Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-05-09T19:03:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 107110001.pdf: 3453553 bytes, checksum: fb266cf11dce80833ef41b2adb20cd21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-09T19:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 107110001.pdf: 3453553 bytes, checksum: fb266cf11dce80833ef41b2adb20cd21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / As distribuidoras de energia elétrica devem estar preparadas para restabelecer o fornecimento de forma ágil, sempre respeitando os critérios de segurança e os índices de continuidade e qualidade compatíveis com o estabelecido na legislação vigente. A possibilidade de localizar defeitos remotamente acelera o processo de restabelecimento. Apesar dos próprios relés e religadores microprocessados fornecerem uma indicação com base na impedância de curto-circuito, ela não é precisa para sistemas de distribuição, uma vez que as redes apresentam várias bifurcações (ramais) protegidas por elementos fusíveis e diferentes bitolas de condutores. Entretanto, atualmente há vários métodos como revelam as pesquisas, que tentam estabelecer maior precisão dos dados e resultados ali envolvidos, buscando criar uma inovação e satisfação às empresas do setor elétrico. Assim, a proposta deste projeto é desenvolver uma metodologia diferencial para localização de faltas em redes de distribuição a partir de estudos da rede combinados com a monitoração remota de dispositivos de proteção (relés e religadores microprocessados). Estas variáveis de entrada: corrente de carga (corrente pré-falta), corrente de curto-circuito, corrente pós-falta; serão obtidas em tempo real pelo SCADA no momento da ocorrência de uma falta na rede. As medidas obtidas serão comparadas e classificadas por Mapas Auto-Organizáveis ou SOM (Self-Organizing Map) de acordo com os padrões de dados simulados pelos estudos da rede. A partir do método proposto será possível estimar o local do defeito ocorrido na rede elétrica por meio do mapa que melhor se identifica com os dados medidos. Essa pesquisa foi aplicada no estudo de caso de uma concessionária da região central gaúcha, a qual alcançou resultados bastante satisfatórios, obtidos a partir de dados reais. / The power utilities must be prepared to restore the supply in an agile way constantly respecting the safety criteria and indexes of continuity and quality consistent with the current legislation. The ability to remotely locate defects accelerates this healing process. Despite own microprocessor relays and reclosers provide an indication based on the short circuit impedance, it is not applicable to distribution systems, since the networks present various bifurcations (branch lines) protected by fuse elements and different wire gauges. However, today there are several methods such as surveys show, trying to establish more precisely the data and results here involved, seeking to create an innovation and satisfaction to the electric companies. Thus, the aim of this project is to develop a methodology for distinct fault location in distribution feeders. It will combine network studies with remote monitoring of protective devices (microprocessor relays and reclosers). These input variables: load current (pre-fault current), short circuit current, post-fault current; will be obtained in real time by SCADA when a fault occurs in the network. These measures will be compared and ranked by Self- Organizing Maps (SOM) according to the patterns obtained by simulation studies of the network. With this method, it will be possible to assess the location of the defect occurring in the power grid, identifying the best map that resembles with the measured data. This research was applied in a power utility in the South of Brazil as case study, which achieved satisfactory results obtained from real data.

