<p>Eritreans have been subjected to limited and unequal education provision. throughout their hundred years of colonial history. It was expected that in post-independence Eritrea education provision would be equitably provided to all the regions and ethnic groups in the country. The focus of the thesis is on understanding disparities in provision in primary schooling with particular emphasis on ethno-regional disparities and what precipitate these inequalities. This thesis presents an account of the state of primary schooling in Eritrea between 1992 and 2001.</p>

The aim of sustainable development can be summarized as meeting the needs of the present generation, without destroying the needs of the future generations (Brundtland in WCED :1987:5). The different indicators of sustainable development, as formulated by the United Nations documents, are discussed. These include poverty alleviation, health care, education, security, good governance and trade. The study lists protection of the environment as a sustainable development indicator. This refers to the protection of the atmosphere, the correct usage of land which involves agriculture, the sustainability of water as well as the protection of fauna and flora. It identifies these indicators in the primary sources of Islam. The study shows that sustainable development was a feature of early development in the Muslim World. It then uncovers the major factors that contributed to environmental degradation in Muslim countries in the late twentieth century as well as some of its consequences. Finally, the study looks at some of the major challenges that sustainable development poses to Muslim countries. It delineates the obstacles that Muslim countries themselves have recognised, and identifies proposals by Muslim scholars to promote sustainable development. It suggests measures which could facilitate sustainable development by endorsing what are considered globally as essential principles of sustainable development as well as adopting local processes. The declarations endorsed by Muslim rulers on sustainable development are analyzed. The study suggests that the approaches of the scholars in combination with the declarations could form the basis of a new paradigm of development in the Muslim world based on Islamic principles and values. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1960.

The global burden of road traffic casualties is estimated at US$5l8 billion in direct economic costs. Road traffic crashes are now preventable and predictable as demonstrated by the existence of many proven and cost effective intervention strategies, a result of three decades of research and development in high income countries. While remarkable progress has been made towards the provision of safe, sustainable and affordable means of transport in high income countries where road traffic deaths are on a declining trend, the global road traffic safety situation is however expected to get worse by 2020, in view of increasing deaths in the low to middle income countries, due to rapid motorization against the background of inadequate road infrastructure with poorly maintained roads, passive traffic law enforcement and corruption, inadequate health services, lack of funds, and inadequate data collection and research. These countries have thus experienced little or no success in resolving the problem of road traffic safety. Since South Africa falls into this latter category, this paper supports the thesis that the issue with road traffic deaths and injuries is a global problem requiring national capacity to be part of a global cooperation and responsibility. Given the recent institutionalized framework for planning, organizing and implementing the strategy for road safety management (the Road to Safety 20012005), the relatively high mortality rate of 27 per 100000 population and the R13.8 billion in direct social costs to the economy, remains the challenge to build a strong political advocacy to enable the achievement of conditions for a sustainable national road safety capacity to manage road traffic safety. This calls for a comprehensive set of cost effective countermeasures. Most country successes have had a good political will complemented by a systems approach. Despite a good start with the Road to Safety 2001-2005, successes and mistakes made in high income countries as well as in low to middle income countries, can benefit South Africa in the design and implementation of a multisectoral national road safety strategy with the health sector playing a major role, in order to achieve significant reductions in road traffic deaths and injuries on our roads. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

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Natural disasters have potentially large economic impacts on developing nations. Thereis a small, but growing literature analyzing these impacts on variables such as gross domesticproduct. In this study Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, andNicaragua are studied to measure the impact that disasters have had on economic growth overthe past twenty-nine years (1970-1998). The development indicator, gross domestic product(GDP) growth rate, will be measured over the twenty-nine year study period and analyzed withrespect to correlation with natural disasters. Regression analysis is used to investigate therelationship between natural disasters and economic growth.It is hypothesized that the number of natural disasters that a country faces has a negativeimpact on economic growth rate as measured by GDP. As the quantity of disasters experiencedin any given year increases the overall disruption of the economy is predicted to be greater, thusleading to lower levels of economic growth in the short term.

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