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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

When East meets West : change in cultural values about education and learning from Chinese immigrant mothers

Liang, Angel Soo-Zoon 28 April 2015 (has links)
Being an immigrant mother poses a unique challenge to the parenting experience because she is removed physically from her original cultural setting. In this novel situation the mother must balance her own parents' parenting values with the set of belief systems present in the new culture. This study identifies the unique ways and critical features of bi-cultural parenting decisions that the Chinese immigrant parents have come to make. Fifteen Chinese immigrant mothers participated in this study. Each participant completed a background information survey prior to the interview. Qualitative methodology was used to gather and to analyze the data. Descriptive quantitative statistics were used to organize the data. A substantive theory of accommodation of bi-cultural childrearing practices was generated that revolved around the three psychological processes of deviation, accommodation, and balance of views about education and learning. Four bi-cultural parenting strategies were identified that immigrant parents used: comparison process, opportunity education, child-inspired education, and the education of love. Specifically in order for the balance in their bi-cultural childrearing decisions and parental satisfaction to occur, the immigrant mothers had to deviate from the perceived negative cultural values and accommodate to the perceived positive cultural belief of both home and host countries. This research not only fulfills the need for empirical research on the role of acculturation in changing and modifying the central values of a cultural group, but also broadens the area of migration by examining in depth the change of cultural values in the context of migration. By using familial level of analysis (i.e., by using the memory of the parents as a factor contributing to the outcomes of parenting beliefs and practices), the continuity of vertical transmission of value congruence from parents to children in the context of dual cultures is achieved. Furthermore, this study explores value congruence between parents and offspring by taking not one, but two, cultures into account. / text
22

Pedagogy and Parenting in English Drama, 1560-1610: Flogging Schoolmasters and Cockering Mothers

Potter, Ursula Ann January 2001 (has links)
In this thesis I examine the representation of parents and schoolmasters and the conflicts between them in vernacular drama in Reformation England. This was a period of growth in public schooling and a time when numerous treatises on education and childrearing were in circulation in England. Prevailing pedagogical theory privileged the schoolmaster's authority over that of the parents, and set paternal authority over that of the mother. It sought to limit maternal power to the domestic sphere and the infant years, yet the drama examined here suggests that mothers, not fathers, were usually the parent in control of their children's education. The conflicts inherent in these oppositions are played out in drama dealing with schooling and childrearing; each of the works examined here participates in and contributes to public debate over school education and parenting practices in early modern England. The thesis conducts a close textual and contextual analysis of the representation of schoolmasters and parents and of parent-school relations in seven English plays. A variety of dramatic genres is represented: public drama (Love's Labour's Lost, Patient Grissill, The Winter's Tale), school drama (Nice Wanton, July and Julian, The Disobedient Child), and private royal entertainment (The Lady of May). The plays are explicated in terms of the Tudor school culture and the negotiation of authority between fathers, mothers and schoolmasters. The thesis draws extensively on sixteenth-century school dialogues and vulgaria and on education treatises, which were available in English in Tudor England, in particular the writings of Erasmus, Vives, Ascham, Mulcaster, Elyot, Brinsley and Becon. School records provide information on school conditions and curricula, the duties and qualities of schoolmasters and the role of schools in civic and public performances. The thesis addresses issues of gender, childrearing, public education and parental and pedagogical authority in the second half of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
23