The necessity of cost effective, environmentally friendly technology has become increasingly important to remediate persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The emerging greener ultrasound technology has the potential to serve the remediation industry. In this study, the use of low power, high frequency (HF) ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 145 W/L) has been shown to effectively remediate DDT (90% of 8 mg/L) in water and sand slurries. Addition of iron powder accelerated DDT degradation in the sand slurry under ultrasonication. The potential of HF ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 160 W/L) in degradation of the non-volatile, polar model compound methylene blue (MB) was studied in MB spiked demineralised water and wastewater. A 70 % of 0.4 mg/L of MB was degraded in demineralised water whereas only 54% of MB degraded in MB spiked wastewater. There was a decrease in MB degradation rate with an increase in MB concentration. High power, low frequency (LF) ultrasound (20 kHz, 932 W/L) was used to desorb 400 mg/L of DDT added to three different natural soil slurries at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt. % each. Each soil slurry was prepared in 0.1% v/v SDS surfactant solution, soaked for 30 min. and heated for another 30 min. at 40 oC before sonication. For the neutral pH soil slurry with higher dissolved organic carbon, the desorption efficiency achieved was over 80% in 30 s sonication. Alkaline soil with higher surface area than neutral soil indicated 60% desorption efficiency while the acidic soil, with the highest surface area and a higher amount of non-soluble organic matter, yielded 30% desorption efficiency under similar desorption conditions. Coconut fibre, used to biosorb the desorbed DDT in the decanted solution, was found to have over 25 g/kg of biosorption capacity for DDT. The surfactant SDS and associated DDT were completely separated from decanted liquid of the desorbed slurry with alum using adsorptive micellar flocculation in 60 min. settling. Acidic pH and molar concentration ratio of Al3+/SDS = 0.5 was used to completely remove the DDT. Using 20 kHz, 1125 W/L of sonication in an 80 mL reactor with air saturated 50 mg/L DDT at 20oC, the DDT removal efficiency achieved was 80% in 20 min. With zero valent iron addition, DDT removal efficiency in 15 min. is 100% with 15 and 22 mg/L of initial DDT concentrations. The settled DDT slurrywas remediated using 20 kHz at 240 W/L achieving DDT removal efficiency of 87% in 15 min. Also LF ultrasound was found to be effective in remediating chloroform (8 mg/L in 60 min) from spiked demineralised water and contaminated groundwater in both batch (120 W/L) and flow cell (6000 W/L) modes. Modeling and simulation of the ultrasonic reactor under 20 kHz ultrasonication was performed for various shape reactors using commercially available software. For almost all reactors, the highest ultrasonic intensity was observed near the transducer???s vibrating area. It was found that the highest acoustic pressure distribution, which is critical to the performance of the reactor, occurred in the conical reactor and flow cell configuration. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2010

The necessity of cost effective, environmentally friendly technology has become increasingly important to remediate persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The emerging greener ultrasound technology has the potential to serve the remediation industry. In this study, the use of low power, high frequency (HF) ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 145 W/L) has been shown to effectively remediate DDT (90% of 8 mg/L) in water and sand slurries. Addition of iron powder accelerated DDT degradation in the sand slurry under ultrasonication. The potential of HF ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 160 W/L) in degradation of the non-volatile, polar model compound methylene blue (MB) was studied in MB spiked demineralised water and wastewater. A 70 % of 0.4 mg/L of MB was degraded in demineralised water whereas only 54% of MB degraded in MB spiked wastewater. There was a decrease in MB degradation rate with an increase in MB concentration. High power, low frequency (LF) ultrasound (20 kHz, 932 W/L) was used to desorb 400 mg/L of DDT added to three different natural soil slurries at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt. % each. Each soil slurry was prepared in 0.1% v/v SDS surfactant solution, soaked for 30 min. and heated for another 30 min. at 40 oC before sonication. For the neutral pH soil slurry with higher dissolved organic carbon, the desorption efficiency achieved was over 80% in 30 s sonication. Alkaline soil with higher surface area than neutral soil indicated 60% desorption efficiency while the acidic soil, with the highest surface area and a higher amount of non-soluble organic matter, yielded 30% desorption efficiency under similar desorption conditions. Coconut fibre, used to biosorb the desorbed DDT in the decanted solution, was found to have over 25 g/kg of biosorption