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The discovery of neutrino mixing provides the possibility of a non vanishing CP violating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix. CP violation in the leptonic sector can be large enough to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. An indirect probe of CP violation is the experimental measurement of Electric Dipole Moment (EDM). CP violation has been discovered in the quark sector,but it contributes to lepton EDM at the 3-loop level. Neutrino masses can be generated in the standard model via the see-saw mechanism where heavy right-handed neutrinos mix with the weak-basis states. The Majorana nature of the seesaw type neutrinos generates new 2-loop diagrams that lead to a non-vanishing lepton EDM. Only estimates of the resulting EDM have been done in the literature. A full calculation of the 2-loop diagrams and the exact result is presented. / Ph. D.

An alternative approach to the problem of CP-violation is presented. It is based on the possibility of spontaneous CP-breakdown in models with two Higgs doublets. General features of the phenomenon such as stability of the vacuum and the existence of a light axion are discussed. We investigate the feasibility of spontaneously broken CP in the minimal supersymmetric models - the MSSM and NMSSM. The latter is shown to be experimentally viable. The phenomenological implications of the model such as CP-violating effects in the kaon systems and a nonzero neutron electric dipole moment are studied. / Ph. D.

Decays of neutral D mesons to final states containing K + π's could provide evidence for CP-violation from a source not accounted for in the Standard Model. Due to the interference between Cabibbo-favored and Cabibbo-suppressed transitions, a decay rate asymmetry of D0 → K0S π0 compared to D0 → K0Lπ0 has been predicted to be non-zero. If New Physics interferes in doubly Cabibbo-suppressed D decays, the measurement of this asymmetry would differ from the predicted value and may provide evidence for CP-violation beyond the CKM mechanism. I present an analysis method to measure this branching fraction asymmetry, R(D0) ≡ B(D0→K0S π0)−B(D0→K0L π0)/(B(D0→K0Sπ0)+B(D0→K0Lπ0)), utilizing e+e− → cc events in the Belle dataset. / Doctor of Philosophy / The Universe appears to be made almost entirely of matter rather than antimatter; however, matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts in the Big Bang. We do not know exactly why we observe so much more matter as compared to antimatter. The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics accounts for some of the asymmetry through Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry violation, which explains how particles behave differently than their corresponding antiparticles. In the current state of the SM, some CP-violation is allowed in decays via the weak force, but the theory does not account for enough CP violation to explain the amount of matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in the Universe. Decays of a D meson to a kaon (K meson) plus one or more pions (π mesons) via a new mechanism beyond the weak force could provide evidence of a new source of CP-violation. In this analysis, I present a method for analyzing the decays of neutral D mesons to a neutral kaon and a neutral pion in the Belle dataset to test the SM.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

As telhas de cimento-amianto são utilizadas mundialmente nas construções comerciais, residenciais e industriais. O amianto foi a primeira aplicação de fibra natural em escala industrial. Esta fibra foi incorporada na forma do mineral (asbesto) como reforço de matrizes à base do cimento. O processo de fabricação de telhas de cimento-amianto mais utilizado mundialmente foi patenteado em 1900 por Ludwig Hatschek, recebendo o mesmo nome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a melhoria do processo industrial (Hatschek) de fabricação de telha de cimento-amianto, com o uso de métodos estatísticos. Inicialmente as variáveis mais influentes no processo foram identificadas empregando-se o teste de correlação de Pearson e o Cp de Mallows que permitiu a escolha do melhor subconjunto da regressão (R², R²ajustado, Cp de Mallows e o desvio padrão do modelo). A seleção dessas variáveis permitiu a construção de modelos de regressão para o processo, para as respostas resistência mecânica e densidade da telha. Devido à análise de duas respostas, foi realizada uma otimização numérica por meio da função desejabilidade (desirability function), que é baseada na idéia de que a qualidade de um produto ou processo que tem múltiplas respostas depende de encontrar as variações do processo que atendem a todas as restrições impostas, sejam elas econômicas ou normas aplicáveis ao produto final. Com o resultado da otimização estabeleceram-se faixas de variação das variáveis mais influentes, que permitissem a operação do processo sob controle. Também, pode ser concluído que para a densidade de ambas as telhas (5 mm e 6 mm) encontraram-se modelos coerentes para serem usados mesmo após alguma modificação na máquina, enquanto que para a resistência os parâmetros dos modelos devem ser reajustados sempre que houver alguma modificação durante a parada da máquina. / Roofing tiles of the asbestos cement composites are used world-wide in the commercial, residential and industrial constructions. Asbestos was the first natural fiber application in industrial scale. This fiber was incorporated into the cimentitious matrices to overcome this weakness. The manufacturing process of asbestos-cement tiles most commonly used worldwide was patented in 1900 by Ludwig Hatschek, which gave his own name to this procedure. Considering that, this study aimed to improve the manufacturing process of roofing tiles of the asbestos cement composites, using several statistical methods. Firstly, the most influent variables were identified using the Pearson Correlation test and the Mallows Cp test, which provided the choice of the best subsets regression (R ², R ² adjusted, Mallows Cp and the standard deviation of this empirical model). The selection of these variables allowed the construction of regression models for the mechanical resistance and tile density responses. In order to fulfill the requirement of an appropriate analysis for two responses, a numerical optimization by means of desirability function was applied. This optimization is based on the premise that a product quality or process having multiple responses depends on finding all the variations that fulfill the imposed constraints. Even if these constraints were economic or norms applied to the final product. The optimization results established ranges of variation including the most influents variables, i.e., the ones that allow the process to run under control. Also, we conclude that for the density of both tiles (5 mm and 6 mm) were found consistent models to be used even after some eventual change in machine. For the resistance, however, the parameters of the models must be readjusted whenever it has some modification during the shutdown of the machine.