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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [255]-265).

This study took a novel experimental approach from the field of cognitive linguistics to quantitatively describe the impact of culture on the use of mobile information and communication technology (ICT) in the context of peace and conflict. Beginning with the hypothesis that ICT reflects a mono-cultural perspective for collecting and organizing information, this study tested how a failure to adapt at a cognitive level resulted in distorted narratives. This distortion has problematic implications for democratic participation in postconflict contexts and in data aggregation initiatives that inform policy decisions related to governance, election monitoring, human rights abuse reporting, and conflict management more broadly. Fieldwork from the Acholi region of Uganda supported the conclusion that current ICT tools used in conflict management contexts fundamentally distort the narratives they were designed to collect at a cognitive level. Findings from this research also presented avenues for software development around a new variable for cultural communication preference.

Despite a plethora of empirical evidence on the work-family interface in 'the West', very little research has been carried out on the experiences of women in the context of Pakistan. Gender inequalities persist in the Pakistani labour market and women's employment is skewed towards agriculture and 'respectable' professions, such as academia and medicine. However, following the privatisation of the banking industry, women have been gaining visibility in this profession despite societal pressures to either conform to the homemaker role or remain in 'women's work'. What makes the Pakistani context unique is the interplay between gender, culture, religion, class and family structure. This affects reconciliation of work and family roles among working women. This thesis contributes to an understanding of the experiences of working women in a gendered, patriarchal, Muslim society. It offers an indigenous conceptualisation of the contours, causes, consequences and coping strategies (Four C's) of work-family conflict (WFC) among women working in Pakistani banks through a multi-layered, feminist, intersectional approach that gives voice to women. The study foregrounds women's experiences at the individual-level; however, it also considers the broader structures such as the extended family system, the male-dominated banking industry and the contradiction of Islamic teachings with the societal norms regarding women's paid employment. Consequently, the conceptual model of Four C's of WFC offers a systematic and coherent categorisation of the causes, consequences and coping strategies of WFC in a context-sensitive, multi-level, intersectional, feminist approach framework. Such indigenous manifestations of WFC in the Pakistani context can inform research in similar contexts. Based on a mixed method approach the fieldwork collected empirical evidence through 280 scoping questionnaires and 47 in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews in four different banks in Punjab province of Pakistan. The study reveals the most extreme, yet masked, forms of oppression and the subtleties of agency in the context of religious, patriarchal and cultural understandings of 'work' that also impact the salience of other social categories, e.g. class and family structure. In the main, the findings suggest a gendered culture of silence in Pakistan in which women working in Pakistani banks lack opportunities to vocalise their subjugated positions in the work and family spheres. More specifically, the thesis points to the fact that these women are subject to, sometimes conflicting, organisational and societal pressures to conform to the respective images of 'ideal worker' and 'good woman' simultaneously. This, of course, has implications for the intensity. In doing so the study extends the existing WFC theoretical framework to include and consider not just the Four C's of WFC but the intensity, duration and types experienced by women in particular contexts. However, the research also revealed that women in Pakistani banks are not passive victims, but active agents, making context dependent constrained choices to prevent or cope with WFC. For policymakers, the findings suggest the need for the formulation of context-specific initiatives to address work-family issues in patriarchal Muslim societies.

Thesis (Ed.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.

Thesis (Ed.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.

Объектом исследования явилась конфликтологическая компетентность студентов-психологов. Предметом исследования стали представления о конфликте, стратегии поведения в конфликте и конфликтность как свойство личности – составляющие конфликтологической компетентности студентов-психологов. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (88 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик и полученные результаты. Объем магистерской диссертации 102 листа, на которых размещены 20 рисунков и 9 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя исследование научных подходов к представлениям о конфликте, разведены понятия «конфликтологическая компетентность» и «конфликтологическая культура». Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методике исследования семантического поля понятия «конфликт» А.И. Тащевой, методике оценки поведения личности в конфликте К.Н. Томаса, методике диагностики ведущего типа реагирования в конфликте М.М. Кашапова, методике «конфликтная личность» Н.А. Литвинцевой, методике «самооценка конфликтности—2» С.М. Емельянова. Также в главе представлены результаты контент-анализа, сравнительного анализа средних значений, корреляционного анализа результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object matter of the study is the conflictological competence among psychology students. The subject of the study is the notions of conflict, strategies of behavior in conflict and conflictiness as the components of conflictological competence of students of psychology. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (88 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies and results. The volume of the master's thesis is 102 pages, on which are placed 20 figures and 9 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes the overview of scientific approaches to the notions of conflict, the concepts of «conflictological competence» and «conflictological culture» are separated. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: method of research of a semantic field of concept «conflict» of A.I. Tascheva, a technique of an estimation of behavior of the person in the conflict of K.N. Thomas, a technique of diagnostics of leading type of reaction in the conflict of M.M. Kashapov, a technique «the conflictual person» of N.A. Litvintseva, a technique «self-esteem of conflictiness-2» of S.M. Emelyanov. Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the conclusions on the hypotheses. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.

In post-conflict settings real and imagined boundaries do a great deal to determine who is inside and who is outside of state-based narratives of peace and prosperity. Based on case studies in Rwanda and Northern Ireland, I provide an analysis of the post-conflict periods and the impact of neoliberal-styled governance on the dynamics of power. I argue that as power shifted, ‘peace’ also entailed a general social pacification, and prosperity equated to greater private profit. However, top-down social engineering has not contained the entire field of social struggle. I examine micro-level interventions taking place on the margins of mainstream discourse that trouble the moralizing state-narratives that seek to legitimate structural violence. Such spaces facilitate alternative values and practices that contribute to sustained social and cultural resilience, as well as forms of resistance. Post-conflict Rwanda and Northern Ireland have been impacted by both coercive and consensual forms of social engineering. In Rwanda, state-based framework laws and forceful regimes of local implementation rely on stark contingencies of reward and punishment to shape and control behaviour in the public sphere. In Northern Ireland, the power-sharing structure of the Belfast Agreement has reinforced ethnic politics, while depoliticizing and instrumentalizing civil society in support of its neoliberal policies. I present ethnographic research and interviews conducted with community organizations in Northern Ireland (Ikon) and Rwanda (Student Association of Genocide Survivors - AERG) that demonstrates how alternative discourses and practices are emerging in the cracks of these top-down systems. I explore Ikon’s use of creative performances and radical theology to create socially resonant cultural spaces that function as temporary autonomous zones. These TAZs unsettle aspects of individual identity while intentionally seeking to destabilize mainstream power dynamics. Unlike Ikon, AERG faces greater public scrutiny and higher political stakes. They demonstrate an adherence to the dominant social script in the public sphere, while exhibiting micro- level agency through trauma healing, and material support in private day-to-day practices. AERG’s performance in the public sphere creates temporary spaces of encounter that exceed the boundaries of official discourse, making their alternative presence felt while remaining illegible to the dominant surveillance frameworks. / Thesis (Ph.D, Cultural Studies) -- Queen's University, 2014-06-02 11:02:09.033