capacity for DDT. The surfactant SDS and associated DDT were completely separated from decanted liquid of the desorbed slurry with alum using adsorptive micellar flocculation in 60 min. settling. Acidic pH and molar concentration ratio of Al3+/SDS = 0.5 was used to completely remove the DDT. Using 20 kHz, 1125 W/L of sonication in an 80 mL reactor with air saturated 50 mg/L DDT at 20oC, the DDT removal efficiency achieved was 80% in 20 min. With zero valent iron addition, DDT removal efficiency in 15 min. is 100% with 15 and 22 mg/L of initial DDT concentrations. The settled DDT slurrywas remediated using 20 kHz at 240 W/L achieving DDT removal efficiency of 87% in 15 min. Also LF ultrasound was found to be effective in remediating chloroform (8 mg/L in 60 min) from spiked demineralised water and contaminated groundwater in both batch (120 W/L) and flow cell (6000 W/L) modes. Modeling and simulation of the ultrasonic reactor under 20 kHz ultrasonication was performed for various shape reactors using commercially available software. For almost all reactors, the highest ultrasonic intensity was observed near the transducer???s vibrating area. It was found that the highest acoustic pressure distribution, which is critical to the performance of the reactor, occurred in the conical reactor and flow cell configuration. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2010

The necessity of cost effective, environmentally friendly technology has become increasingly important to remediate persistent organic pollutants in the environment. The emerging greener ultrasound technology has the potential to serve the remediation industry. In this study, the use of low power, high frequency (HF) ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 145 W/L) has been shown to effectively remediate DDT (90% of 8 mg/L) in water and sand slurries. Addition of iron powder accelerated DDT degradation in the sand slurry under ultrasonication. The potential of HF ultrasound (1.6 MHz, 160 W/L) in degradation of the non-volatile, polar model compound methylene blue (MB) was studied in MB spiked demineralised water and wastewater. A 70 % of 0.4 mg/L of MB was degraded in demineralised water whereas only 54% of MB degraded in MB spiked wastewater. There was a decrease in MB degradation rate with an increase in MB concentration. High power, low frequency (LF) ultrasound (20 kHz, 932 W/L) was used to desorb 400 mg/L of DDT added to three different natural soil slurries at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt. % each. Each soil slurry was prepared in 0.1% v/v SDS surfactant solution, soaked for 30 min. and heated for another 30 min. at 40 oC before sonication. For the neutral pH soil slurry with higher dissolved organic carbon, the desorption efficiency achieved was over 80% in 30 s sonication. Alkaline soil with higher surface area than neutral soil indicated 60% desorption efficiency while the acidic soil, with the highest surface area and a higher amount of non-soluble organic matter, yielded 30% desorption efficiency under similar desorption conditions. Coconut fibre, used to biosorb the desorbed DDT in the decanted solution, was found to have over 25 g/kg of biosorption capacity for DDT. The surfactant SDS and associated DDT were completely separated from decanted liquid of the desorbed slurry with alum using adsorptive micellar flocculation in 60 min. settling. Acidic pH and molar concentration ratio of Al3+/SDS = 0.5 was used to completely remove the DDT. Using 20 kHz, 1125 W/L of sonication in an 80 mL reactor with air saturated 50 mg/L DDT at 20oC, the DDT removal efficiency achieved was 80% in 20 min. With zero valent iron addition, DDT removal efficiency in 15 min. is 100% with 15 and 22 mg/L of initial DDT concentrations. The settled DDT slurrywas remediated using 20 kHz at 240 W/L achieving DDT removal efficiency of 87% in 15 min. Also LF ultrasound was found to be effective in remediating chloroform (8 mg/L in 60 min) from spiked demineralised water and contaminated groundwater in both batch (120 W/L) and flow cell (6000 W/L) modes. Modeling and simulation of the ultrasonic reactor under 20 kHz ultrasonication was performed for various shape reactors using commercially available software. For almost all reactors, the highest ultrasonic intensity was observed near the transducer???s vibrating area. It was found that the highest acoustic pressure distribution, which is critical to the performance of the reactor, occurred in the conical reactor and flow cell configuration. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2010

