Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Summers, Juliette Webb. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also available online.

La mesure de performance est utilisée dans tous les systèmes informatiques pour garantir la meilleure performance pour le plus faible coût possible. L'établissement d'outils de mesures et de métriques a permis d'établir des bases de comparaison entre ordinateurs. Bien que le monde de la carte à puce ne fasse pas exception, les questions de sécurité occupent le devant de la scène pour celles-ci. Les efforts allant vers une plus grande ouverture des tests et de la mesure de performance restent discrets. Les travaux présentés ici ont pour objectif de proposer une méthode de mesure de la performance dans les plates-formes Java Card qui occupent une part considérable du marché de la carte à puce dans le monde d'aujourd'hui. Nous étudions en détails les efforts fournis par d'autres auteurs sur le sujet de la mesure de performance et en particulier la mesure de performance sur les cartes à puce. Un grand nombre de ces travaux restent embryonnaires ou ignorent certains aspects des mesures. Un des principaux défauts de ces travaux est le manque de rapport entre les mesures effectuées et les applications généralement utilisées dans les cartes à puce. Les cartes à puce ont par ailleurs des besoins importants en termes de sécurité. Ces besoins rendent les cartes difficiles à analyser. L'approche logique consiste à considérer les cartes à puce comme des boites noires. Après l'introduction de méthodologies de mesures de performance pour les cartes à puce, nous choisirons les outils et les caractéristiques des tests que nous voulons faire subir aux cartes, et nous analyserons la confiance à accorder aux données ainsi récoltées. Enfin une application originale des cartes à puce est proposée et permet de valider certains résultats obtenus.

Introduction. Executive function refers to the top-down neurocognitive processes involved in flexible, goal-oriented behavior. A number of studies have shown positive effects of EF training. The overall aim of these studies was to explore the neurocognitive processes that support the development of EF by understanding how EF training works and what the active ingredients are. Particular interest was in isolating the role of reflection in EF training to understand its top-down affect on ACC-mediated conflict detection. Method. In Exp. 1 the neural markers of EF were explored by comparing ERPs of preschoolers who passed the DCCS and preschoolers who failed. Exp. 2 represents an attempt to replicate the key findings of Kloo & Perner, (2003, Exp. 2) that reflection training improves preschoolers’ performance on the DCCS and demonstrates far transfer. A shortened version of the training protocol was also tested (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, the neural correlates of reflection training in preschoolers were explored by examining changes in the neural marker of EF found in Exp. 1. Results. In Exp. 1, the N2 amplitude was smaller (less negative) for children who passed the DCCS and were able to efficiently resolve the conflict in the stimuli than for children who failed and were unable to resolve the conflict. Exp. 2 replicated the findings of Kloo & Perner, (2003, Exp. 2) even using a brief (15 min) intervention targeting reflection (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, one brief session of reflection training made children who initially failed the DCCS look like children who initially passed at both the behavioral and neural level (reduced N2 amplitude). Conclusion. Results suggest that reflective processing facilitates the development of EF in young children by teaching them to notice conflict, reflect on it, and formulate rules for resolving it, resulting in the down-regulation of ACC-mediated conflict detection.

Introduction. Executive function refers to the top-down neurocognitive processes involved in flexible, goal-oriented behavior. A number of studies have shown positive effects of EF training. The overall aim of these studies was to explore the neurocognitive processes that support the development of EF by understanding how EF training works and what the active ingredients are. Particular interest was in isolating the role of reflection in EF training to understand its top-down affect on ACC-mediated conflict detection. Method. In Exp. 1 the neural markers of EF were explored by comparing ERPs of preschoolers who passed the DCCS and preschoolers who failed. Exp. 2 represents an attempt to replicate the key findings of Kloo & Perner, (2003, Exp. 2) that reflection training improves preschoolers’ performance on the DCCS and demonstrates far transfer. A shortened version of the training protocol was also tested (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, the neural correlates of reflection training in preschoolers were explored by examining changes in the neural marker of EF found in Exp. 1. Results. In Exp. 1, the N2 amplitude was smaller (less negative) for children who passed the DCCS and were able to efficiently resolve the conflict in the stimuli than for children who failed and were unable to resolve the conflict. Exp. 2 replicated the findings of Kloo & Perner, (2003, Exp. 2) even using a brief (15 min) intervention targeting reflection (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, one brief session of reflection training made children who initially failed the DCCS look like children who initially passed at both the behavioral and neural level (reduced N2 amplitude). Conclusion. Results suggest that reflective processing facilitates the development of EF in young children by teaching them to notice conflict, reflect on it, and formulate rules for resolving it, resulting in the down-regulation of ACC-mediated conflict detection.