Práticas educativas maternas e problemas internalizantes em pré-escolares

Lins, Taiane Costa de Souza 16 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-21T18:11:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Taiane Lins.pdf: 1221507 bytes, checksum: 3da7afa2c7a51540ad72a1fbbad55011 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2014-02-03T13:41:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Taiane Lins.pdf: 1221507 bytes, checksum: 3da7afa2c7a51540ad72a1fbbad55011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-03T13:41:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Taiane Lins.pdf: 1221507 bytes, checksum: 3da7afa2c7a51540ad72a1fbbad55011 (MD5) / CAPES / O controle psicológico envolve o uso de práticas educativas parentais como a superproteção, o envolvimento excessivo e o uso constante de críticas e insultos. Esse tipo controle tem sido destacado na literatura internacional como um dos preditores dos problemas internalizantes, por restringir as possibilidades de desenvolvimento da autonomia e de um repertório socialmente adequado na criança, que, em consequência desse tipo de prática, percebe-se como menos competente para a exploração do seu ambiente e para enfrentar situações novas. O presente estudo verificou as relações entre o controle psicológico (controle crítico e superproteção) e os problemas internalizantes em pré-escolares, assim como as relações entre o suporte apropriado e os problemas internalizantes em pré-escolares. Participaram deste estudo 103 mães cujos filhos, de ambos os sexos, tinham idade entre três e cinco anos. As mães foram convidadas a participar do estudo em sete escolas particulares de Salvador, nas quais as mensalidades variaram entre R$ 75,00 e R$ 220,00. Durante as entrevistas, previamente agendadas nas escolas dos filhos, as mães responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, ao Inventário dos Comportamentos de Crianças entre 1½ e 5 anos (CBCL-1½-5) e à Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Parentais e Socialização Infantil. O escore total de problemas internalizantes não foi predito pelas práticas educativas maternas investigadas. Porém, foram verificadas correlações significativas e positivas, mas de fraca intensidade, entre as síndromes ansiedade/depressão e retraimento, que compõem o agrupamento de problemas internalizantes, e o controle crítico. Contudo, as análises de regressão realizadas indicaram que apenas o retraimento foi predito significativamente pelo controle crítico. Discutem-se as formas pelas quais o controle crítico pode estar associado às duas síndromes, assim como a relevância das dimensões afetivas e de aspectos culturais para a compreensão das relações entre as práticas educativas maternas e os problemas internalizantes. Além disso, discute-se a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas sobre as práticas e sobre os problemas internalizantes, assim como as características do instrumento utilizado para a investigação das práticas educativas maternas. Psychological control involves the use of parental childrearing practices such as overprotection, excessive involvement, constant criticism, and verbal abuse. The international literature has regarded this type of control as one of the predictors of internalizing problems since it restricts children’s possibilities of developing autonomy and a socially appropriate behavior repertoire. Consequently, these children tend to see themselves as less competent to explore their environment and deal with new situations. The present study examined relations between psychological control (critical control and overprotection) and internalizing problems in preschool children and relations between appropriate support and internalizing behavior problems in preschool children. Participants in the study were 103 mothers whose children of both sexes were between the ages of three and five. Mothers were invited to participate in the study at seven private schools from Salvador. The monthly school fees ranged from R$ 75 to R$ 200 in these schools. During the interviews, which had been previously scheduled at the school meetings with the mothers, the participants completed a sociodemographic data form, the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5, and the Child Socialization and Parental Childrearing Practices Structured Interview. The total score of internalizing problems was not predicted by the maternal childrearing practices. However, significant but weak positive correlations were found between anxiety/depression syndromes and withdrawal, making up the internalizing problems cluster, and critical control. Nonetheless, regression analysis revealed that only withdrawal was significantly predicted by critical control. The ways through which critical control may be associated with these two syndromes, as well as the relevance of the affective dimensions and cultural aspects to the understanding of the relationships between maternal childrearing practices and internalizing problems, are discussed. Furthermore, the influence of sociodemographic variables over these practices and over the internalizing problems, as well as the characteristics of the instrument used to investigate the maternal childrearing practices, is discussed.
24

Efeitos de uma intervenção com foco nas práticas educativas parentais sobre os problemas internalizantes na infância

