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This dissertation investigates the process of collaboration and the application of both notational and technological schemes to integrate elements of contemporary composition and tap dance as a consolidated art form. Overall, this document gives an overview of choreographer/composer collaborations in Western classical music; movement notation; and ultimately analyzes my original music—a live set for tap dancer, live musicians and electronics—entitled Digital Tap Dance. Altogether, this project represents the culmination of music and dance as a compelling intermedia collaboration. By (1) researching different practices of composer-choreographer collaborations, (2) notating rudiments for tap dance, (3) creating software for tap dancers, and (4) composing original music for tap dancers, this dissertation will create options for composers and choreographers alike in composition and improvisation.

Virtual Stage is a project to use Virtual Reality (VR) technology as an audiovisual performance interface. The depth of control, modularity of design, and user immersion aim to solve some of the representational problems in interactive audiovisual art and the control problems in digital musical instruments. Creating feedback between interaction and perception, the VR environment references the viewer's behavioral intuition developed in the real world, facilitating clarity in the understanding of artistic representation. The critical essay discusses of interactive behavior, game mechanics, interface implementations, and technical developments to express the structures and performance possibilities. This discussion uses Virtual Stage as an example with specific aesthetic and technical solutions, but addresses archetypal concerns in interactive audiovisual art. The creative documentation lists the interactive functions present in Virtual Stage as well as code reproductions of selected technical solutions. The included code excerpts document novel approaches to virtual reality implementation and acoustic physical modeling of musical instruments.

The two fields of acousmatic music and site-specific conceptual art take strikingly different approaches to the notions of space and place. In this document, I describe how these two areas of aesthetic research diverge and relate to each other, focusing on how their unique approaches can be implemented in the practice of site-specific music composition. The first part of this document surveys the distinctive features of each of these fields, describing the particular differences between them in their approach to space and place. The contradictions between the two approaches are then briefly analyzed in reference to Georgina Born's understanding of music as fundamentally multitextual. In the second part of the document, I describe in detail how I implemented a site-specific approach when composing "…threaded through," a 16-channel audio, 6 video, site-specific installation for the UNT College of Music Main Building. In this, I describe how both the space and place of the UNT College of Music Main Building influenced my musical choices, visual content, and approach to audio and visual spatialization. The final part of the document contains a detailed score for realizing "…threaded through" in the location of the UNT College of Music Main Building.

British composer Brian Lock merges the composition styles of Alexander Goehr, Henryk Górecki and Witold Lutoslawski in his innovative works for instrumental sounds and electronics. His most recent work for flute, Sonic Archaeologies No.1, was premiered at the University of North Texas by Mary Karen Clardy, flute; Brian Lock, piano/electric keyboard; and Daniel Pardo, laptop/live mixing. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide flutists with artistic and technical guidance in preparing this work for flute, prerecorded orchestra, interactive electronics and improvisatory accompaniment. Sonic Archaeologies No. 1, a piece in five movements (Black Rain, Psychomania, Kodo, Susperia, and Deep in the Machine), incorporates contemporary techniques to create sounds other than the Western concert flute, with the use of live reinforcement devices such as microphones and time-based audio effects within a D.A.W. (Digital Audio Workstation.) Reggae, Hip-Hop and cinematic styles are juxtaposed within the work, fusing current genres with traditional rhythmic forms like the ones found in a bourrée. As the solo instrument, flute provides more textural than melodic elements, and the performer is required to interact with an unpredictable sonic soundscape as a result of the improvisatory element of the keyboards and computer. The notation of Sonic Archaeologies No.1 invites interpretation blending and altering traditional sounds through microphones and a processed signal flow. The performance guide will address acoustical considerations when the flute sound is being manipulated by dynamic and time-based processors in live performance; the interaction between the flute, electronics and acoustic spaces; the elements of sound production that provide interpretation of contemporary popular styles; and the opportunities for the performer to find, explore and develop artistry beyond the limitations of music notation.

