A numerical formulation for two-dimensional electro-osmotic consolidation in soft clays was derived from the basic equations of fluid flow, current flow and virtual work law. And, a well known elasto-plastic soil model, Modified Cam Clay was embedded into the formulation and implemented into the finite element program AFENA. The formulation was evaluated by comparing the predicted settlement and pore water pressure response with the values obtained from laboratory tests. The tests were conducted in an electro-osmotic triaxial apparatus, which was modified from a standard triaxial apparatus to facilitate electro-osmotic consolidation and required measurements. A series of electro-osmotic consolidation tests under different initial stress conditions were conducted to evaluate the finite element model and very good agreements between the observed and predicted results were observed. Another set of electro-osmotic tests were conducted with the similar initial stress, but different boundary conditions to examine the effects of electrochemical changes during the electro-osmosis. The study showed an apparent increase in the preconsolidation pressure and alteration in the coefficient of consolidation as a result of the electrochemical changes. A one-dimensional electro-osmotic consolidation problem was simulated and analysed, and the settlement and pore water pressure responses were compared with the solutions obtained from Esrig's (1968) one-dimensional theory. Another problem involving combined electro-osmotic and direct loading consolidation was also analysed and the results were compared with the solutions obtained from Wan and Mitchell's (1976) theory. Excellent matches were observed in both cases mentioned above for constant values of electro-osmotic and hydraulic permeabilities. However, the effects of varying electro-osmotic and hydraulic permeabilities, which are practically far more significant and not adopted in the theories mentioned above, were also analysed and the results presented. An attempt was made to simulate and analyse one of the successful field trial of electro-osmotic stabilisation conducted by Bjerrum et al (1967) on Norwegian quick clay. Good agreement between the predicted and reported settlement was observed for the first 50days of the treatment period. However, the model over-predicted the settlement after this period and the possible causes for this variation are discussed.

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Les argiles soumises à une charge mécanique constante et à une lente élévation de température donnent lieu généralement à une contraction irréversible. Ce phénomène est interprété par une variation des limites d'élasticité avec la température appelée écrouissage thermique. Une formulation du comportement plastique compatible avec les principes de la thermodynamique montre que ces effets de la température en plasticité reposent sur un couplage particulier où intervient la chaleur latente de transformation de l'état d'écrouissage du matériau. Une extension thermomécanique simple du modèle Cam Clay est proposée pour l'étude du comportement thermomécanique des argiles saturées. Une analyse d'essais de laboratoire déjà publiés illustre la pertinence de ces concepts. Des argiles issues de formations géologiques profondes susceptibles de recevoir un stockage de déchets radioactifs présentent un écrouissage thermique en laboratoire. Les conséquences pour un stockage sont évaluées par des modélisations et par des essais in situ menés dans un laboratoire souterrain. Les mesures faites autour d'une sonde chauffante révèlent l'importance des couplages thermohydromécaniques au sein d'un massif argileux. Les modélisations donnent une interprétation cohérente des mesures in situ. L'accent est mis sur les interactions entre les diverses phases d'un essai : excavation, reconsolidation du massif puis chauffage. Ces analyses montrent que l'écrouissage thermique se manifeste peu dans ces essais. En revanche, les couplages thermohydromécaniques de nature élastique sont nettement plus importants que ceux prévus d'après les essais triaxiaux classiques, ce que l'on attribue la raideur accrue de ce matériau lorsqu'il subit de très faibles déformations.