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2018-01-31T16:58:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T16:58:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A relação entre a poluição atmosférica e a saúde vem sendo estudada há muitos anos em grandes cidades ao redor de todo o mundo e recentemente em regiões de intensa queima de biomassa. Porto Nacional é um município do estado do Tocantins que vem sofrendo expressivo crescimento em decorrência da expansão da cultura de grãos. Está incluso no bioma cerrado, onde é costume o uso do fogo para limpeza dos campos de agricultura. O lidar é uma ferramenta que vem sendo usada para estudo do perfil óptico atmosférico mundialmente, não havendo registros de sua utilização no cerrado. Junto com o lidar, costuma-se também utilizar a análise de filtros de impactação de aerossóis para determinação da composição e concentração de material particulado, o qual está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de doenças respiratórias.Também não havia sido investigada a correlação das queimadas no Tocantins com a saúde respiratória da população. Esse estudo visa analisar o perfil óptico e químico dos aerossóis provenientes das queimadas na região e correlacionar as internações por doenças respiratórias com o número de focos de incêndio no município de Porto Nacional e no estado do Tocantins. Para isso, foram utilizados um sistema lidar móvel, dados dos sistemas MODIS e CALIPSO e filtros de impactação de aerossóis instalados em Porto Nacional, dados de queimadas do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais e de saúde do banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram registradas com o uso do lidar camadas de aerossóis em agosto de 2015 a uma altitude de 2 a 3,5 km, com predomínio de poeira contaminada, resultado da mistura de poeira da crosta e produto de queimadas. A análise química dos aerossóis mostrou aumento de black carbon e óxidos de alumínio e sílicio em setembro/2013 e aumento de óxido de enxofre em dezembro de 2015. Através das análises de modelos lineares generalizados e correlação de Pearson, não foi encontrada relação entre o número de focos de incêndio e as internações por doenças respiratórias, apesar da significância estatística dos dados colhidos ter sido confirmada pelo stepwise. Sugere-se aprofundamento do estudo através da coleta direta de dados de saúde respiratória diários e de atendimento em pronto socorro. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

I detta examensarbete har en undersökning utförts på konsultföretaget ÅF, och deras arbetssätt inom dokumentation och kontrollanläggningar för att utreda om det fanns effektiviseringspotentialer. Undersökningen har i största del innefattat intervjuer med verksamma konsulter inom kontrollanläggningar och elmontage på transformatorstationer. Konsulterna arbetade som konstruktörer och tog fram ritningar främst till kontrollutrustningar. Resultatet från intervjuerna analyserades för att sedan dra slutsatser om effektiviseringsmöjligheter inom verksamheten. Olika kontor i verksamheten undersöktes och arbetssättet varierade på de olika kontoren. En skillnad var det CAD-program som användes och ett förslag var att använda samma program. Effektiviseringspotentialer fanns också genom att återanvända kretsscheman till viss del från föregående projekt. Ett annat förslag var därför att införa databaser där kretsscheman kan samlas in och delas mellan de olika kontoren. / In this thesis, a study has been carried out for the consulting company ÅF, and their work method within documentation and control facilities to investigate whether there were any potential for efficiency improvements. The investigation has largely involved interviews with operating consultants within the control facility on substations. The consultants worked as electrical designers and produced drawings mainly for control equipment. The results of the interviews were analyzed to draw conclusions about the efficiency potentials within the business. Different offices in the business were examined and the work approach varied between the offices. One difference was the CAD-software used and a suggestion was to use the same program. Efficiency improvement potentials were also by re-using electrical schematics to some extent from previous projects and another suggestion was to establish databases where electrical schematics can be gathered and shared between the different offices.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-21T12:55:48Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-21T12:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O reator IEA-R1 do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPENCNEN/ SP) é um reator de pesquisa tipo piscina aberta, projetado e construído pela empresa norte-americana \"Babcock & Wilcox\", tendo, como refrigerante e moderador, água leve deionizada e berílio e grafite como refletores. Até cerca de 1988, os sistemas de segurança do reator recebiam alimentação de uma única fonte de energia. Nos anos de 1989 e 1990, uma reforma de modernização do sistema elétrico para aumentar a potência do reator e, também, para atender às normas técnicas da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) foi realizada. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar a relação entre o sistema de energia elétrica e a segurança do reator IEA-R1. Além disso, ele demonstra que, caso ocorra alguma interrupção de energia elétrica durante a operação do reator, esta ocorrência não irá começar um evento de acidente. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP