Dans le domaine de l'aviation civile, afin de répondre à la demande croissante du trafic, les activités de recherche sont guidées par la volonté d’améliorer la capacité de l'espace aérien. Des recherches sont en cours dans tous les domaines de l'aviation civile: Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) et de gestion du trafic aérien (Air Traffic Management, ATM). En ce que concerne la navigation, les objectifs devraient être atteints par l'amélioration des performances des services existants grâce au développement des nouvelles aides à la navigation et la définition de nouvelles procédures basées sur ces nouveaux systèmes. La navigation par satellite, grâce au concept de Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), est reconnue comme une technologie clé pour fournir des services de navigation précis avec une couverture mondiale. Le concept GNSS a été défini par l'Organisation de l'Aviation Civile Internationale (OACI). Son importance dans l'aviation civile peut être observée dans l'avionique de nouveaux avions puisque la majorité d'entre eux sont maintenant équipés de récepteurs GNSS. Le GNSS comprend une fonction de surveillance de l'intégrité fournie par un système d’augmentation en plus de la constellation de base. Ceci est nécessaire pour répondre à toutes les exigences concernant la précision, l'intégrité, la continuité et la disponibilité qui ne peuvent pas être fournis par les constellations autonomes comme le GPS ou Glonass. Trois systèmes d’augmentation ont été développés au sein de l'aviation civile: le GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System), le SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) et l’ABAS (Aircraft Based Augmentation System). Le système GBAS, en particulier, est actuellement standardisé pour fournir des services de navigation, comme l'approche de précision, jusqu’à la Catégorie I (CAT I) en utilisant les constellations GPS ou Glonass et des signaux dans la bande L1. Ce service est connu sous le nom de GBAS Approach Service Type-C (GAST-C). Afin d'étendre ce concept jusqu'à des approche de précision CAT II/II, les activités de recherche sont en cours pour définir le nouveau service appelé GAST-D. Parmi tous les défis, la surveillance de la menace ionosphérique est le secteur où le niveau d'intégrité est insuffisant. Grâce au développement des nouvelles constellations, Galileo et Beidou, et grâce au processus de modernisation des autres constellations existantes, GPS et Glonass, l'avenir du GNSS sera Multi-Constellation (MC) et Multi-Fréquence (MF). En Europe, les activités de recherche se sont concentrées sur un système GNSS Bi-Constellation (Dual-Constellation, DC) basé sur GPS et Galileo. Afin de surmonter les problèmes rencontrés par en fonctionnement Mono-Fréquence (Single-Frequency, SF) en présence d’anomalies ionosphériques, l'utilisation de deux fréquences (Dual-Frequency, DF) a été sélectionnée comme un moyen d'améliorer la détection des anomalies ionosphériques et d'atténuer les erreurs résiduelles ionosphériques. Les avantages d'un système DC/DF GBAS (GAST-F) sont : •la robustesse de l'ensemble du système contre toute interférence involontaire grâce à l'utilisation de mesures effectuées dans deux bandes de fréquences protégées, •la robustesse contre une panne d’une des deux constellations,•l'amélioration de la précision à l'aide de nouveaux signaux avec des performances améliorées, et plusieurs satellites. Cependant, l'utilisation de nouveaux signaux et d’une nouvelle constellation, n’apporte pas que des avantages. Elle soulève également une série de défis qui doivent être résolus de profiter pleinement de ce nouveau concept. Dans cette thèse, certains défis, liés à un système DC/DF GBAS ont été étudiés. Un d’entre eux, causé par l'utilisation de nouveaux signaux GNSS, est de déterminer l'impact des sources d'erreur qui sont décorrélées entre la station au sol et l'avion et qui induisent une erreur sur la position estimée. De plus, avec l’utilisation de deux fréquences, il y a la pos / In Civil Aviation domain, to cope with the increasing traffic demand, research activities are pointed toward the optimization of the airspace capacity. Researches are thus ongoing on all Civil Aviation areas: Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Management (ATM). Focusing on the navigation aspect, the goals are expected to be met by improving performances of the existing services through the developments of new NAVigation AIDS (NAVAIDS) and the definition of new procedures based on these new systems. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is recognized as a key technology in providing accurate navigation services with a worldwide coverage. The GNSS concept was defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). A symbol of its importance, in civil aviation, can be observed in the avionics of new civil aviation aircraft since a majority of them are now equipped with GNSS receivers. The GNSS concept includes the provision of an integrity monitoring function by an augmentation system in addition to the core constellations. This is needed to meet all the required performance metrics of accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability which cannot be met by the stand-alone constellations such as GPS. Three augmentation systems have been developed within civil aviation: the GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System), the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) and the ABAS (Aircraft Based Augmentation System). GBAS, in particular, is currently standardized to provide precision approach navigation services down to Category I (CAT I) using GPS or Glonass constellations and L1 band signals. This service is known as GBAS Approach Service Type-C (GAST-C). In order to extend this concept down to CAT II/III service, research activities is ongoing to define the new service called a GAST-D. Among other challenges, the monitoring of the ionospheric threat is the area where the integrity requirement is not met. Thanks to the deployment of new constellations, Galileo and Beidou, and the modernization process of the existing ones, GPS and Glonass, the future of GNSS is envisaged to be Multi-Constellation (MC) and Multi-frequency (MF). In Europe, research activities have been focused on a Dual-Constellation (DC) GNSS and DC GBAS services based on GPS and Galileo constellations. Moreover, to overcome the problems experienced by Single-Frequency (SF) GBAS due to ionosphere anomalies, the use of two frequencies (Dual Frequency, DF) has been selected as a mean to improve ionosphere anomalies detection and to mitigate ionosphere residual errors. Advantages in using a DC/DF GBAS (GAST-F) system are, however, not only related to the integrity monitoring performance improvement. Benefits, brought by DC and DF, are also related to •the robustness of the entire system against unintentional interference thanks to the use of measurements in two protected frequency bands, •the robustness against a constellation failure, •the accuracy improvement by using new signals with improved performance, and more satellites. However, the use of new signals and a new constellation, does not bring only benefits. It also raises a series of challenges that have to be solved to fully benefit from the new concept. In this thesis, some challenges, related to DC/DF GBAS, have been investigated. One of them, rising from the use of new GNSS signals, is to determine the impact of error sources that are uncorrelated between the ground station and the aircraft and that induce an error on the estimated position. Using two frequencies, there is the possibility to form measurement combinations like Divergence-free (D-free) and Ionosphere-free (I-free) for which the errors impact has to be analyzed. In this thesis, the impact of the uncorrelated errors (noise and multipath as main sources) on ground measurements is analyzed. The aim is to compare the derived performances with the curve proposed in (RTCA,Inc DO-253C, 2008) for the

Cette thèse de doctorat en arts plastiques étudie la constellation. se situe dans une société contemporaine, où s'opère un tournant spatial, que ce soit en arts ou dans d'autres disciplines. est le creuset d'une réflexion transversale. ouverte aux articulations entre des pratiques et des disciplines. à partir des travaux artistiques de la doctorante et ceux de Bouchra Khalili, Bernard Heidsieck, Fabrice Hyber, Christophe Tarkos… associés aux perspectives écologiques menées par Tim Ingold, Philippe Descola, J. J. Gibson… cette thèse en arts plastiques analyse une écologie de l'art au fonctionnement constellatoire. au travers de cinq cahiers. dont trois cahiers principaux, cartographier–bâtir–chercher. territoires d'exploration. pour chercher à faire émerger des questions écologiques sur les pratiques artistiques ex : comment une association entre Fernand Deligny, Bouchra Khalili et David Antin permet de saisir une expérience cartographique à l’échelle écologique ? cette thèse en arts plastiques propose une circulation par notions écologiques. – #usages, #interactions, #échelle… – permettant de déterritorialiser des pratiques. d'exposer et mettre à l’épreuve des contaminations, jonctions ou transmissions. / This PhD thesis focuses on the constellation. originates in a contemporary society where a spatial corner arises, whether it be in arts or in any other disciplines. is the area of a cross-disciplinary thought. open to interactions between practices and disciplines. based upon on the work of the PhD student and those of Bouchra Khalili, Bernard Heidsieck, Fabrice Hyber, Christophe Tarkos… linked to the ecological theoretical perspectives carried by Tim Ingold, Philippe Descola, J. J. Gibson… this thesis in art analyses an ecology of art of the functioning of constellation. through five notebooks. of which three main notebooks, cartographier–bâtir–chercher. areas of exploration. in order to make ecological matters about artistic practices emerge. e.g : how does the link between Fernand Deligny, Bouchra Khalili and David enable us to understand a cartographic experience on an ecological scale ? this thesis in art offers a circulation via ecological notions. – #usages, #interactions, #scale… – enabling to deterritorialise practices. to expose and to put to the test contaminations, junctions or transmissions.

