<p>Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka skillnader som finns i analysen av CBRN-skyddsförmågan i BG08 och BG11. För att kunna genomföra undersökningen har det varit nödvändigt att beskriva hur EU Battle Group konceptet har tillkommit samt vad konceptet innebär. Följande frågeställningar har legat till grund för studien: Vilka förändringar har gjorts i analysen av CBRN-funktionen i BG08 och BG11? Om det finns några förändringar, hur förklarar man och förstår dessa förändringar? Utifrån de rådande politiska ingångsvärdena för de två styrkorna har viss diskrepans, dock liten, identifierats. Den största skillnaden ligger i vilken nation som skall bidra med förmågan. Den här skillnaden påverkar dock inte nämnvärt de framtagna CBRN-skyddskoncepten. Däremot har det under undersökningens gång framkommit att det hos en del befattningshavare inom Försvarsmakten funnits en önskan om att vidareutveckla CBRN-skyddskonceptet på ett antal punkter till BG11. Då arbetet med BG08 tog form fanns det stöd i HKV att tillgå på strategisk/operativ nivå, vilket saknades under arbetet med BG11. Utifrån den genomförda undersökningen i denna studie framstår detta stöd som relevant för att kunna utveckla det här konceptet på ett adekvat sätt. Författaren har under arbetes gång konstaterat att det torde bli en förändring i den reella förmågan som levererades av Finland till BG08 mot den reella förmåga Norge kommer att besitta i BG11. Det här har inte diskuterats under framtagandet av de två koncepten utan argumentationen har endast baserats på de politiska ingångsvärdena samt hotbilden för EU Battle Group.</p> / <p>The purpose of this paper has been to examine the differences in the analysis of CBRN protection capability of the BG08 and BG11. A secondary purpose to carry out this analysis was to describe the EU Battle Group concept, its development and meaning. The following issues formed the basis for the paper: What changes have been made in the analysis of CBRN branch in BG08 and BG11? If there are any changes, how do we explain and understand these changes? Given the current political input values for the two forces only minor discrepancies could be identified. The main difference is due to the nation responsible for CBRN capacity. This difference, however, does not seriously affect the developed CBRN protection-concepts. However, during the investigation it has emerged that some executives within the Armed Forces desire to develop some points of the CBRN protection-concept in reference to the BG11. When BG08 formed itself there was available support in HKV in strategic/operational level, which was missing in the workflow to BG11. Based on the findings of this paper this support seems relevant to develop the concept adequately. In the course of working on the paper the author has discovered a most likely change in the real capability delivered by Finland to the BG08, and the real ability that Norway will possess in BG11. The development process of the two concepts has not included an analysis of the ultimate ability. Instead is has been based on the input values and political threat for the EU Battle Group.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilka skillnader som finns i analysen av CBRN-skyddsförmågan i BG08 och BG11. För att kunna genomföra undersökningen har det varit nödvändigt att beskriva hur EU Battle Group konceptet har tillkommit samt vad konceptet innebär. Följande frågeställningar har legat till grund för studien: Vilka förändringar har gjorts i analysen av CBRN-funktionen i BG08 och BG11? Om det finns några förändringar, hur förklarar man och förstår dessa förändringar? Utifrån de rådande politiska ingångsvärdena för de två styrkorna har viss diskrepans, dock liten, identifierats. Den största skillnaden ligger i vilken nation som skall bidra med förmågan. Den här skillnaden påverkar dock inte nämnvärt de framtagna CBRN-skyddskoncepten. Däremot har det under undersökningens gång framkommit att det hos en del befattningshavare inom Försvarsmakten funnits en önskan om att vidareutveckla CBRN-skyddskonceptet på ett antal punkter till BG11. Då arbetet med BG08 tog form fanns det stöd i HKV att tillgå på strategisk/operativ nivå, vilket saknades under arbetet med BG11. Utifrån den genomförda undersökningen i denna studie framstår detta stöd som relevant för att kunna utveckla det här konceptet på ett adekvat sätt. Författaren har under arbetes gång konstaterat att det torde bli en förändring i den reella förmågan som levererades av Finland till BG08 mot den reella förmåga Norge kommer att besitta i BG11. Det här har inte diskuterats under framtagandet av de två koncepten utan argumentationen har endast baserats på de politiska ingångsvärdena samt hotbilden för EU Battle Group. / The purpose of this paper has been to examine the differences in the analysis of CBRN protection capability of the BG08 and BG11. A secondary purpose to carry out this analysis was to describe the EU Battle Group concept, its development and meaning. The following issues formed the basis for the paper: What changes have been made in the analysis of CBRN branch in BG08 and BG11? If there are any changes, how do we explain and understand these changes? Given the current political input values for the two forces only minor discrepancies could be identified. The main difference is due to the nation responsible for CBRN capacity. This difference, however, does not seriously affect the developed CBRN protection-concepts. However, during the investigation it has emerged that some executives within the Armed Forces desire to develop some points of the CBRN protection-concept in reference to the BG11. When BG08 formed itself there was available support in HKV in strategic/operational level, which was missing in the workflow to BG11. Based on the findings of this paper this support seems relevant to develop the concept adequately. In the course of working on the paper the author has discovered a most likely change in the real capability delivered by Finland to the BG08, and the real ability that Norway will possess in BG11. The development process of the two concepts has not included an analysis of the ultimate ability. Instead is has been based on the input values and political threat for the EU Battle Group.

