The diploma thesis "Innovation in Commerce" provides an analysis of the development and usage of up-to-day innovative technologies in trade sphere both in our country and abroad. It maps their forms and scope of usage in selected trade units, primarily focusing on modern payment instruments and self-service cash desks and, further on, also from the point of view of their development and usage in the nearest future. The thesis gives an independent solution of using up-to-date payment instruments and self-service cash desks depending on the customer´s age as well as payment forms (cash, non-cash) from z point of view of differences between "rural" and urban population. The thesis includes a proposal for the implementation of two arising up-to-date technologies - self-scanning and iBeacon technology in the Terno Supermarket in České Budějovce.

Die europäische Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie enthält ein detailliertes Haftungsregime für Drittmissbrauch im bargeldlosen Zahlungsverkehr, das von den Mitgliedstaaten bis Ende Oktober 2009 in nationales Recht umzusetzen war. Ziel der harmonisierten Haftungsregelungen ist die Verbesserung von Wettbewerbsfreiheit, Rechtssicherheit und Verbraucherschutz sowie die Minderung von Missbrauch. Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung zeigt jedoch, dass die Haftungsordnung diesen Zielvorgaben nicht konsequent folgt und zudem von fundamentalen Grundsätzen des europäischen Haftungsrechts abweicht. / The European Payments Services Directive contains detailed liability regulations concerning the abuse of non cash payments. The deadline of transposal for this Directive passed in October 2009. The key aims of the harmonized liability rules are amendment of competition, legal certainty, consumer protection and future reduction of abuse. However, a comparative analysis reveals a considerable lack of consistency in relation to those goals and a renunciation of basic principles of European liability law.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена характеристике расчетно-кассового обслуживания клиентов в коммерческих банках, включающее в себя открытие и ведение банковских счетов юридических и физических лиц, является для банков очень важным видом деятельности. Расчетно-кассовое обслуживание в совокупности с проведением операций по привлечению денежных средств физических и юридических лиц во вклады и размещением этих средств от имени и за счет банка является классической банковской операцией. / Final qualification work (master thesis) is devoted to the cash management customer service in commercial banks, including opening and maintaining Bank accounts of legal and natural persons to banks is a very important activity. Cash management services in conjunction with the operations on attraction of funds of physical and legal persons into deposits and placement of these funds on behalf of and for the account of the Bank is a classic Bank transaction.

The aim of my diploma work is to indicate the problems of cash and noncash payments. I aimed at the comparison of various types of payment instruments and domestic and foreign payment systems. I compare their advantages and disadvantages from the view of the bank and especially from the view of the corporate client. Concrete examples and recommendations are described in the part of the diploma work named Assessment of payment instruments in selected banks. I compare them among three banks - Volksbank CZ, a. s., Oberbank AG Czech Republic and Raiffeisenbank a. s.. In the diploma work I also describe actual trends and new possibilities of using payment cards and direct banking.

Text in Afrikaans / Die primere doelstelling met hierdie studie was om 'n kritiese beskouing van die staat van kontantvloei-inligting (hierna genoem die staat) as element van finansiele verslagdoening te verskaf met die oog op die identifisering van moontlike leemtes, tekortkominge en nut wat die gebruikers van die staat ondervind. Die studie dui daarop dat alhoewel daar 'n aantal leemtes en tekortkominge in die huidige staat is, daar wei 'n behoefte aan die kant van die gebruiker na 'n staat van kontantvloei-inligting as deel van die finansiele state bestaan. Die waarde van sodanige staat is deurgaans in die literatuurstudie sowel as met die empiriese studie beklemtoon. Dit het ook in die studie na vore gekom dat die staat vir gebruikers van groot waarde is in die evaluering van solvensie en risiko in bepaalde ondernemings. Die gebruikswaarde van die staat maak dit dringend noodsaaklik dat daar onverwyld aandag aan die leemtes geskenk moet word. Verskeie aanbevelings vir 'n verbeterde staat van kontantvloei-inligting word dan ook in hierdie studie gemaak en dit sluit 'n moontlike model in. 'n Aantal aanbevelings rondom die praktiese aspekte van die gebruik van die staat word ook gemaak, omdat dit die potensiaal het om 'n onmisbare hulpmiddel vir die gebruiker te word. / The prime objective of this study was to take a critical look at the cash flow information statement (hereinafter named the statement) as an element of financial reporting. It was based on the experience of the users in view of identifying possible gaps, shortcomings and benefits. The study suggests that a definite need occurs from the users side for cash flow information as part of the financial statements. It was also evident from the study that the statement is a very important tool for the evaluation of solvency and risk. The usability of the statement necessitates that attention be given to the gaps. Several recommendations, including a possible model were made for an improvement in the statement. A number of recommendations were also made regarding practical aspects for the use of the statement, since it has the potential to be an indispensable tool for users. / Financial Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)

Text in Afrikaans / Die primere doelstelling met hierdie studie was om 'n kritiese beskouing van die staat van kontantvloei-inligting (hierna genoem die staat) as element van finansiele verslagdoening te verskaf met die oog op die identifisering van moontlike leemtes, tekortkominge en nut wat die gebruikers van die staat ondervind. Die studie dui daarop dat alhoewel daar 'n aantal leemtes en tekortkominge in die huidige staat is, daar wei 'n behoefte aan die kant van die gebruiker na 'n staat van kontantvloei-inligting as deel van die finansiele state bestaan. Die waarde van sodanige staat is deurgaans in die literatuurstudie sowel as met die empiriese studie beklemtoon. Dit het ook in die studie na vore gekom dat die staat vir gebruikers van groot waarde is in die evaluering van solvensie en risiko in bepaalde ondernemings. Die gebruikswaarde van die staat maak dit dringend noodsaaklik dat daar onverwyld aandag aan die leemtes geskenk moet word. Verskeie aanbevelings vir 'n verbeterde staat van kontantvloei-inligting word dan ook in hierdie studie gemaak en dit sluit 'n moontlike model in. 'n Aantal aanbevelings rondom die praktiese aspekte van die gebruik van die staat word ook gemaak, omdat dit die potensiaal het om 'n onmisbare hulpmiddel vir die gebruiker te word. / The prime objective of this study was to take a critical look at the cash flow information statement (hereinafter named the statement) as an element of financial reporting. It was based on the experience of the users in view of identifying possible gaps, shortcomings and benefits. The study suggests that a definite need occurs from the users side for cash flow information as part of the financial statements. It was also evident from the study that the statement is a very important tool for the evaluation of solvency and risk. The usability of the statement necessitates that attention be given to the gaps. Several recommendations, including a possible model were made for an improvement in the statement. A number of recommendations were also made regarding practical aspects for the use of the statement, since it has the potential to be an indispensable tool for users. / Financial Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)