Construite à partir des questions soulevées par le travail artistique de l’auteur, cette thèse examine le rapport qu’entretiennent certains artistes, essentiellement contemporains, avec la réalité de l’image photographique, sa capacité à produire une abstraction et à s’inscrire dans un agencement. Considérée selon un double point de vue, la notion d’agencement apparait ici d’une part comme le processus de l’artiste qui travaille avec des images,et d’autre part comme une forme d’organisation qui favorise une diversité de relations entre les images, àla façon de constellations. La première partie intitulée « les conditions de l’agencement » s’intéresse au passage à l’acte photographique, à l’appropriation d’une image, comme au détachement que nécessitent parfois ces deux actions propres aux pratiques de Christian Marclay et Wolfgang Tillmans. Alternative à ces divers mouvements qui animent les élans de l’artiste vers le réel, l’abstraction photographique fait l’objet d’une étude à travers l’analyse des travaux de quelques artistes parmi lesquels Pierre Cordier, Michael Flomen et James Welling.La seconde partie s’attache à décrire comment « l’agencement d’images » est investi d’un fonctionnement caractéristique du montage cinématographique et de l’atlas warburgien. Sont ainsi tour à tour observées des oeuvres où l’agencement d’images est délimité par le cadre (John Baldessari et John Stezaker), ventilé à travers les pages d’un livre (Hans-Peter Feldmann, Luis Jacob, Gerhard Richter, etc.) et déployé dans l’espace d’exposition : sur les cimaises, au sol ou sur des tables (Pierre Leguillon, Batia Suter, Wolfgang Tillmans). L’intérêtest finalement porté sur les enjeux de transmission de l’agencement, sa volonté de non-Hiérarchie aussi, et ce notamment, dans le contexte d’expositions de collections publiques et privées (Des images comme des oiseaux, Le Mur, Les peintres de la vie moderne).À l’issue de ce texte placé en regard d’une succession de planches d’images s’ouvre une autre collection dephotographies annotées et légendées, consacrée à la pratique artistique de l’auteur. / Developed based on questions from the author’s artistic practice, this thesis examines the relationship between some artists, mainly contemporary, and the reality of the photographic picture, its ability to produce abstraction and to fit within a display. Considered here in a double perspective, the concept of display is seen, on one hand, as the process of the artist working with pictures and, on the other hand, as an organizational model that foster a variety of connections, like constellations do.Entitled “display’s conditions”, the first part deals with photographic acting-Out, the appropriation of a picture as well as the detachment that sometimes these two actions involve like in Christian Marclay’s and Wolfgang Tillmans’s practices. As an alternative to these various movements which spur on the artist’s impetus towards reality, photographic abstraction is considered for further study through the analysis of artistic works like Pierre Cordier’s, Michael Flomen’s or James Welling’s.The second part describes how the “display of pictures” is invested by a functioning that is a feature of editingand Warburg’s atlas. Several works are observed in which the display of pictures is delimited by the frame(John Baldessari and John Stezaker) scattered through the pages of a book (Hans-Peter Feldmann’s, LuisJacob’s, Gerhard Richter’s, etc.) and spread out in the exhibition space: on the walls, the ground and tables(Pierre Leguillon, Batia Suter, Wolfgang Tillmans). The interest is finally moved on the issue of displaytransmission, its aim of non-Hierarchy, especially in the context of public and private collections exhibited(Des images comme des oiseaux, Le Mur, Les Peintres de la vie moderne).As the outcome of this text that appears beside a series of plates, a new collection of annotated and captionedphotographs is developed, dedicated to the artistic practice of the author.