Oliveira, João Marcos de 17 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-21T18:54:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de João Marcos de Oliveira.pdf: 1378288 bytes, checksum: 12e88a6c38a32ea10e7a6fa33b03d2df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2014-02-03T15:14:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de João Marcos de Oliveira.pdf: 1378288 bytes, checksum: 12e88a6c38a32ea10e7a6fa33b03d2df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-03T15:14:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de João Marcos de Oliveira.pdf: 1378288 bytes, checksum: 12e88a6c38a32ea10e7a6fa33b03d2df (MD5) / CNPq / Crianças com problemas internalizantes tendem a apresentar maior dificuldade de solucionar ou solicitar auxílio para situações de difícil resolução, além de possuírem um repertório restrito para as interações sociais e sofrerem com sintomas emocionais, como a ansiedade e a depressão. As práticas parentais intrusivas estão relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de problemas internalizantes e se caracterizam por restringir, invalidar ou manipular a experiência e as expressões emocionais e comportamentais da criança, ou criticá-la e humilhá-la. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção grupal, direcionada às práticas educativas parentais, sobre os problemas internalizantes na infância por meio de um delineamento quase-experimental com grupos não-equivalentes, com pré e pós-teste. A hipótese principal foi a de que, no grupo intervenção, os escores de problemas internalizantes e de suas respectivas síndromes no pós-teste seriam inferiores quando comparados aos escores de problemas internalizantes no pré-teste. Esperava-se também que os escores de problemas internalizantes e das síndromes internalizantes fossem mais altos no grupo comparação do que no grupo intervenção no pós-teste. Participaram 13 mães e um pai de crianças entre três e seis anos divididos em dois grupos: intervenção e comparação. A intervenção teve oito sessões grupais com frequência semanal. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, e os Inventários dos Comportamentos de Crianças nas versões para 1½ a 5 anos (CBCL/1½-5 anos) e de Crianças e Adolescentes de 6 a 18 anos (CBCL/6-18 anos). A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio de procedimentos de estatística descritiva e dos Testes Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados revelaram redução nos escores do grupo intervenção, do pré para o pós-teste, na síndrome queixas somáticas. O impacto da intervenção sobre as queixas somáticas pode ter sido consequência dos seguintes processos induzidos ou iniciados pelo programa de intervenção: a) substituição de práticas superprotetoras e coercitivas por práticas facilitadoras do desenvolvimento social, levando à extinção respondente de componentes relacionados às dimensões fisiológicas de emoções eliciadas por práticas intrusivas e, especialmente, por aquelas de caráter coercitivo, como por exemplo, dores de barriga ou enjoos; b) aumento do controle da criança sobre o contexto das relações pais-filhos, diminuindo seu caráter aversivo e imprevisível e levando à extinção respondente dos sintomas somáticos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para problemas internalizantes, nem para as síndromes. Discutem-se as implicações da duração e da amplitude da intervenção, da não equivalência dos grupos, da idade e da escolaridade dos participantes. Children with internalizing problems tend to have greater difficulty in solving or request assistance for resolution of difficult situations, besides having a restricted repertoire to social interactions and suffer with emotional symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Intrusive parenting practices are related to the development of internalizing problems and are characterized by actions that restrict, manipulate or invalidate the experience and the behavioral and emotional expressions of the child. This study evaluated the effect of a group intervention, targeted to parenting practices, on internalizing problems in childhood through a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent groups with pre-and post-test. The initial hypothesis was that, in the intervention group, scores for internalizing problems and their respective syndromes at posttest were lower when compared to the scores of internalizing problems at pretest. It was also expected that the scores for internalizing problems and internalizing syndromes were higher in the comparison group than in the intervention group at posttest. Participants in the study were 13 mothers and one father of children between three and six years old divided into two groups: intervention and comparison. The intervention had eight weekly group sessions. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data form, and the Child Behavior Checklist in versions for 1 ½ - 5 years (CBCL / 1 ½ -5 years) and 6-18 years (CBCL/6-18 years). Data analysis was conducted using procedures of descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicated a decline in scores in the intervention group, from pre to post-test in somatic complaints. The impact of the intervention on somatic complaints could have been the result of the following processes inducted or initiated by the intervention program: a) replacement of overprotective and coercive practices by parenting practices that facilitate social development, leading to the extinction of respondent components related to physiological dimensions of emotions elicited by intrusive practices and especially for those coercive character, such as stomach aches or nausea; b) increase of the child's control over the context of parent-child relationships, diminishing his aversive and unpredictable character and leading to the respondent extinction of somatic symptoms. There were no significant differences between groups for internalizing problems, or for syndromes. The implications of the length and period of the intervention, the non-equivalence of groups, age and educational level of the participants are discussed.
25

AMAMENTAÇÃO DE CRIANÇAS COM IDADE SUPERIOR A DOIS ANOS: EXPERIÊNCIAS MATERNAS / BREASTFEEDING OF CHILDREN WITH AGE EXCEEDING TWO YEARS: MATERNAL EXPERIENCIES

