Le droit contemporain de la conjugalité est fondé sur un principe de pluralisme. Néanmoins, la notion de couple est de plus en plus prégnante. Le mariage, le pacte civil de solidarité et le concubinage apparaissent ainsi comme le reflet d’une conjugalité qui se veut plurielle, dont les effets sont progressifs mais qui est de plus en plus contrarié par l’unité de la notion de couple. D’ailleurs, les relations patrimoniales quotidiennes des époux, des partenaires pacsés et des concubins sont organisées autour des mêmes principes : un renforcement des collaborations économiques et des exigences de protection patrimoniale. Il peut alors être proposé d’introduire au Code civil, de lege ferenda, une définition unitaire de la notion de couple ainsi qu’un socle de règles applicables à tous les couples, sans égard pour leur mode de conjugalité. Les relations patrimoniales quotidiennes du couple seraient ainsi régies par des règles identiques conformément à l’unité de la notion de couple. L’unité de la notion de couple n’efface cependant pas totalement le principe de pluralisme des conjugalités. Malgré le rapprochement des dispositions du mariage et du PACS, ces deux modes de conjugalités institutionnels répondent de modèles patrimoniaux différents. Passée l’organisation des relations patrimoniales quotidiennes, chaque époux a en effet vocation à participer à l’enrichissement réalisé par l’autre pendant l’union. En revanche, la participation de chaque partenaire à l’enrichissement de l’autre est réduite aux seules opérations d’investissement. / The contemporary law of conjugality is based on a principle of pluralism. Nevertheless, the notion of “couple” is increasingly significant. Indeed, marriage, civil partnership (PACS) and cohabitation appear as a reflection of a conjugality which claims to be plural and with gradual effects. But the latter is increasingly hindered by the unity of the notion of couple. Besides, the daily patrimonial relations of spouses, civil partners and unmarried partners are organised around the same principles: strengthening economic collaborations and assigning the appropriate patrimonial protection. Therefore it may be considered to introduce in the Civil code, de lege ferenda, a unitary definition of the notion of couple as well as a set of common rules for all couples, regardless of their form of conjugality. The daily patrimonial relations of all couples would subsequently be governed by the same rules according to the unity of the notion of couple. However, the unity of the notion of couple does not completely erase the principle of pluralism of conjugalities. Despite the convergence between marriage and civil partnership, both those institutional modes of conjugalities rely on different economic models. Indeed, set aside the daily patrimonial organization, in a marital situation each spouse is entitled to a participation in the enrichment achieved by the other during the union - whereas the participation of each civil partner in the other’s enrichment is strictly limited to the investment operations.

Chaque religion possède son histoire, ses principes qui déterminent ses croyances, ses pratiques et surtout les origines et les parcours religieux des individus. Ainsi, les éducations religieuses enseignent aux personnes un dogme à respecter au quotidien. Le partage d'une vie à deux fait également partie des règles religieuses ou des normes établies auxquelles, il ne faut pas déroger. Quelles conséquences a sur le lien social la rencontre de différentes confessions : « panthéistes » et « monothéistes » dont la cohabitation fait la renommée de l'île de La Réunion. Cette multicultualité prend aussi corps dans les liens conjugaux. Notre étude s'intéresse, de fait, aux unions formées par des conjoints d'origines religieuses différentes, appelés encore : couple mixte. Cette étude sur la mixité religieuse, en société créole, prend pour support les religions prédominantes de La Réunion, à savoir : le catholicisme, le protestantisme, l'islam et l'hindouisme. Cette enquête sur les couples mixtes démontre comment deux individus ayant affirmés des identités religieuses différentes ne réussissent à construire un mode de vie conjugal qu'au prix de plusieurs stratégies. L'originalité des unions mixtes est analysée grâce à une méthodologie de type qualitatif ainsi des campagnes d'entretiens ont été menées. Les résultats de ce travail de terrain permettent d'analyser l'expérience du vécu conjugal à travers les religions. Loin de se faire de façon immédiate, en situation de mixité religieuse, la construction d'une conjugalité religieuse est faite de transformations, de décisions, d'obligations, d'éducations, de conflits, de régulations… C'est ce travail d'ajustement et de réajustement que vise à décrire puis à comprendre et expliquer cette étude. / Every religion has its stories, its principles which determine its beliefs, practices and especially the origins and the religious processes of individuals. Thus, religious educations teach people a dogma to be respected on a daily basis. The sharing of a life together is also part of religious rules or of established norms to which, one should not depart from.What consequences does the meeting of various confessions has on social link: « pantheistic » and « monotheistic » of which the cohabitation makes the fame of Reunion Island. This multiculturalism also takes shape in the matrimonial bonds. In fact, our study takes an interest, in unions formed by spouses of different religious origins, still called: mixed couple.This study on the religious diversity, in the Creole society, takes for support the predominant religions of Reunion Island, namely: Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam and Hinduism. This enquiry on mixed couples shows how two individuals having asserted different religious identities manage to build a marital lifestyle only at the price of several strategies.The originality of mixed unions is analyzed thanks to a qualitative methodology thus a campaign of interviews was conducted. The results of this fieldwork allow to analyse the experience of the conjugal life through the religions. Far from being immediately performed, in a situation of religious diversity, the construction of a religious conjugality is made of changes, decisions, obligations, educations, conflicts, regulations... It is this work of adjustment and readjustment that this study aims at describing then understanding and explaining.