This thesis focuses on the concept of uniquely factorable constellations (UFCs) in the design of space-time block codes (STBCs) for wireless communication systems using three different approaches. Based on intelligent constellation collaboration, UFCs can provide the systematic design of a full diversity code with improved coding gain. Firstly, motivated by the energy-efficient hexagonal lattice carved from the Eisenstein integer domain, hexagonal UFCs and hexagonal uniquely factorable constellation pairs (UFCPs), of various sizes, are constructed for a noncoherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system. It is proved that these designs assure the blind unique identification of channel coefficients and transmitted signals in a noise-free case and full diversity for the noncoherent maximum likelihood (ML) receiver in a noisy case. In addition, an optimal energy scale is found to maximize the coding gain. Secondly, using a matrix similar to the Alamouti matrix and the UFCP concept based on the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation, a novel energy-efficient unitary STBC is designed for a noncoherent multiple-input single-output (MISO) system with two transmitter antennas and one receiver antenna by using the QR decomposition. It is shown that the proposed UFCP-STBC design also allows for the blind unique identification of both the transmitted signals and channel coefficients as well as full diversity. In addition, an optimal unitary UFCP-STBC is devised to maximize the coding gain subject to a transmission bit rate constraint. The last approach is to demonstrate how the UFCP concept is applied to the systematic design of a coherent relay network coding system. A class of uniquely factorable Alamouti matrix pairs is proposed for the design of a novel amplify-forward relay network coding scheme, which allows the relay node to transmit its own information. By carefully making use of the Alamouti coding structure and strategically encoding the signals from the two antennas at the relay node, the resulting coding scheme enables the optimal full diversity gain and better coding gain for the ML detector. Comprehensive computer simulations show that the three uniquely factorable designs presented in this thesis have the best error performance compared to the current designs in literature. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

<p>In this thesis, a MISO wireless communication system having even transmitter antennas and a single receiver antenna is considered, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows channel state information. Particularly when the number of transmitter antennas is two, a novel concept called a uniquely factorable constellation pair (UFCP) is first proposed for the systematic design of a noncoherent full diversity collaborative unitary space-time block code by normalizing two Alamouti codes. It is proved that such a unitary UFCP code assures the unique identification of both channel coefficients and transmitted signals in a noise-free case as well as full diversity for the noncoherent maximum likelihood (ML) receiver in a noise case. To further improve error performance, an optimal unitary UFCP code is designed by appropriately and uniquely factorizing a pair of energy-efficient cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations to maximize the coding gain subject to a transmission bit rate constraint. After a deep investigation of the fractional coding gain function, a technical approach developed in this thesis to maximizing the coding gain is to carefully design an energy scale to compress the first three largest energy points in the corner of the QAM constellations in the denominator of the objective as well as carefully design a constellation triple forming two UFCPs, with one collaborating with the other two so as to make the accumulated minimum Euclidean distance along the two transmitter antennas in the numerator of the objective as large as possible and at the same time, to avoid as many corner points of the QAM constellations with the largest energy as possible to achieve the minimum of the numerator. In other words, the optimal coding gain is attained by intelligent constellations collaboration and efficient energy compression. Another contribution of this thesis is to generalize the design for the two transmitter antennas into that of the noncoherent system with any even number of transmitter antennas. Using the Alamouti coding scheme and the Toeplitz matrix structure, a novel noncoherent nonunitary space-time block code, which is called an Alamoutibased Toeplitz space-time block code, is proposed. By the fundamentals of Galois theory and algebraic number theory, two important properties on the two Alamouti codes generated from a pair of coprime phase shift keying (PSK) constellations, i.e., the uniqueness of factorization itself and the shift-invariant uniqueness of factorization, are first revealed and rigorously proved. Then, it is further shown that it is these two kinds of the unique factorizations that enable the unique blind identification of both the channel coefficients and the transmitted signals by only processing two block received signals as well as noncoherent full diversity with a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) receiver. In addition, a full diversity unitary code design is also proposed by simply applying the QR decomposition to the full diversity nonunitary Alamoutibased Toeplitz space-time block code. Computer simulations demonstrate that error performance of both optimal unitary UFCP code and Alamouti-based Toeplitz code presented in this thesis outperform those of the differential code and the SNR-efficient training code, which is the best code in current literatures for the system.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The SKYBRIDGE constellation will establish telecommunication and TTC links in Kuband, without any exclusive allocation of spectrum: jamming avoidance techniques are used in order to protect the geostationary satellites and associated ground stations that work in the same band. This paper presents the studies that have been carried out at system level.