Souto, Danielle da Costa 09 March 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to know the maternal experiences in relation to the breastfeeding for women who breastfed their children for two years or more. The participants were four adult mothers aged between 20 and 50 years. The instruments used to collect information were screened form to identify the criteria for inclusion of participants and a semi-structured interview to investigate the study questions. Was used a collective case study design, giving attention to the particularities and similarities between the cases, and a qualitative analysis. The results were organized in three studies: a theoretical study (Study 1) as regards the pursuit of studies, using a literature narrative review, that discusses the maternal experience in relation to the breastfeeding and weaning; the first empirical study (Study 2) that refer to research on how is the mothers experience with the practice of breastfeeding for two years or more, which the models involved in the practice and the place occupied by father in this context; and the second empirical study (Study 3) investigates what the aspects related to children's weaning process breastfed for up to two years or more, giving emphasis on three aspects: the ambivalence of feelings reported by mothers in regard to weaning, the reasons that led to wean the children and the surveillance and social coercion from this practice. All the main results in the three studies indicate the importance of rethinking health issues and assistance to women and children who can offer adequate support for the socio-cultural, historical and subjective demands can be met. Is necessary to understand that it is still only encourage breastfeeding speaking about their nutritional and biological aspects, but to understand the situation of every woman's life. It is understood that changes in social, cultural and historical terms are complex, however, the provision of adequate emotional support is possible. It must be recognized the different practices of women regarding breastfeeding are characterized by great social pressure. This is the result of the control exercised by society on women, for example, through campaigns to encourage breastfeeding and monitoring on the act of breastfeeding and weaning, gender issues and little knowledge or ignorance of the experiences and feelings of mothers by the people who are next to them and work with these. So also points up the importance of understanding the woman's support network breastfeeding, since through this improved structure can offer a service in health and expanded under a biopsychosocial perspective. / O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as experiências maternas em relação à prática da amamentação para mulheres que amamentaram seus filhos por dois anos ou mais. Participaram da pesquisa quatro mães adultas com idades entre 20 e 50 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de informações foram uma ficha de triagem, para identificar os critérios de inclusão dos participantes, e uma entrevista semiestruturada, para investigar as questões do estudo. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo, dando-se atenção às particularidades e semelhanças entre os casos, e uma análise qualitativa. Os resultados foram organizados em três estudos: um estudo teórico (Estudo 1) que se refere a busca de estudos, através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, que discutam as experiências maternas em relação à amamentação e desmame; o primeiro estudo empírico (Estudo 2) que refere-se à investigação sobre como as mães experienciam a prática da amamentação por dois anos ou mais, quais os modelos implicados em tal prática e o lugar ocupado pelo pai nesse contexto; e o segundo estudo empírico (Estudo 3) que investiga quais os aspectos relacionados ao processo de desmame de crianças amamentadas até os dois anos ou mais, dando-se ênfase em três aspectos: aos sentimentos de ambivalência relatados pelas mães em relação ao desmame, aos motivos que as levaram a desmamar os filhos e a vigilância e coerção social em torno dessa prática. O conjunto dos principais resultados encontrados nos três estudos indica a importância de repensar questões de saúde e assistência à mulher e a criança que possam oferecer um suporte adequado para que as demandas socioculturais, históricas e subjetivas possam ser supridas. Ainda é preciso compreender que não se trata apenas de incentivar a prática da amamentação discursando sobre seus aspectos nutricionais e biológicos, mas sim entender a situação de vida de cada mulher. Entende-se que mudanças em termos socioculturais e históricos são complexas, no entanto, a oferta de suporte emocional adequado é possível. É preciso reconhecer as diferentes práticas das mulheres em relação à amamentação são marcadas por uma grande pressão social. Esta é fruto do controle da sociedade exercido sobre as mulheres, por exemplo, através das campanhas de incentivo à amamentação e da vigilância sobre o ato de amamentar e do desmame, das questões de gênero e do pouco conhecimento ou desconhecimento das experiências e sentimentos das mães por parte das pessoas que estão junto a elas e com essas trabalham. Portanto, ressalta-se ainda a importância de conhecer a rede de apoio da mulher que amamenta, uma vez que através dessa estrutura melhorada pode-se oferecer um atendimento em saúde ampliado e sob uma perspectiva biopsicossocial.
26

Educar é punir? Compreendendo pontos de vista de pais denunciados por violência física contra seus filhos / Is educate punishing? Understanding the points of view of parents disclosed for physical violence against their children

