas realizadas nos hospitais psiquiátricos ou reproduzidas em serviços de saúde mental extra-hospitalares. Entende que a efetivação do novo modelo de atenção em saúde mental, regulamentado a partir de 2001, por meio da Lei nº 10.216, é resultante de intensa luta de movimentos sociais em prol da Reforma Psiquiátrica, cujos princípios foram, em parte, acolhidos pelas políticas de saúde. O processo de efetivação tem acontecido em meio a impasses e desafios que precisam ser constantemente discutidos. Este estudo se insere, portanto, no contexto de revisão dos alcances obtidos e das dificuldades enfrentadas, propondo, como recorte metodológico, o levantamento de dados em prontuários de usuários que receberam alta do CAPS 1 de Marialva-PR durante o ano de 2015. Por intermédio das informações recolhidas: 1) traçamos o perfil dos usuários em termos de faixa etária, estado civil, escolaridade e ocupação; 2) construímos um panorama sobre o cuidado recebido por eles, levando em consideração a origem dos encaminhamentos, as queixas iniciais, a classificação diagnóstica, a duração do acompanhamento, a prevalência de internação psiquiátrica, o acesso aos benefícios sociais e a variedade das intervenções registradas pela equipe; 3) analisamos os aspectos relacionados diretamente à alta do CAPS, identificando os profissionais que a registraram no prontuário, as questões abordadas ao redor desse procedimento, o contato com a RAPS, os encaminhamentos realizados e a participação dos usuários em atividades específicas por ocasião da alta. Foi possível reconhecer sinais que sugerem a efetivação do cuidado em liberdade. As queixas e as classificações diagnósticas confirmam que o CAPS de Marialva-PR atende às recomendações da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental Álcool e Outras Drogas no que se refere ao público atendido, que é constituído por pessoas com transtornos mentais graves e persistentes. O número reduzido de usuários encaminhados para internação, durante o período de acompanhamento neste CAPS, e a realização das mesmas na Emergência Psiquiátrica de um hospital geral mostram que é possível concretizar a assistência em saúde mental conforme preconizam os princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica. A interdisciplinaridade presente na maior parte das intervenções realizadas pela equipe e na confecção dos Projetos Terapêuticos também contribuiu para a efetivação deste processo. Por outro lado, identificamos percalços relacionados ao acolhimento dos usuários antes da primeira internação psiquiátrica, ao caráter indispensável do medicamento, à ampliação de intervenções que ultrapassam o espaço do serviço e garantam um contato permanente com a RAPS não só no momento da alta, mas durante todo o acompanhamento. Tais dificuldades estão associadas à forma como, historicamente, temos compreendido e lidado com a loucura em nossa sociedade e, quando discutidas à luz de questões epistemológicas, sinalizam a existência de questões do paradigma clássico de psiquiatria, as quais precisam ser superadas. Assim, este estudo instiga à necessidade de desvelar armadilhas que podem se constituir em impedimentos e retrocessos à Reforma Psiquiátrica, um campo em permanente construção, para o qual esperamos contribuir frente ao desafio de cuidar em liberdade

O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa qualitativa são as práticas dos trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Picossocial III - CAPS III. A finalidade é contribuir para a compreensão das práticas em saúde mental produzidas no CAPS III, por meio da perspectiva crítica e colaborar com a consolidação da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Tem como objetivos: descrever as práticas de saúde mental dos trabalhadores do CAPS III; verificar se as práticas se articulam às diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira e analisar os processos de trabalho desenvolvidos pelos trabalhadores nos seus elementos constitutivos, da perspectiva do campo psicossocial. O cenário de estudo é Núcleo de Atenção Psicossocial I da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Santo André. Participaram deste estudo 11 (onze) trabalhadores, um de cada categoria profissional, de nível médio e superior. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos por meio de entrevista individual semi-estruturada e para a caracterização do cenário de estudo, o Instrumento de Captação da Realidade Objetiva, método proposto pela Teoria de Intervenção Práxica em Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. O material empírico foi analisado de acordo com a orientação de Minayo, baseada na hermenêutica-dialética. A análise dos dados deu origem às categorias: a) o CAPS III e a rede de atenção à saúde mental; b) Organização interna do CAPS III; c) as práticas em saúde mental no CAPS III e as diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira; d) os processos de trabalho no CAPS III. Os resultados indicam que, no plano descritivo, as práticas de saúde mental dos trabalhadores do CAPS III articulam-se às diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica. A análise dos elementos constitutivos dos processos de trabalho evidencia contradições. Pode-se constatar atitudes coerentes com o quadro teórico de referência adotado, o campo psicossocial, embora estas não se articulem a um projeto coletivo institucional, revelando práxis espontâneas e reiterativas. A consolidação da Reforma Psiquiátrica requer processos de trabalho que se traduzam em práxis criativas, capazes de produzir transformações concretas na vida dos usuários dos serviços. Identifica-se a necessidade de formação dos trabalhadores com relação ao projeto coletivo institucional, visando qualificar a força de trabalho dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, dada a função social destes equipamentos, considerados estratégicos na reorientação do modelo de atenção à saúde mental. O material empírico evidencia uma crise na organização do serviço, revelando o sofrimento dos trabalhadores e a precarização da assistência prestada aos usuários do serviço. É necessário que o serviço possa colocar-se em crise para que esta necessidade possa ser tomada pelo poder local, visando transformar essa realidade / The object of study of this qualitative research are practices of the workers of a Pshychosocial Attention Center III (CAPS III). The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the mental heath practices produced in the Pshychosocial Attention Center III, through a critical perspective, to cooperate with the consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. Objectives are: describe the mental heath practices of the workers of a CAPS III; verify if the mental health practices are related to the references of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and; analyze the processes of work developed by the workers of the CAPS III, in its constitutive elements, form a the perspective of the Pshychosocial Field. The scenery of this study is the Núcleo de Atenção Psicossocial I of the Health Department of Santo André. 11 (eleven) workers participated in the study; one form each professional category, medium level and higher education level workers. The empirical data were gathered through individual interviews with the workers and the characterization of the scenery of the study, according to the Method of Praxis Intervention of Nursing in Collective Heath. The empirical data are analyzed according to Minayo´s propose, based in dialectical-hermeneutic. The data provided the categories: a) CAPS III and the mental health care net; b) Internal organization of CAPS III; c) mental heath practices in CAPS III and the references of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform; d) processes of work in CAPS III. The results indicate that, in a descriptive view, the mental health practices of the workers of CAPS III, correspond to the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform´s references. The analyzes of processes of work demonstrate contradictions. It is possible to recognize attitudes according to the theoretical references, the Pshychosocial Field, even though these attitudes are not related to a collective project, revealing spontaneous and reiterative praxis. The consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform requires processes of work that constitutes creative praxis, capable to produce concrete transformation in user’s life. It is identified the need to develop the formation of the workers related to the collective project, aiming to qualify the work strength of the Pshychosocial Attention Center, considering the social function of this equipment, considered strategic in reorientation of the Mental Heath care model. The empirical data indicate crises in the internal organization of the service, revealing workers\' suffer and the loss on the quality of the assistance, which makes it necessary to the service to put its self in crises to be assumed by the local government instances