This thesis makes use of the unique reregulation of pharmaceutical monopoly in Sweden to critically examine intraindustry firm heterogeneity. It contributes to existing divestiture research as it studies the dynamism in between reconfigurations of value constellations and its effects on value creation of divested pharmacies. Because the findings showed that the predominant theory of intraindustry firm heterogeneity could not explain firm performance, the value constellation concept was applied as it captured the phenomena. A patterned finding informed how reconfigurations of value constellations in a reregulated market characterized by strict rules, regulations, and high competition did not generate additional value for firms on short term. My study unveils that value creation is hampered in situations where rules and regulations significantly affect firms’ ability to reconfigure their value constellations. The key practical implication is an alternative perspective on fundamental aspects of the reregulation and how policy-makers may impede firm performance and the intended creation of new value for not only firms but for society as a whole. / <p>Grade: A</p>

This thesis makes use of the unique reregulation of pharmaceutical monopoly in Sweden to critically examine intraindustry firm heterogeneity. It contributes to existing divestiture research as it studies the dynamism in between reconfigurations of value constellations and its effects on value creation of divested pharmacies. Because the findings showed that the predominant theory of intraindustry firm heterogeneity could not explain firm performance, the value constellation concept was applied as it captured the phenomena. A patterned finding informed how reconfigurations of value constellations in a reregulated market characterized by strict rules, regulations, and high competition did not generate additional value for firms on short term. My study unveils that value creation is hampered in situations where rules and regulations significantly affect firms’ ability to reconfigure their value constellations. The key practical implication is an alternative perspective on fundamental aspects of the reregulation and how policy-makers may impede firm performance and the intended creation of new value for not only firms but for society as a whole. / <p>Betyg: A</p>

Book Summary: In this book, supervisors share more than 50 activities for thesupervision of group work. Activities are organized across foursections: Facilitating Group Development and Process, Model-Based Interventions, Theory-Based Interventions, and Expressive/Creative Arts in Supervision. The group development activities aredesigned to assist supervisors in their ability to recognize andfacilitate the group process, whereas the model- and theory-basedactivities will help supervisors ground their group work in familiarcounseling and supervision frameworks. The activities in theExpressive/Creative Arts section contain action-based methods foruse in the supervision of group work. Published by the Association forSpecialists in Group Work.

Achieving a higher transmission rate had always been a goal in the field of communications. Having a two-way channel in which two nodes transmit and receive data at the same time, is an important tool to achieve this goal. A two-way channel is the first step from point-to-point communication channel toward multi-user networks. In its ideal form, we can transmit data two times faster by using a perfect two-way channel. However, the area of two-way channels had not been of interest of researchers during the past years and number of articles on this area is considerably low comparing to other types of multi-user communication networks, such as multiple-access channel, broadcast channel and interference channel. On the other hand, use of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) is a must in modern systems to enable us to analyze data faster; nevertheless, presence of ADC add some other difficulties to the system. In this thesis, different scenarios about two-way channel are studied. The Shannon's model of two-way channel and his inner and outer bounds on the capacity of this channel are presented. For the Gaussian Two-Way Channel with quantized output, in which the ambient noise has a Gaussian distribution, the expression of Shannon's inner bound for both Gaussian and discrete inputs are derived. The best uniform quantizer to obtain the maximum achievable rate for Gaussian input is found numerically. Then we will evaluate the additive noise model for the quantizer from an information theoretic point of view. For the discrete input, the method of rotating one input with respect to other one is employed to enlarge the achievable rate region. At last, two scenarios will be studied in which, minimizing the power of interference, does not necessarily maximizes the transmission rate.