Thaís Thomé Seni da Silva e Oliveira 14 December 2006 (has links)
A família além de vivida cotidianamente, é pensada, refletida e pesquisada com diferentes enfoques e objetivos, por diferentes perspectivas teóricas, práticas e metodológicas. Para se estudar a família é preciso antes de tudo desnaturalizá-la e recuperar sua própria história, pois os modelos que hoje temos são resultados de processos de transformação da forma de se ver e educar a criança, como também do contexto social, histórico e cultural em que vivemos. Isso inclui o fenômeno da Violência Doméstica, e mais especificamente o uso de violência física de pais contra filhos, que apesar das modificações ocorridas na visão da criança e das práticas educativas na família ao longo do tempo, sempre existiu e persiste de forma endêmica em nossos dias, constituindo um problema de saúde pública, e requerendo estratégias de intervenção por parte dos serviços de saúde e desenvolvimento social. O presente projeto tem o objetivo de investigar, junto a pais e mães com histórico de violência física contra seus filhos, a visão sobre o que é educar uma criança, sobre seu papel de pai/mãe e sobre as conseqüências de seus comportamentos sobre o filho. Busca, dessa forma, trazer contribuições para uma melhor compreensão do problema da agressão física de pais contra filhos, necessária a programas de intervenção que ultrapassem ações punitivas e de cunho imediatista, visando transformações nas relações familiares a partir da consideração da ótica do agente agressor. Os entrevistados são pais e mães denunciados por agressão física contra os filhos ao Conselho Tutelar da cidade de Barretos ? SP. O modelo de entrevista utilizado é denominado ?história de vida temática?, que prevê inicialmente o relato da história de vida do entrevistado, complementada por um conjunto de tópicos previamente definidos pelo pesquisador. Optou-se pela não delimitação prévia do número de sujeitos, utilizando-se o ponto de saturação. Dessa maneira, foram realizadas seis entrevistas, tendo sido gravadas, transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente. A análise dos dados aponta inconsistências entre as concepções parentais a respeito do que é educar e de seu papel como educadores e as práticas educativas que utilizam com os filhos no cotidiano. Evidencia dificuldades dos pais em utilizar recursos educativos alternativos à punição física e uma naturalização cultural do bater como forma de colocar limites e disciplinar a criança; aponta também a falta de suporte social e econômico dos pais como fatores de risco e de estresse, e a necessidade de implementar programas de intervenção que promovam a integração entre suas concepções e práticas como educadores. / Nowadays, family is investigated, studied and the object of research of many theoretical perspectives, with different goals and methodologies. However, in order to study the family it is necessary to rescue its history, because the present models we have are the final result of a complex process of social, historical and cultural transformation, and also changes in the ways we see the childhood, what do parents expect from their children and the childrearing practices used to get to the educational goals. Domestic violence is included in all this process, especially the physical violence that parents use against their children, and that constitutes a public health problem in our context. The main objective of this research is to investigate points of view of parents that use physical violence against their children, their conceptions about the educational process, their role as parents and the consequences of their actions in the child?s development. In this direction, it searches contributions to understand the problem of physical violence of parents against their children, to improve intervention programs that overcome punitive actions, seeking effective transformation in family relationships, considering the parent?s point of view. The study was performed in a city of State of São Paulo through interviews with three mothers and three fathers from different families, that had been disclosed for physical violence against their children. Methodology was constructed in a qualitative perspective, using a model of semi-structured interview called ? Thematic Life History?, where participants expose their personal history since their childhood, followed by a previously defined list of topics. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. Data analysis revealed that parent?s conceptions are not corresponding to their every day actions with their children; the difficulty of parents at knowing or using alternative and non-violent chidrearing practices and a cultural and historical naturalization of the use of physical punishment to establish limits and discipline the child. It also points out the parents` low social and economical support as a risk factor and as the cause of stress for the studied families as well as the necessity of changes in intervention programs to offer the possibility of joining parents conceptions and practices, aiming the improvement of child`s positive global development.
27

Percepção de pais e professores sobre práticas de educação e da criança sobre o certo e o errado: intervindo com ela para promover o respeito à diversidade / Perception of parents and teachers regarding childrearing practices and of children regarding what is right and wrong: intervention with children in order to promote respect of diversity.