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l'Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU) / Ce projet a consisté en la composition de deux pièces électroacoustiques sur support, Bits et Rarezas, à partir de sons conçus dans l'environnement de programmation Max. Cet outil nous a permis de mettre en place une démarche portant principalement sur la composition du son à partir de la manipulation et de l'organisation d'éléments sonores très simples (comme les micro-sons ou les ondes sinusoïdales). Les algorithmes sous forme de patche Max, nous ont permis de contrôler ces matériaux de façon efficace, pour construire les textures sonores complexes utilisées dans les pièces. Dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire, nous avons abordé les idées de base nous ayant guidé sur les plans techniques (surtout pour l'élaboration des patches Max) et esthétiques; les sujets abordés dans cette partie incluent le micro-son, la synthèse granulaire et le minimalisme électronique. Le deuxième chapitre présente premièrement des généralités sur les patches Max, considérant tant les concepts de base des algorithmes que les stratégies utilisées pour interagir avec les patches et créer du son. Le reste du chapitre II aborde en détail les patches utilisés dans notre projet; nous y présentons la description en détail des interfaces-utilisateur, ainsi que les démarches typiques pour produire des textures sonores diverses; des extraits sonores (inclus dans le CD fourni) servent à illustrer les différentes possibilités. Enfin le dernier chapitre, aborde l'analyse des pièces Bits et Rarezas; nous avons choisi la terminologie proposée par Pierre Schaeffer dans son célèbre Traité des objets musicaux pour décrire les différents sons et textures qui constituent les pièces. / This project consists in the composition of two electroacoustic pieces for fixed media entitled Bits and Rarezas. Both works are based on sounds created in Max/MSP programming environment, a tool that has enabled an approach based mainly on the composition of sound by the manipulation and organization of very simple sound materials, such as microsounds and sinusoidal waves. The algorithms implemented in Max were used to efficiently control these sounds, building the complex sound textures used in the pieces. The first chapter is centered on the basic technical and aesthetic ideas that have guided me. These concepts include microsound, granular synthesis and electronic minimalism. For the second chapter I begin with an overview on the Max patches used, focusing on the concepts behind the algorithms as well as on the interaction strategies used to model the sound. The remaining part of the second chapter discusses in more detail the five patches Max used in the project, presenting a description of the user interfaces, as well as a discussion of the typical procedures to compose different types of sounds. A few sound excerpts have been included in the accompanying CD to illustrate the possibilities shown. Finally, the last chapter analyses in detail the pieces Bits and Rarezas. In order to describe the sounds and textures included in the pieces, I have used as a reference the terms proposed by Pierre Schaeffer in his seminal work: Traité des objets musicaux.

Em meio a diversas interações midiáticas oriundas do desenvolvimento tecnológico no século XXI, percebemos que a música pode desbravar novos caminhos e conexões em áreas ainda pouco exploradas, como na interdisciplinaridade com o esporte. Este trabalho tem como foco a concepção de um sistema de criação musical interativo controlado por performance coreográfica esportiva, onde o atleta, além de interagir com o processo criativo e com a própria música durante sua performance coreográfica, possa também alterar sua estrutura e redefinir parâmetros de condução e geração sonora. Através de um sensor de movimento o atleta atua em tempo real reorganizando a execução de materiais sonoros previamente elaborados e manipulando processadores de efeito e de dinâmica. Uma composição modular interativa foi realizada para testar o sistema, adotando-se uma estrutura musical modular em tonalidades. Atribuindo ao atleta funções antes exclusivas do nicho profissional do intérprete e/ou compositor musical, o sistema desenvolvido oferece o acesso a processos de criação musical a uma população que não necessariamente detém conhecimento sobre as ferramentas tradicionais de composição musical. Os resultados exploram novas formas de mediações e abrem fronteiras de aplicações intocadas, bem como novos nichos de trabalho para o profissional da música nas áreas de criação, produção e performance. / In the midst of several media interactions that came from technological development in the 21st century, we realized that music can break new ground and connections in areas that are still little explored, such as in interdisciplinarity with sports. This work focuses on the conception of an interactive musical creation system controlled by a choreographic performance, in which the athlete, in addition to interacting with the creative process and with the music itself during its choreographic performance, can also alter its structure and redefine parameters of conduction and sound generation. Through a motion sensor the athlete acts in real time reorganizing the execution of previously elaborated sound materials and manipulating processors of effect and dynamics. An interactive modular composition was performed to test the system, adopting a modular musical structure in shades. By providing the athlete with functions previously unique to the professional niche of the performer and / or music composer, the developed system offers access to music creation processes for a population that does not necessarily have knowledge about traditional musical composition tools. The results explore new forms of mediation and open boundaries of untouched applications, as well as new work niches for the music professional in the areas of creation, production and performance.

This thesis discusses the use of Kalman filtering for noise reduction in a 3-D gesture- based computer music controller known as the Radio Drum and for real-time tempo tracking of rhythmic and melodic musical performances. The Radio Drum noise reduction Kalman filter is designed based on previous research in the field of target tracking for radar applications and prior knowledge of a drummer’s expected gestures throughout a performance. In this case we are seeking to improve the position estimates of a drum stick in order to enhance the expressivity and control of the instrument by the performer. Our approach to tempo tracking is novel in that a multi- modal approach combining gesture sensors and audio in a late fusion stage lead to higher accuracy in the tempo estimates.