No description available.

The thesis is focused on the issue of terrorist attacks using chosen CBRN agents. It primarily deals with the readiness of the basic compounds of the integrated rescue system (IZS) in South Bohemian region on these situations. This thesis is focused on the assessment of the readiness of the compounds of the IZS against terrorist CBRN agents abuse. The first part of the thesis marginally deals with the philosophy of terrorism and the chosen terrorist organizations, which are substantially identified in the modern history of mankind. Terrorist organizations are divided according to continents from East to West. In the thesis there are not included terrorist organizations of Africa and South America. The next part of the thesis deals with selected CBRN agents, which I chose on the basis of their effectivity and the relative availability for terrorist organizations and also it is focused on the basic effects on the human organism. In the last part the principle of dispersion of single agents is included. In the research part of the thesis I deal with readiness of the basic compounds of the IZS in the South Bohemia region on terrorist attack using CBRN agents. For the realization of the research I chose the method of questionnaire research. I created a different questionnaire for each of the basic compounds of IZS with specifically selected questions, relating to the area of their competence in the incident with CBRN agents. The questions were drawn up according to competences set in Katalogový soubor typových činností při společném zásahu složek IZS. For their evaluation, I set a percentage limit for the each compound, to correspond with their scale of work and responsibilities made on the place of incident with the appearance of CBRN agents. Another factor of the classification was focused on the level of individual protection against CBRN agents at Hasičský záchranný sbor Jihočeského kraje, Policie České republiky v Jihočeském kraji a Zdravotnická záchranná služba Jihočeského kraje. On the basis of these criteria I have decided to answer the research question. In the next part of the chapter of discussion I have focused on the results of the questionnaires when I took every basic compound of the IZS, which has been investigated, and chose three of the most problematic questions from every questionnaire and I tried to explain the cause of nonsuccess with warranty of correct answer. In the relation on unsatisfactory negative result of the research, I have made a SWOT analyze of basic compounds of IZS, focused on readiness against CBRN agents. With the SWOT analyze, I have specified the strategy for next improvements. The last part of the chapter is devoted to solution of this problem, where I made a scenario of the common exercises for all compounds of IZS. The topic of exercises is focused on terrorist attack with using of the CBRN agents in Dopravně obchodním centru Mercury v Českých Budějovicích. The basic specification of the exercise is synchronized attack with dispersion of nerve gas sarin, placed on the bus station and improvised explosive device used in combination with the ionizating radiation source. At the end of the thesis I have focused on recapitulation of the results and made some recomended methods for improvement of actual status.

Since 9/11, little statistical rigor has been placed on identifying the correlates of hospital preparedness. This quantitative study explores the research question: Is there a correlation between the employment of a designated hospital preparedness coordinator and the reported level of preparedness for: (a) general preparedness; (b) chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events; (c) pandemic disease outbreaks; (d) mass casualty events; and (e) internal infrastructure failure, as assessed by an online survey. Alternative analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between access to resources and the 5 dependent variables. Using complexity theory as the theoretical framework, point biserial correlation and Pearson's method were used to assess the relations between the dependent and independent variables. Initially, no statistically significant correlative relationship was found using point biserial analysis. However, further analysis found that the correlation between full-time employment of a preparedness coordinator and pandemic preparedness reached significance. Point biserial analysis of the alternative research questions found statistically significant correlations between access to preparedness resources, CBRN, pandemic, and infrastructure failure preparedness. Pearson analysis found a statistically significant correlation between single facility coordinator responsibilities and pandemic preparedness. This identifies at least 2 significant correlates of hospital preparedness. Positive social change can be achieved by identifying strategies that leverage these assets in a fiscally sustainable constructs that maximize hospitals' ability to effectively serve the community in disasters but that do not so heavily rely on government funding and grants in a world of ever-changing priorities.

Totalförsvarstes forskningsinstitut, FOI, och Riksrevisionen har i flera rapporter beskrivit Försvarsmaktens roll i det svenska krishanteringssystemet som otydlig. Uppsatsen syfte är att undersöka vilka dokument som styr Försvarsmakten då CBRN-händelser inträffar i det svenska samhället samt hur dessa dokument påverkar den civil-militära samverkan. Dokumenten har analyserats utifrån en teori om organisationers gränser och anknutits till en verklig CBRN-händelse (branden i Halmstads hamn hösten 2012). Genom analysen har slutsats dragits att teorin om organisationers gränser kan användas för analys av civil-militär samverkan vid krishantering i allmänhet. Specifika händelser som inkluderar CBRN bör ses som del av en helhet och inte som ett enskilt fall. Förutsättningar för civil-militär samverkan vid CBRN-händelser finns och området är under utveckling.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of preparedness of the Czech Republic for terrorist attack using radioactive material or source of ionizing radiation. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a basic introduction to the issue of terrorism, with a special emphasis on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism, it describes the individual types of radiological weapons and represents the categorization of sources of ionizing radiation according to the International Atomic Energy Agency, together with radionuclides identified as potentially risky for terrorist abuse. The analysis in the research part was divided into several parts. It focuses independently on documentation that is being prepared in this area, on the exercise of the crisis management bodies and integrated rescue system units, which took place in several regions of Czech Republic, and on events related to the unauthorized use of radioactive material or sources of ionizing radiation. The last part of the research part is interviews with experts working in the field of preparedness of the Czech Republic for the risk of radiological terrorism. The purpose of the thesis was to collect information on how the Czech Republic is preparing for the risk of radiological terrorism and their subsequent evaluation through qualitative analysis. The results of this analysis show that Czech Republic is preparing for the risk of radiological terrorism in a way, that corresponds to the real risk. Conceptual and methodical materials are being elaborated in the subject area and exercises are carried out, which are attended both by the crisis management bodies and the integrated rescue system component. The technical and material equipment necessary for dealing with extraordinary event, that would arise due to radiological terrorism, is at perfect level. However, greater attention could be paid to the risk of abuse of the sources of ionizing radiation in the form of a radiological weapon of the RED kind (hidden emitter).

This work focuses on finding state of preparedness of hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region in the case of a direct threat to the Pardubice Regional Hospital, Inc. (hereinafter "PRH") by chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear agents (hereinafter referred to as "CBRN"). The thesis is based on a comparison between the trauma plans that have been established as an indicator of a preparedness of hospitals in case of mass disaster and the legal standard, i.e. Decree No. 101 of 2012 Sb. dealing with the details of the content of trauma plan of the one-day or inpatient medical care and process for its preparation and negotiation, as amended (hereinafter the "Decree 101 of 2012"). The theoretical work describes the applicable laws governing the conditions for the provision of health care, trauma plan content and procedures of the Emergency Service (ES) components in preparation for dealing with emergencies. The next part discusses the characteristics of CBRN agents. Furthermore, the work focuses on defining terrorism and CBRN terrorism. The chapter also includes a brief historical summary of the use of CBRN agents and their threats. The following section describes the Security System of the Czech Republic and its elements. It is crucial to mention its existence in relation to the prevention of emergencies and crisis situations and elimination of their consequences. This part also introduces a selection of documents, which have a direct relationship to the security policy of the country and to this thesis. It may be noted that most of these documents have been prepared, inter alia, on the basis of current CBRN threats. The penultimate section characterizes individual hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region and includes also a risk analysis of this region. The analysis is based on the Emergency Plan of Pardubice region. I believe that the knowledge of the possible threats pointed out in the risk analysis is important in a preparation for an emergency response in the relation to an emergency medical care. Analysis of risks and threats, based on the Decree 101 of 2012, is also a part of the trauma hospital plans. The last part of the thesis describes the different types of trauma plans and certain procedures in the process of an activation of these plans. Even though, the theme of the work is focused more on trauma plans of hospitals, in cooperation with ambulance services and regional authorities in addressing the consequences of emergencies, I find it important to pay attention to a trauma plan for emergency medical services, and also the one, which is part of the emergency plan of the region. Based on the practical experience it was decided the readiness of hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region in case of a threat PRH is sufficient. Subsequently, a relative comparison of interdependence trauma plans was performed in selected hospitals to evaluate their index of readiness by means of comparative analysis. The overall index IPi scales the state of preparedness of the hospitals. The input parameter?s values for the index evaluation were determined based on the contents of the trauma plans. The concluding chapter presents the results evaluated by the described method. This uncovered that the degree of readiness of the examined hospitals, based on the mentioned parameters, was insufficient in three cases. Only Chrudimska Hospital, Inc. achieved satisfactory results. Based on these results, the specific measures were recommended to be taken the level of preparedness of the hospitals. The findings and the results of this thesis are mainly practical. The most important benefit of this work is the suggested measures for the activation of trauma plans for hospitals with acute inpatient care in the Pardubice region.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The rapidly growing threat to civilian populations from different terrorist organizations and nuclear states involved in regional conflicts require new unorthodox solutions. The purpose of this work is to analyze steps that have been taken on the European continent before and after September 11 in order to create a new, more efficient system of protection of the civilian population against CBRN terrorist attacks, and to explore NATO's role in the most problematic issues. The research examines what was done within NATO since 1998 by members of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in the field of improving population protection against the consequences of CBRN terrorist attacks in two dimensions: national and international. This evaluation leads to the argument that supports the importance of the creation of an international system of mutual assistance in case of CBRN terrorist attacks under NATO's leading role. / Lieutenant Colonel, Ministry for Emergencies of Ukraine

Aujourd'hui, l'évaluation des conséquences environnementales et sanitaires d'événements majeurs liés aux rejets dans l'atmosphère de substances radiologiques ou chimiques est, de plus en plus, basée sur la mise en œuvre d'outils de modélisation. La capacité de ces outils à appréhender de manière toujours plus fine l'ampleur spatiale et temporelle de ce type d'événements contribue à leur positionnement croissant en appui aux situations d'urgence. Cependant, l'accident de Fukushima a souligné qu'en dépit de cette tendance, l'apport des outils n'est pas encore optimal au regard de l'environnement décisionnel de l'organisation de sécurité civile en charge, notamment, des décisions de protection des populations. Cette recherche s'attèle donc, sur la base d'interviews et d'observations d'exercices de crise, à clarifier la place des outils de modélisation en situation d'urgence. L'étude suggère qu'à ce jour, la gestion de ces situations prend place dans un processus de co-construction de sens entre acteurs d'expertise NRBC-E et décideurs, favorisant l'atteinte de consensus en matière de prise de décision. L'étude met également en lumière l'importance que joue le COD, de par sa structure même, comme lieu d'échange entre acteurs aux expertises et expériences complémentaires, dans la perception et la gestion des changements de contexte. Ainsi, nous suggérons qu'en se positionnant au niveau de l'évaluation de la situation, les outils de modélisation fournissent une information qui respecte les pratiques actuelles dans l'aide à la décision en situation d'urgence et le respect des rôles et expertises de chaque acteur. Dans cette optique, les modèles de dispersion et d'impact sont donc susceptibles de s'intégrer au développement plus global d'outils d'aide à la gestion des crises auprès de l'organisation de sécurité civile, principalement comme soutien à la construction d'une représentation collective et dynamique de la situation entre expert et décideur. / Environmental and health impact assessment of accidental or intentional releases of potentially hazardous materials in the atmosphere is increasingly supported by the development of modeling tools. Their potential to assess the spatial and temporal extent and severity of toxic plumes contributes to their growing development as CBRN-E emergency support tools. However, the Fukushima nuclear accident underlined that their support is not yet optimal regarding civil security organizations in charge of population protection. This research therefore tends to clarify the role of these modelling tools in emergency management. For this purpose, interviews and observations of crisis exercises have been conducted. This study suggests that nowadays, CBRN-E emergency management takes place in a sensemaking co-constructing process between CBRN-E experts and emergency managers contributing to the achievement of consensus in the decision making process. This study also highlights the key role played by the crisis center, regarding its proper organizational structure as a sharing place between actors with complementary expertise and experience, in the perception and response to changing circumstances. Thus, this study suggests that by providing situation assessment results, modeling tools meet the current practices both in terms of emergency support tools used for civilian protection organization and in respect of each actors' contributions. In this perspective, these modelling tools are likely to end up being part of the development of crisis management support tools for building a collective representation of the CBRN-E situation between expertise and decision.