Vanessa Delfino 18 December 2006 (has links)
Se a família é o primeiro ambiente socializador da criança, preparando-a para a inclusão em um contexto social mais amplo, a escola pode ser considerada o segundo, salientando-se que pais e professores são figuras essenciais no desenvolvimento do indivíduo, cabendo a eles a função de transmitir valores e normas de conduta assim como compor o ambiente, estabelecendo formas e limites para as gerações mais novas; a infância é, pois, quando a criança incorpora estes valores e, então, o momento propício para verificar a assimilação que ela faz dos fatores relacionadas à tolerância, direitos e deveres. Neste sentido, inicialmente foi investigada a percepção de professores e pais de alunos de Escolas Públicas e Privadas sobre formas de educar a criança e o que seria a violência doméstica contra ela (Estudo I). Na continuidade, analisou como crianças de 2ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental, que freqüentavam Escola Pública, percebiam as ações dos adultos em relação a elas, o que consideravam certo e errado no contato entre os colegas, o que deveria ser feito para garantir o respeito aos direitos de cada um (Estudo II); e por último foi executado um conjunto de discussões em grupo voltado às questões da Tolerância e Direitos com crianças de 4ª série (Estudo III). Para cumprir estes objetivos, no Estudo I três Escolas Públicas e três Particulares foram contatadas, participaram quatro professores (um por série) e oito pais (dois por série) por Escola de primeira à quarta série do Ensino Fundamental, somando um total de setenta e dois entrevistados; na coleta de dados foram usados uma entrevista estruturada com os pais e jogo de sentenças incompletas com os professores. No Estudo II foram entrevistados 160 alunos de 2a (40), 3a (40) e 4a (80) séries do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública; dois instrumentos foram elaborados, o primeiro composto por um conjunto de desenhos, seguidos de questões, o segundo na forma de uma entrevista estruturada. No Estudo III, o material usado na intervenção foi em forma de jogo que consistia em lançar uma certa situação com duas possíveis alternativas (uma direcionada para a incompreensão e desobediência e a outra voltada para a tolerância e a recusa à agressão) a serem escolhidas pelos seus participantes (duas salas de 4ª série). Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos sistemas quantitativo e quantitativo interpretativo. Os resultados, de um modo geral, mostraram que para os pais de alunos de ambas as escolas um sistema ideal de educação quanto à punição está no ponto central, a grande maioria nega que o excesso e a ausência sejam bons para a educação, mas sinalizam que, num grau médio, punir é uma ação aceita como forma de educar a criança. Os professores de escolas particulares e públicas disseram que já detectaram algum tipo de violência doméstica contra seus alunos. Os dados das crianças demonstraram que elas responsabilizam os adultos por sua formação e o que mais as incomoda no contato com os pares são as brigas. Discute-se assim a questão da visibilidade maior da violência doméstica contra a criança nas escolas, sendo os professores grandes aliados na sua detecção e também a necessidade da realização de outras intervenções com as crianças com o objetivo de trabalhar estratégias menos violentas diante de situações que exigem auto-controle em seu relacionamento com os colegas. / If the family is the first socializing environment for children, preparing them for inclusion in a more expanded social context, school can be considered to be the second, with emphasis on the fact that parents and teachers are essential figures in the development of an individuals. It is their function to transmit values and behavioral norms and to compose the environment, establishing forms and limits for the younger generations. It is during childhood that children incorporate these values, this being the proper time to verify how children assimilate the factors related to tolerance, rights and duties. On this basis, we first investigated the perception of teachers and parents of pupils enrolled in Public and Private Schools regarding the way to educate children and domestic violence against them (Study I). Next, we analyzed how 2nd to 4th grade Elementary School pupils enrolled in Public School perceived the actions of adults towards themselves and what they considered to be right or wrong regarding contact among schoolmates and what should be done to guarantee respect of the rights of each person (Study II); finally, a set of group discussions was held regarding the questions of Tolerance and Rights with 4th grade pupils (Study III). To fulfill these objectives, three Public Schools and three Private Schools were contacted in Study I, with the participation of four teachers (one per grade) and eight parents (two per grade) per School from first to fourth grade of Elementary School, with a total of 72 persons interviewed. For data collection, a structured interview was applied to the parents and a set of incomplete sentences was used with the teachers. In Study II, 160 pupils of 2nd (40), 3rd (40) and 4th (80) grades of Elementary School were interviewed. Two instruments were elaborated, the first consisting of a set of drawings followed by questions, and the second in the form of a structured interview. In Study III, the material used for intervention was a game consisting of the presentation of a certain situation with two possible alternatives (one directed at incomprehension and disobedience and the other directed at tolerance and refusal of aggression) to be selected by the participants (two 4th grade classrooms). The data obtained were analyzed by the quantitative and quantitative interpretative systems. In general, the results showed that the parents of children from both schools considered punishment to be a central point in an ideal educational system. Most denied that the excess or the absence of punishment is good for education, but pointed out that a medium type of punishment is an action accepted as a form of child education. The teachers of both the public and private schools stated that they had already detected some type of domestic violence against their pupils. The data regarding the children demonstrated that they hold the adults responsible for their education and that what most bothers them in the contact with their peers is fighting. Thus, the question of greater visibility of domestic violence against children in the schools is discussed, with the teachers being important allies in its detection, together with the need for other interventions with the children in order to devise less violent strategies in situations that require self-control in their relationships with their schoolmates.
28