Submitted by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T14:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_JUNIOR_Clenio_2017.pdf: 4502082 bytes, checksum: 36fad22cf5caad0d975a2df1fe5e7a55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T14:08:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_JUNIOR_Clenio_2017.pdf: 4502082 bytes, checksum: 36fad22cf5caad0d975a2df1fe5e7a55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi ( ri.bso@ufscar.br) on 2017-10-17T14:09:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_JUNIOR_Clenio_2017.pdf: 4502082 bytes, checksum: 36fad22cf5caad0d975a2df1fe5e7a55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T14:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES_JUNIOR_Clenio_2017.pdf: 4502082 bytes, checksum: 36fad22cf5caad0d975a2df1fe5e7a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 / Não recebi financiamento / Knowledge representation process is an essential matter regarding Computer Music systems. Methods have been applied in order to provide computers with the capability to generate conclusions based on experience in specialized domains. Inductive Logic Programming is a research field which combines concepts of Logic Programming and Machine Learning. Due to its declarative feature, both acquired and produced knowledge can be presented to not-expert users in a naturally understandable way. This work deals with Music Knowledge Representation from the perspective of multi- paradigm programming, using Inductive Logic Programming technique and including the development of the knowledge-based music system Fraseado. Finally, a method for the evaluation of algorithmic composition systems - the Expanded Turing Test - is presented. / O processo de representação de conhecimento em Computação Musical constitui um elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento de sistemas. Métodos têm sido aplicados visando fornecer ao computador a capacidade de inferir informações a partir da experiência e definições previamente estabelecidas. Neste sentido, a Programação Lógica Indutiva apresenta-se como um crescente campo de pesquisa que incorpora conceitos de Programação em Lógica e Aprendizado de Máquina. O presente trabalho aborda a Representação de Conhecimento Musical sob a ótica da programação multiparadigma, com uso da técnica de Programação Lógica Indutiva. Inclui o desenvolvimento do sistema musical baseado em conhecimento Fraseado. Por fim é apresentado um método para avaliação de sistemas de composição algorítmica - o Teste de Turing Expandido.

Orientadores: Fernando Jose Von Zuben, Jonatas Manzolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:10:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano_MarceloFreitas_M.pdf: 11758987 bytes, checksum: 2521dc99ef68d0b0a4e06b9ea4751fc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Não há limitações teóricas para o uso do computador como fonte de sons musicais. O computador digital permite a produção de qualquer som concebivel dada a seqüência correta de números (amostras digitais). No entanto, produzir uma dada seqüência de números que corresponda a um som musical que possua determinadas características perceptivas desejadas é uma tarefa de difícil resolução. Grande parte dos métodos e sistemas de síntese sonora digital utiliza modelos e/ou incorpora técnicas que não levam em conta a natureza dinâmica dos sons musicais ou que não foram originalmente desenvolvidas para manipulação musical. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma abordagem populacional para síntese sonora no domínio temporal. Foi estudado um espaço sonoro e um conjunto de atratores, isto é, um conjunto de formas de onda com qualidades sonoras desejadas e definidas a priori, e foi possível obter sons que possuem características associadas a um ou mais atratores, representando variantes dos mesmos. Este método de síntese de sons musicais pode ser interpretado como um processo de busca no espaço vetorial que contém todas as possibilidades sonoras decorrentes da representação adotada, e tem por objetivo a criação de formas de onda digítalizadas com características emergentes e potencial para serem utilizadas em diversas aplicações musicais. Os resultados representam variantes e/ou possuem íntersecções das características próprias dos atratores, responsáveis por indicar as regiões de interesse do espaço de busca. A proposta de pesquisa envolveu a utilização de algoritmos bioinspirados - os quais expressam propriedades de sistemas auto-organizados e adaptativos - como definidores de processos de geração e estruturação dos elementos sonoros, entendidos aqui como problemas de otimização. A auto-organização e os mecanismos de manutenção de diversidade e de adaptação, intrínsecos aos sistemas bio-inspirados, fundamentam a proposta no sentido de viabilizarem a emergência temporal de estruturas estáveis sem um elemento organizador externo / Abstract: There are no theoretical limitations to the use of the computer as a source of musical sounds. The digital computer allows for the production of any conceivable sound given the carrect sequence af numbers (digital samples). Nevertheless, producing the correct sequence of numbers that correspond to a musical sound expressing predefined perceptual characteristics is a very difficult task. Most sound synthesis methods and systems utilize models and/or incorporate techniques which do not take into account the dynamic nature of musical sounds or were not originally developed for the manipulation of musical tones. In this work we are proposing a populational sound synthesis approach in the time domain. A soundspace and a set of attractors, i.e. waveforms containing a priari desired features or qualities, and a population of agents communicating by means of local interaction were studied, and it was possible to attain sounds which share some qualities from more than one of the attractors, resulting exclusively from low-Ievel rules followed by these agents. This sound synthesis method can be regarded as a search in the vector space that contains ali the possible sounds resulting from the adopted representation, and its objective is to synthesize digital waveforms that possess emergent properties and the potential to be used in musical applications. The resulting sounds are variants or hybrids that share some of the intrinsic features of the attractors, which are responsible for indicating the regions of interest in the search space. This proposal involved the use of bio-inspired algorithms, which express features of adaptive, self-organizing systems, as definers of generating and structuring processes of sound elements, regarded herein as optimization processes. Self-organization and diversity maintenance and adaptation mechanisms, intrinsic to bio-inspired systems, lay the foundations of this proposal so as to make viable the temporal emergence of stable structures without an externa I organizing element / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica