Orientador: Marcelo de Carvalho Borba / Banca: Mônica E. Villarreal / Banca: Telma de S. Gracias / Resumo: A informática vem gerando discussões sobre fundamentos da Matemática e reorganizando dinâmicas em Educação Matemática. Baseado nessa idéia, e em meu engajamento como pesquisador participante do GPIMEM, estruturei uma pesquisa onde discuto como Estudantes-com-Calculadoras-Gráficas investigam o Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo (TFC). Apoiado na perspectiva epistemológica Seres-Humanos-com-Mídias, que evidencia o papel das tecnologias no processo de produção de conhecimento, realizei experimentos de ensino com duplas de estudantes do primeiro ano da graduação em matemática, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP. A partir da análise de vídeos da primeira sessão de Experimentos de Ensino notei que a utilização de programas e comandos da Calculadora Gráfica TI-83 condicionou o pensamento das estudantes na investigação dos conceitos de Soma de Riemann e Integração (conceitos intrinsecamente inerentes ao TFC). Na segunda sessão, explorando exemplos de funções polinomiais com o comando de integração definida da Calculadora Gráfica, os coletivos pensantes formados por Estudantes-com-Calculadoras- Gráficas-Lápis-e-Papel estabeleceram conjecturas sobre o TFC. No processo de demonstração deste Teorema, foram utilizadas noções intuitivas e notações simplificadas, antes que fosse usada a simbologia padronizada pela Matemática Acadêmica. Essa abordagem possibilitou o engajamento gradativo das estudantes em “discussões matemáticas dedutivas” a partir dos resultados obtidos “experimentalmente” com as atividades propostas na pesquisa. / Abstract: Information technology has been generating discussion regarding the foundations of mathematics, and reorganizing dynamics in mathematics education. Based on this idea, and on my engagement as a researcher participating in GPIMEM, I designed a study in which I discuss how students-with-graphing-calculators investigate the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC). Based on the epistemological perspective of humans-with-media, which emphasizes the role of technology in the process of knowledge production, I conducted teaching experiments with pairs of students enrolled in the first year of the mathematics program at the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Rio Claro campus. Based on analysis of video-tapes of the first teaching experiments session, I noted that the use of programs and commands of the TI-83 graphing calculator conditioned the students’ thinking in the inquiry into the concepts Riemann Sums and Integration (concepts intrinsically inherent to the FTC). In the second session, exploring examples of polynomial functions with the definite integration command by the graphing calculator, the thinking collectives composed of students-withgraphing- calculators-paper-and-pencil established conjectures regarding the FTC. In the process of demonstrating this theorem, intuitive notions and simplified notations were used before using the standardized symbology of academic mathematics. This approach made it possible for the students to become gradually engaged in “deductive mathematical discussions” based on the results obtained “experimentally” through the activities proposed in the study. / Mestre

This study was motivated by the latest revision of the mathematics syllabuses of the Cape Education Department. The most important changes to content in the Senior Secondary Mathematics Syllabus (July 1984) are the introduction of calculus and linear programming, the substitution of a section on analytical geometry for vector algebra and the recall of the remainder and factor theorems. The way in which these changes were introduced left the task of integrating them into the teaching process in the hands of individual teachers. This is a task of extreme importance. If one's classroom practice is to simply plough one's way through the syllabus, one loses many opportunities to make the study of mathematics meaningful and worthwhile. Accepting the view of the spiral nature of the curriculum where one returns to concepts and procedures at increasing levels of sophistication, one needs to identify the position of topics in this spiral and to trace their conceptual foundations. Analytical geometry is in particular need of this treatment. Similarly there are many opportunities for preparing for the introduction of calculus. If the teaching of calculus is left until the last moments of the Standard 10 year without proper groundwork, the pupil will be left with little time to develop an understanding of the concepts involved. It is the advent of calculators which presents the greatest challenge to mathematics education. We ignore this challenge to the detriment of our teaching. Taken seriously calculators have the potential to exert a radical influence on the content of curricula and examinations. They bring into question the time we spend on teaching arithmetic algorithms and the priority given to algebraic manipulation. Numercial methods gain new prominence. Calculators can even breathe new life into the existing curriculum. Their computing power can be harnessed not only to carry out specific calculations but also to introduce new topics and for concept reinforcement. The purpose of this study has been to bring about a proper integration of the new sections into the existing syllabus and to give some instances of how the calculator can become an integral part of the teaching/learning process

The complete solution of real/life problems starts with the specification of the problem, its expression using mathematical concepts, solving it using a mathematical apparatus and interpreting its results using the terminology of the original problem area. In this four-stage process, graphic calculators can be efficiently used for speeding up its third (“purely mathematical”) stage. The application of ICT will free the teachers’ hands and allow them to concentrate on the pre-solution and post-solution relationships between the problem and its mathematical classification, representation, and meaning. During our 60-minute hands-on workshop, this principle will be demonstrated on examples from financial mathematics and other real-life problems using CASIO ClassPad. The workshop participants can play the role of learners. They are also invited to discuss and express their opinions on even more effective exploitation of this flexible tool. No previous experience with CASIO ClassPad is needed.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress data to identify the relationship between calculator use and student performance on the National Assessment of Educational Progress Mathematics Assessment. This general purpose includes several sub issues. In addition to being interested in the overall relationship between use and National Assessment of Educational Progress achievement (including the effort to control for spurious factors), this study examined the contextual factors that moderate the impact of calculator use. Similarly, it analyzed the relationship between calculator use and student performance on calculator-allowed and calculator-restricted items, as well as the ability of students to recognize whether the use of a calculator was appropriate when responding to a math problem. Findings indicate that significant differences in achievement exist between students who regularly use calculators and those who do not use calculators. Even when controlling for various contextual factors that moderated this relationship (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, parents' level of education, students' National Assessment of Educational Progress achievement level), it was found that the more frequently students use a calculator the higher their scores tend to be. The results also show that when not allowed to use calculators, the more frequent calculator users continue to score higher than those who do not use calculators. Finally, using calculators does not automatically equate to calculator dependence, and, in fact, the more often students use a calculator the more adept they are at applying it properly and withholding it when inappropriate. Based on the findings of this study, the use of a calculator in mathematics classes should improve students' ability to learn mathematical concepts and apply calculator technology in an appropriate manner when solving mathematical problems.

This study was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference between the development of speed and accuracy on a 10-key pad on a microcomputer or on an electronic calculator. A total of 204 participants were involved in the quasi-experiment.

Achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreements requires actions being taken on different fronts. This study looked into how to visualize a carbon footprint mitigation plan for individuals. The research consisted of designing and implementing a prototype containing visualization of a mitigation plan in the Swedish mobile app DO, a newer type of carbon calculator that uses transaction data to estimate the users' carbon footprints. A user study was then conducted with app users to evaluate the visualization. Findings from the study involved that proper handling of data is important for what a mitigation plan communicates to the user, but that receiving guidance on how to proceed ahead was greatly appreciated regardless. For future research, the visualization of a mitigation plan on small screens could be developed further with the prototype developed for this study as a starting point. It was suggested that such research could revolve around interaction improvements, evaluation with more frequent users, and observing whether a mitigation plan could affect behavior change. / För att uppnå Parisavtalets mål krävs att åtgärder vidtas på olika fronter. Denna studie undersökte hur man kan visualisera en nedtrappningsplan för individers livsstilsrelaterade koldioxidavtryck. Studien bestod av utformning och implementering av en prototyp innehållande visualisering av en nedtrappningsplan i den svenska mobilappen DO, en nyare typ av koldioxidkalkylator som använder transaktionsdata för att uppskatta användarnas koldioxidavtryck. En användarstudie genomfördes sedan med appanvändare för att utvärdera visualiseringen. Resultaten från studien belyste att ordentlig hantering av data är avgörande för vad en nedtrappningsplan kommunicerar till användaren, men att få vägledning om vägen framåt var uppskattat oavsett. För framtida forskning kan visualisering av en nedtrappningsplan på små skärmar utvecklas vidare med prototypen utvecklad för denna studie som utgångspunkt. Det föreslogs att sådan forskning skulle kunna kretsa kring förbättringar av interaktionen, utvärdering med mer frekventa användare och att observera huruvida en nedtrappningsplan kan påverka beteendeförändringar.

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ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF GRAPHING CALCULATORS ON EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS&amp / #8217 / ACHIEVEMENT IN GRAPHS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND CONCEPT OF SLOPE &Ouml / n&uuml / r, Yurdag&uuml / l M.S., Department of Elementary Science and Mathematics Education Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Ayhan K&uuml / rSat ERBAS May 2008, 76 pages The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of graphing calculators on eight grade students&amp / #8217 / achievement in graphing linear equations and concept of slope. Pretest-posttest experimental-control group design was utilized in the study. While the students in experimental group (EG) received instruction about graphs of linear equations and concept of slope with graphing calculators, the students in control group (CG) was taught the same topics without using graphing calculators. There were 27 students (13 girls and 14 boys) in each group. Students in both EG and CG was administered an achievement test (i.e., MAT) consisting of questions related to graphing linear equations and slope concept before and after the instruction. Additionally, the teacher and six students from the EG were interviewed. The data obtained from students&amp / #8217 / post test scores of MAT were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A statistically significant difference was found between the achievements of students in experimental and control groups. However, gender had no statistically significant effect on students&amp / #8217 / post test scores of MAT. Additionally, students&amp / #8217 / pre-test scores of MAT and their mathematics grades of the second semester of the seventh grade (MGS) were analysed by independent samples t-test. The results showed no statistically significant difference. On the other hand, the analysis of interview data revealed that graphing calculators affected students&amp / #8217 / attitudes towards mathematics in a positive way. Students had no considerable difficulty while using graphing calculators and they found studying with graphing calculators enjoyable. In summary, the results of the study showed that when graphing calculators used at elementary school level, they had positive effects on students&amp / #8217 / achievement and in some respects to their attitude. Consequently, integration of graphing calculators to elementary mathematics curriculum may be beneficial for students and teachers.

abstract: The relationship between settler-colonial governments and Indigenous nations has been a contentious one, filled with disingenuity and fueled by the abuse of power dynamics. Specifically, colonial governments have repeatedly used power in mapping, cultural Othering, resource control, and research methodologies to assimilate, acculturate, or otherwise dominate every aspect of Indigenous lives. A relatively recent pushback from Indigenous peoples led to the slow reclamation of sovereignty, including in the United States. Revamped federal Indian programs allegedly promote tribal self-determination, yet they paradoxically serve a vast quantity of cultures through singular blanket programs that are blind to the cultural component of Indigenous identity - the centerfold of colonial aggression for centuries. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Public and Indian Housing is no exception, using a Western framework to provide generic services that neither serve cultural needs nor are tailored to the specific environment traditional homes were historically and epistemologically suited for. This research analyzes the successes of new programs as well as the failures of the federal government to conduct responsible research and promote the authentic self-determination of tribes in terms of housing and urban development. It also considers the successes and failures of tribes to effectively engage in program reformation negotiation, community planning, and accountability measures to ensure their communities are served with enough culturally-appropriate, sustainable housing without mistrusting their own housing entities. Solutions for revising this service gap are proposed, adhering to a framework that centers diverse cultural values, community input, and functional design to increase each tribe’s implementation of self-determination in HUD housing programs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis American Indian Studies 2020

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