The Determinants and Consequences of Empathic Parenting: Testing an Expansion of Belsky's Model of Parenting Using SEM

Morse, Margaret K. 05 1900 (has links)
An understanding of factors that enhance empathic parenting behaviors is of considerable importance to the study of child development and to the development of parenting interventions to promote child adjustment. Moreover, gaining a better understanding of the factors that predict empathic parenting with older children is of interest since most research examining parental empathy focuses on infants. These were the goals of the current study. Guided by Belsky's 1984 process model of the determinants of parenting that impact child development, an expanded model of the determinants of parenting is proposed that includes various parent, child, and contextual factors of influence. Using data from a community sample, a partial least squares path analysis approach was employed to test the model's strength in predicting empathically attuned parenting with children ages 5 to 10 years and, ultimately, the child's psychoemotional functioning. Results support the expanded model; however, a reduced model was found to be superior and revealed unique relationships between the determinants of parenting. Specifically, a parent's psychoemotional functioning and childrearing beliefs and attitudes were found to be critical to the parent's ability to engage in empathic parenting behaviors. Other parent factors such as the parent's developmental history of abuse, maladaptive personality traits, and age, along with contextual factors and child characteristics, were found to influence parenting only indirectly through their impact on the parent's level of psychoemotional distress or childrearing beliefs and attitudes. Ultimately, the current findings support Belsky's claim that parent factors are the strongest predictors of empathic parenting. Implications of these findings are many. The results highlight the importance of assessing a parent's childrearing beliefs and attitudes and level of distress in conjunction with characteristics of the child when a family comes in for treatment. Moreover, the results identify many points of intervention to stopping the cycle of abuse.
29

Percepção de pais e professores sobre práticas de educação e da criança sobre o certo e o errado: intervindo com ela para promover o respeito à diversidade / Perception of parents and teachers regarding childrearing practices and of children regarding what is right and wrong: intervention with children in order to promote respect of diversity.

