FROTA JUNIOR, José Itamar. Divergência genética entre progênies de meios-irmãos de cajueiro anão precoce. 2012. 106 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Tecnologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T13:27:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_jifrotajunior.pdf: 7557129 bytes, checksum: 6c9f0d978e3d8d53df85c9c6cfa07a24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T13:29:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_jifrotajunior.pdf: 7557129 bytes, checksum: 6c9f0d978e3d8d53df85c9c6cfa07a24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T13:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_jifrotajunior.pdf: 7557129 bytes, checksum: 6c9f0d978e3d8d53df85c9c6cfa07a24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The present work was developed in order to characterize and evaluate the genetic diversity of dwarf cashew progenies from Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical using molecular and morphological markers as well as the indication of divergent materials to the breeding program. It was used 50 dwarf cashew progenies from Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical collection located in the Experimental Center of Pacajus, Ceará. In the molecular analysis, each progeny was sampled by collecting leaves from two plants per plot and then analyzed at Embrapa´s molecular biology lab. It was performed DNA´s extractions based on CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) method, adapted by Cavalcanti (2004). ISSR´s markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) were used. Jaccard´s coefficient and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis were applied in the group analysis. Cluster analysis allowed the division into fourteen groups of genetic similarity being the most divergent progenies CNPAT 92-56, 92-62 and 92-385, and the most similar ones CNPAT 92-331 and 92-335. Variables such as plant height, diameter, number of nuts and production, were used in the quantitative analysis. Euclidian distance was used in the genetic distance analysis. UPGMA method were used in cluster analysis. The variable with highest relative contribution to genetic divergence was production, with 97,80%. The UPGMA cluster analysis allowed the division into eleven groups. The most divergent material was CNPAT 92-331 coming from Capisa farm in Piauí state. The most similar materials formed the subgroup I of group I, CNPAT 92-54 and 92-58 with 95% similarity. There is genetic variability, however no direct relationship between molecular and quantitative analysis was found / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar e avaliar a diversidade genética de progênies de meios-irmãos de cajueiro anão precoce da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical por meio de marcadores moleculares e morfológicos, assim como, a indicação dos materiais divergentes para o programa de melhoramento genético. Foram utilizadas 50 progênies instaladas no Campo Experimental de Pacajus, CE. Na análise molecular, cada progênie foi amostrada coletando-se folhas de duas plantas/parcela e analisadas no laboratório de Biologia Molecular da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical. Foram realizadas extrações de DNA baseadas no método CTAB (brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio) ajustado por Cavalcanti (2004) e utilizados marcadores do tipo ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat). Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Jaccard e análise de agrupamento UPGMA (Método de Média Aritmética Não Ponderada) para análise dos grupos. Doze iniciadores ISSR geraram 71 bandas das quais 27 foram polimórficas. A análise de agrupamento permitiu a divisão em quatorze grupos de similaridade genética, onde as progênies mais divergentes foram CNPAT 92-56, CNPAT 92- 62 e CNPAT 92-385 e as mais similares foram CNPAT 92-331 e CNPAT 92-335. Na análise quantitativa foram utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: altura da planta, diâmetro da copa, número de castanhas e produção. Foi utilizada a Distância Euclidiana para análise da distância genética e UPGMA para a análise de agrupamento. A produção foi a variável que obteve maior contribuição relativa para a divergência genética com 97,80%. A análise de agrupamento UPGMA possibilitou a distribuição de 11 grupos. O material mais divergente foi o CNPAT 92-331 oriundo da Fazenda Capisa (Piauí). Os mais similares formaram o subgrupo I do grupo I, CNPAT 92-54 e CNPAT 92-58 com 95% de similaridade. Há variabilidade genética, no entanto não foram encontradas relações diretas entre a análise molecular e a quantitativa

Reconfigurable hardware architectures have been available now for several years. Yet the application development for such architectures is still a challenging and error-prone task, since the methods, languages, and tools being used for development are inappropriate to handle the complexity of the problem. This thesis introduces a novel approach that tackles the complexity challenge by raising the level of abstraction to system-level and increasing the degree of automation. The approach is centered around the paradigms of object-orientation, platforms, and modeling. An application and all platforms being used for its design, implementation, and deployment are modeled with objects using UML and an action language. The application model is then transformed into an implementation, whereby the transformation is steered by the platform models. In this thesis solutions for the relevant problems behind this approach are discussed. It is shown how UML can be used for complete and precise modeling of applications and platforms. Application development is done at the system-level using a set of well-defined, orthogonal platform models. Thereby the core features of object-orientation - data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism - are fully supported. Novel algorithms are presented, that allow for an automatic mapping of such application models to the target architecture. Thereby the problems of platform mapping, estimation of implementation characteristics, and synthesis of UML models are discussed. The thesis explores the utilization of platform models for generation of highly optimized implementations in an automatic yet adaptable way. The approach is evaluated by a number of relevant applications. The execution of the generated implementations is supported by a run-time service. This service manages the hardware configurations and objects comprising the application. Moreover, it serves as broker for hardware objects. The efficient management of configurations and objects at run-time is discussed and optimized life cycles for these entities are proposed. Mechanisms are presented that make the approach portable among different physical hardware architectures. Further, this thesis presents UML profiles and example platforms that support system-level design. These extensions are embodied in a novel type of model compiler. The compiler is accompanied by an implementation of the run-time service. Both have been used to evaluate and improve the presented concepts and algorithms.

Reconfigurable hardware architectures have been available now for several years. Yet the application development for such architectures is still a challenging and error-prone task, since the methods, languages, and tools being used for development are inappropriate to handle the complexity of the problem. This thesis introduces a novel approach that tackles the complexity challenge by raising the level of abstraction to system-level and increasing the degree of automation. The approach is centered around the paradigms of object-orientation, platforms, and modeling. An application and all platforms being used for its design, implementation, and deployment are modeled with objects using UML and an action language. The application model is then transformed into an implementation, whereby the transformation is steered by the platform models. In this thesis solutions for the relevant problems behind this approach are discussed. It is shown how UML can be used for complete and precise modeling of applications and platforms. Application development is done at the system-level using a set of well-defined, orthogonal platform models. Thereby the core features of object-orientation - data abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism - are fully supported. Novel algorithms are presented, that allow for an automatic mapping of such application models to the target architecture. Thereby the problems of platform mapping, estimation of implementation characteristics, and synthesis of UML models are discussed. The thesis explores the utilization of platform models for generation of highly optimized implementations in an automatic yet adaptable way. The approach is evaluated by a number of relevant applications. The execution of the generated implementations is supported by a run-time service. This service manages the hardware configurations and objects comprising the application. Moreover, it serves as broker for hardware objects. The efficient management of configurations and objects at run-time is discussed and optimized life cycles for these entities are proposed. Mechanisms are presented that make the approach portable among different physical hardware architectures. Further, this thesis presents UML profiles and example platforms that support system-level design. These extensions are embodied in a novel type of model compiler. The compiler is accompanied by an implementation of the run-time service. Both have been used to evaluate and improve the presented concepts and algorithms.