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How consumers pay influences how they feel about a transaction. In particular, paying by card has been argued to have an effect on the perception of cost; making it less salient and painful. We propose and show that payment method also influences how consumers feel about the acquired good. Specifically we focus on effects of the payment method on psychological ownership, i.e. the perception of an object as "mine". We propose that cash payment results in stronger psychological ownership because it influences the extent of perceived investment in an object. We provide evidence for the proposed effect from field and laboratory settings. Results of a longitudinal exit-survey and an experiment show that cash payers report higher levels of immediate psychological ownership than card payers. However, this effect seems to depend on the meanings associated with a payment method. Asian students (who associate credit card payment with investment and debt) do not exhibit this effect. Moreover the initial boost in psychological ownership seems to be comparably shortlived. Whilst those paying in cash experience no further increase in psychological ownership over time, those paying by card do. (author's abstract)

Charge / Credit card market is very competitive in Taiwan which grew from nothing in 1989 to 44 Million cards by the end of 2004. With the brutal competition in this industry, issuers tend to lower their profit margin to trade for the higher market share. What is their ultimate objective? How they prioritize their business strategy and finance strategy in different competition stage? Understand the credit card market and prospect segmentation definitely play a big role for issuers to scope their target prospects then design the right product to fit their selected cardmembers’ needs. Compare the world leading card issuer Citibank with the largest issuer in Taiwan Chinatrust Commercial Bank, what make the world’s largest issuer can not be the number one in Taiwan? What is the impact on different business strategy and financial strategy? How regulator should react to proper discipline the over-heated credit card market? From financial analytical method perspective, what should be the right measurement to be used in the credit card market? ROI, NPV or RORC? In this thesis, I also cover the discussion between “Niche Market but High Margin Approach” and the “Mass Market but Low Margin Approach” together with the importance of the organizational impact. To provide a insight on the different strategy to be used in the different business developed stage. With all the above, I put together the conclusion and suggestion of my own to the Charge / Credit Card business.

Public transportation policy plays a significant role in facilitating ridership as well as travel modes, economic activities, and environmental aspects. Seoul has experienced rapid urbanization. Also, high density developments and uncontrolled land use gave rise to extensive urban sprawl in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA). Due to increased use of private vehicles, which created serious traffic congestion, the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) has reformed public transportation policies-introduced bus transportation reform (BTR) in 2004 and reformed fare and ticketing structures in 2009. This research focuses on the relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and commuting patterns by applying smart card data that includes individual travel behaviors during commuting periods. Among regression results, average commuting times are significantly associated with the proportion of population with lower levels of education and the number of public transit stations. These results appear to support the idea that the lower educated people in each district tend to have longer commuting times. Also, the greater availability of public transit stations contributes to shorter commuting times. Finally, analyzing commuting times seems to be important for determining demographic movement as well as locational advantages in certain regions of Seoul based on public transportation policies.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript. Sponsor: Karl W. Bigelow. Dissertation Committee: Ethel M. Feagley, Maurice F. Tauber. Type C project. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-237).

ID-theft survival kit -- Book From victim to victor -- ID theft FAQ -- Audiocassettes -- Identity theft resources -- Testimonials -- ID theft action letters -- About the author -- Media appearances -- Identity theft laws -- Theft Deterrence Act. / Title from opening screen, December 28, 1999.