Delfino, Vanessa 18 December 2006 (has links)
Se a família é o primeiro ambiente socializador da criança, preparando-a para a inclusão em um contexto social mais amplo, a escola pode ser considerada o segundo, salientando-se que pais e professores são figuras essenciais no desenvolvimento do indivíduo, cabendo a eles a função de transmitir valores e normas de conduta assim como compor o ambiente, estabelecendo formas e limites para as gerações mais novas; a infância é, pois, quando a criança incorpora estes valores e, então, o momento propício para verificar a assimilação que ela faz dos fatores relacionadas à tolerância, direitos e deveres. Neste sentido, inicialmente foi investigada a percepção de professores e pais de alunos de Escolas Públicas e Privadas sobre formas de educar a criança e o que seria a violência doméstica contra ela (Estudo I). Na continuidade, analisou como crianças de 2ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental, que freqüentavam Escola Pública, percebiam as ações dos adultos em relação a elas, o que consideravam certo e errado no contato entre os colegas, o que deveria ser feito para garantir o respeito aos direitos de cada um (Estudo II); e por último foi executado um conjunto de discussões em grupo voltado às questões da Tolerância e Direitos com crianças de 4ª série (Estudo III). Para cumprir estes objetivos, no Estudo I três Escolas Públicas e três Particulares foram contatadas, participaram quatro professores (um por série) e oito pais (dois por série) por Escola de primeira à quarta série do Ensino Fundamental, somando um total de setenta e dois entrevistados; na coleta de dados foram usados uma entrevista estruturada com os pais e jogo de sentenças incompletas com os professores. No Estudo II foram entrevistados 160 alunos de 2a (40), 3a (40) e 4a (80) séries do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública; dois instrumentos foram elaborados, o primeiro composto por um conjunto de desenhos, seguidos de questões, o segundo na forma de uma entrevista estruturada. No Estudo III, o material usado na intervenção foi em forma de jogo que consistia em lançar uma certa situação com duas possíveis alternativas (uma direcionada para a incompreensão e desobediência e a outra voltada para a tolerância e a recusa à agressão) a serem escolhidas pelos seus participantes (duas salas de 4ª série). Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos sistemas quantitativo e quantitativo interpretativo. Os resultados, de um modo geral, mostraram que para os pais de alunos de ambas as escolas um sistema ideal de educação quanto à punição está no ponto central, a grande maioria nega que o excesso e a ausência sejam bons para a educação, mas sinalizam que, num grau médio, punir é uma ação aceita como forma de educar a criança. Os professores de escolas particulares e públicas disseram que já detectaram algum tipo de violência doméstica contra seus alunos. Os dados das crianças demonstraram que elas responsabilizam os adultos por sua formação e o que mais as incomoda no contato com os pares são as brigas. Discute-se assim a questão da visibilidade maior da violência doméstica contra a criança nas escolas, sendo os professores grandes aliados na sua detecção e também a necessidade da realização de outras intervenções com as crianças com o objetivo de trabalhar estratégias menos violentas diante de situações que exigem auto-controle em seu relacionamento com os colegas. / If the family is the first socializing environment for children, preparing them for inclusion in a more expanded social context, school can be considered to be the second, with emphasis on the fact that parents and teachers are essential figures in the development of an individuals. It is their function to transmit values and behavioral norms and to compose the environment, establishing forms and limits for the younger generations. It is during childhood that children incorporate these values, this being the proper time to verify how children assimilate the factors related to tolerance, rights and duties. On this basis, we first investigated the perception of teachers and parents of pupils enrolled in Public and Private Schools regarding the way to educate children and domestic violence against them (Study I). Next, we analyzed how 2nd to 4th grade Elementary School pupils enrolled in Public School perceived the actions of adults towards themselves and what they considered to be right or wrong regarding contact among schoolmates and what should be done to guarantee respect of the rights of each person (Study II); finally, a set of group discussions was held regarding the questions of Tolerance and Rights with 4th grade pupils (Study III). To fulfill these objectives, three Public Schools and three Private Schools were contacted in Study I, with the participation of four teachers (one per grade) and eight parents (two per grade) per School from first to fourth grade of Elementary School, with a total of 72 persons interviewed. For data collection, a structured interview was applied to the parents and a set of incomplete sentences was used with the teachers. In Study II, 160 pupils of 2nd (40), 3rd (40) and 4th (80) grades of Elementary School were interviewed. Two instruments were elaborated, the first consisting of a set of drawings followed by questions, and the second in the form of a structured interview. In Study III, the material used for intervention was a game consisting of the presentation of a certain situation with two possible alternatives (one directed at incomprehension and disobedience and the other directed at tolerance and refusal of aggression) to be selected by the participants (two 4th grade classrooms). The data obtained were analyzed by the quantitative and quantitative interpretative systems. In general, the results showed that the parents of children from both schools considered punishment to be a central point in an ideal educational system. Most denied that the excess or the absence of punishment is good for education, but pointed out that a medium type of punishment is an action accepted as a form of child education. The teachers of both the public and private schools stated that they had already detected some type of domestic violence against their pupils. The data regarding the children demonstrated that they hold the adults responsible for their education and that what most bothers them in the contact with their peers is fighting. Thus, the question of greater visibility of domestic violence against children in the schools is discussed, with the teachers being important allies in its detection, together with the need for other interventions with the children in order to devise less violent strategies in situations that require self-control in their relationships with their schoolmates.
30

The Identification of Factors Related to Childrearing Expectations of Korean-American Immigrant Parents of Preschool Children

Park, Seong Hwan 08 1900 (has links)
The purposes of this study were to determine the childrearing expectations of the Korean—American immigrant parents as measured on the five subsets of the Parent As A Teacher Inventory (PAAT), and to identify the influential factors within the Korean-American immigrant parents as a function of sex of child, family size, sex of parent, age of parent, education, income level, language, cultural aspects, accessibility, length of residence, and racial discrimination (independent variables). PAAT and the Parent Identification Questionnaire (PIQ) were administered to 118 Korean-American immigrant parents, 53 fathers and 65 mothers in North Texas. All subjects had children ages three through five and were natives of Korea. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine which independent variables would be the best predictors of parent expectations using PAAT subset scores and the total score as dependent variables: Creativity, Frustration, Control, Play, and Teaching-Learning; and eleven independent variables.

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