L'effectuation est la première théorie originale de l'entrepreneuriat dont les problématiques entourant sa nature ont compromis le développement de ses hypothèses d'utilisation. Basées sur l'incertitude initiale du couple produit-marché, elles n'ont pas fait l'objet de suffisamment de tests empiriques. L'ambition de cette recherche est d'améliorer la capacité normative de l'effectuation, en poursuivant l'exploration de son lien avec l'incertitude du couple produit-marché. L'objectif scientifique est double :- Tester les hypothèses d'utilisation sur des couples produits-marchés à l'incertitude initiale variée.- Proposer et tester de nouvelles hypothèses d'utilisation fondées sur l'incertitude du couple produit-marché en création.Des choix théoriques ont été fait, traduisant notre volonté de dépasser les approches philosophiques successives et d'ancrer la recherche à trois nouveaux modèles : ceux d'Hogarth, de Davidson et de Bhaskar. La méthodologie quasi-qualitative retenue permet de concilier la double finalité de la recherche, avec la nécessité de recourir à la méthode des cas pour capturer l'intégralité du concept. La stratégie de recherche repose sur les préconisations de Yin et les techniques de Miles et Huberman, garantissant un bon niveau de validité et de fiabilité des résultats. La thèse s'appuie sur l'analyse et la comparaison de six cas de création d'entreprises, présentant au démarrage une incertitude variée de leur couple produit-marché. Les résultats obtenus s'articulent autour de deux points :- L'enrichissement de la thèse effectuale avec des sous-bassement théoriques nouveaux.- Le renforcement de sa capacité normative avec deux nouvelles séries d'hypothèses d'utilisation fondées sur 1) l'incertitude initiale du couple produit-marché et 2) l'incertitude du couple produit-marché mesurée durant le processus.Plus généralement, nous avons montré l'importance de l'utilisation de l'effectuation dans la création d'entreprises par des entrepreneurs novices. / Effectuation is the first original theory of entrepreneurship, but the problems surrounding its very nature have compromised the development of its hypotheses of usage. Based on the initial uncertainty of the product-market couple, it has not be the subject of sufficient empirical testing. The objective of this research is to improve the normative capacity of effectuation, by furthering the exploration of its link with the uncertainty of the product-market couple. The scientific goal is twofold:- To test the hypotheses of the usage of the product-market couples against the variable initial uncertainty.- To propose and test the new hypotheses of usage, founded on the uncertainty of the product–market couples in creation.Theoretical choices have been made, translating our wish to surpass the successive philosophical approaches and to anchor the research in three new models: those of Hogarth, Davidson and Bhaskar. The quasi-qualitative methodology retained, enables the conciliation of the double finality of the research, with the necessity to use the case study method to seize the whole concept. The research strategy relies on the recommendations stated by Yin and the techniques of Miles and Huberman, guaranteeing a high level of validity and reliability of the results. The theory relies on the analysis and the comparison of six cases of enterprise creation, presenting at the start a varied uncertainty of their product-market couple. The results obtained hinge on two points:- The enrichment of the effectual theory with new theoretical foundations.- The reinforcement of its normative capacity with two new series of usage hypotheses founded on 1) the initial uncertainty of the product-market couple and 2) the uncertainty of the product-market couple measured during the process.More generally we have shown the importance of the use of effectuation in the creation of enterprises by novice entrepreneurs.

Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT; Johnson, 2004) is an empirically validated approach to couple therapy that uses attachment theory to understand the needs and emotions of romantic partners. In EFT, relationship distress is conceptualized as resulting from negative affect, emotional disconnection, and unmet attachment needs. Although EFT is recognized as one of the most researched and effective approaches to couple therapy, little research has examined theoretically related characteristics of couples to changes in marital satisfaction throughout EFT. The present doctoral thesis examined this area of literature. Thirty-two couples were provided approximately 21 sessions of EFT. The goal of the first study was to identify intake characteristics related to change in marital satisfaction over the course of EFT. Couples completed self-report measures of marital satisfaction, attachment security, relationship trust, and emotional control at pre- and post-therapy and after each therapy session. Individuals higher on self-report attachment anxiety and higher levels of emotional control had greater change in marital satisfaction over the course of EFT. The goal of the second study was to examine intake levels of attachment security and its relationship to the occurrence of the blamer-softening event, a key change event in EFT, and changes in marital satisfaction. Results indicated that the occurrence of a blamer-softening event significantly predicted positive changes in marital satisfaction. Results also suggested that the occurrence of a softening event significantly moderated the relationship between attachment avoidance at intake and change in marital satisfaction from pre- to post-therapy. For couples who completed a blamer-softening event, partners with lower levels of attachment avoidance were more likely to have positive changes in marital satisfaction. However, this relationship was not evident for attachment anxiety. Overall, results from this thesis suggest that attachment security is a key characteristic of couple partners for therapists to consider when implementing EFT. Therapists may benefit from assessing attachment security at the start of therapy to help inform them of the emotion regulating strategies used by couple partners. This information may help therapists to tailor specific interventions such that couples may begin to develop more secure attachment bonds.

Over the years, many interventions have been used to ameliorate couple distress and increase relationship satisfaction. These interventions have been getting shorter in duration. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and impact of a brief intervention using a solution-focused approach (SFBT) for couples. The brief intervention included two two-hour consultations. Data were collected from 30 couples and were analyzed using a repeated measures design. The analyses yielded mixed results. There were statistically significant improvements in the areas of individual well-being and relationship knowledge. There were no significant differences in terms of marital satisfaction, communication skills, and readiness to change, although positive trends were observed in this pilot phase. Implications for future research and development are discussed.

No description available.

Remarriages are more structurally diverse, last less time, are more vulnerable, and at greater risk for divorce than first marriages. The newlywed stage of marriage is a critical time when relationship patterns are established or reinforced that can impact a relationship for years to come, yet very few studies have examined remarried relationships in the newlywed stage. This study examined the association between marital interaction, positive communication, and marital instability in 348 newlywed remarried couple participants from a nationally representative sample. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and actor-partner interdependence model with mediation (APIMeM), the findings indicated that positive communication was indirectly related to increased marital interaction and decreased marital instability. Wife and husband increased marital interaction was related to their own (individual) increased positive communication. Wife and husband increased positive communication was related to their own decreased marital instability and to their partner's decreased marital instability. These findings suggest that marital interaction and positive communication are important factors in promoting marital stability in newlywed remarriages. Implications for relationship educators and therapists are proposed.

Le présent mémoire doctoral a comme principal objectif de déterminer si la dynamique d'attachement entre les deux conjoints (i.e., le pairage des styles d'attachement de chacun : sécure, préoccupé, craintif et détaché) permet de mieux rendre compte de l'insatisfaction sexuelle que le style d'attachement de chacun, pris séparément. Afin d'y parvenir, les conjoints seront pairés quant à leur style d'attachement afin de créer des pairages (3 et 16 pairages). Par la suite, ces pairages seront comparés sur le plan de leur insatisfaction sexuelle tout en tenant compte du genre des conjoints et de certaines covariables (durée de la relation et statut marital). L'échantillon de l'étude se compose de 1078 individus hétérosexuels qui consultent en psychothérapie conjugale (539 couples). Deux questionnaires (le Questionnaire sur les expériences d'attachement amoureux (QEAA) (Experiences in close relationships (ECR) ; Brennan, et al., 1998; traduit par Lafontaine & Lussier, 2003) et le Questionnaire de Hudson (Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS); Hudson, 1978; traduit par Comeau & Boisvert, 1985)) sont utilisés afin de mesurer les représentations d'attachement des participants et le degré de l'insatisfaction d'un individu par rapport à sa relation avec un partenaire. Dans un premier temps, une analyse factorielle exploratoire permet de vérifier que le Questionnaire de Hudson comporte une seule composante dans sa structure. Ensuite, une ANOVA à mesures répétées pour le genre des participants (3 (pairage) X 2 (femmes vs hommes)) détermine s'il existe des différences de moyennes entre les dyades d'attachement, et ce, selon le sexe. Les résultats montrent que les pairages vivant le plus d'insatisfaction sexuelle sont celles composés de deux conjoints insécures et ceux étant plus satisfaits sont ceux unissant deux partenaires sécures. Enfin, une ANOVA à mesures répétées pour le genre des participants (16 (pairage) X 2 (femmes vs hommes)) est employée dans le but de déterminer s'il existe des différences de moyennes entre les dyades d'attachement des participants. Les femmes les plus satisfaites sont les femmes préoccupées jumelées à un homme sécure et celles les plus insatisfaites sexuellement sont dans un pairage craintive-craintif. Chez les hommes, les satisfaits sexuellement sont issus du pairage composé d'une femme préoccupée et d'un homme préoccupé et ceux étant les plus insatisfaits de leur sexualité sont les détachés jumelés à une femme détachée. Les analyses présentement également les taux de prévalence des types d'attachement, mais aussi des pairages de ces mêmes représentations, et ce, dans une population clinique. Le type d'attachement sécure semble donc avoir un effet protecteur pour l'insatisfaction sexuelle, tout comme le style préoccupé. Toutefois, la détresse sexuelle apparaît être plus présente au sein des types détaché et craintif.

While previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between partners' emotion regulation and overall well-being, few studies provide knowledge on emotion regulation in clinical couples, especially across couple therapy sessions. With 168 heterosexual couples who attended at least the initial eight sessions of couple therapy, the current study was designed to examine the intra- and inter-personal effects of emotion regulation difficulties (i.e., lack of awareness, nonacceptance, limited strategies, and impulsivity) on the development of relationship quality over the course of couple therapy. The results of the current study provide a few important findings. First, gender differences exist in emotion regulation and relationship quality. Second, across couple therapy sessions, relationship quality improves and partners change at a similar rate. Third, emotion regulation difficulties have intra- and inter-personal effects on the starting scores and rates of change of relationship quality in the process of couple therapy. For clinical implications of findings, I specifically discussed that clinicians working with couples may find it beneficial to utilize couple therapy modalities with a specific emphasis on the emotion regulation process, such as Greenberg's version of emotionally focused couple therapy. The need for future studies with more diverse samples was also discussed.

Master of Arts / Department of Modern Languages / Amy L. Hubbell / Much of the critical work on Marie Cardinal's Les Mots pour le dire has focused primarily on the hysteria of the novel‘s narrator and her subsequent journey through psychoanalysis. More recently, research on the novel has expanded to include the issues of the narrator‘s pied-noir identity, nostalgia and memory. While such criticisms shed light on the intent of the novel, they do not necessarily explain the enigmatic and oftentimes overlooked final line of the text: "Quelques jour plus tard c‘était Mai 1968." In this thesis, I propose that this line is the key to understanding the novel; as such, I seek to re-examine Les Mots pour le dire through a feminist lens in order to explicate the seemingly malapropos reference to May 1968 and use it to explain central elements of the novel, including the narrator‘s madness, her tumultuous mother-daughter relationship and her eventual authorship. That the events of May 1968 represent one of the most subversive and socially destructive periods in recent French history as well as a giant shift towards the moral left establishes the value of revolt in Les Mots pour le dire. Specifically, I argue that Cardinal attacks the collusion of the ballasts of patriarchal society, religion, capitalism and class, and how these institutions have profited from the subjugation of women in society. When viewed in this light, the narrator‘s madness cannot simply be the product of her mother‘s psychological abuses. Instead, her madness and subsequent detachment from society symbolize the ultimate rejection of a world in which she finds herself oppressed and manipulated. She thus emerges not as a woman consumed by insanity but as a woman in revolt.