Le fonctionnement de la société romaine reposait en partie sur la distinction de genre et de groupe social. Cela était particulièrement prégnant dans le domaine de l’érotisme. Au-dessus de tous les groupes sociaux se situait celui des hommes libres dont le rôle sexuel était celui de dominant-pénétrant. De fait, l’érotisme à la romaine peut être défini comme étant phallocentrique. Par opposition, toutes les autres catégories de personnes formaient le groupe des dominés-pénétrés. Néanmoins, le degré de soumission de chacun était déterminé par sa position sur l’échelle sociale. Les matrones avaient accès à un érotisme restreint qui se voulait procréatif. Les autres femmes, dans une certaine mesure, pouvaient être utilisées par les hommes de qui elles dépendaient comme des instruments de plaisir. Ainsi, la prostitution a toujours eu un rôle important à Rome. Bien qu’infâmes, les prostituées avaient pour mission d’assouvir les besoins charnels des hommes et pratiquaient une sexualité récréative plutôt décomplexée. Toutes les pratiques sexuelles n’étaient cependant pas admises et si, contrairement aux chastes matrones, les prostituées pouvaient s’autoriser des formes de sexualité non fécondantes, les pratiques jugées perverses (scopophilie, exhibitionnisme, agalmatophilie, etc…) étaient, selon la morale, à bannir de tous les lits. / The functioning of the Roman society was based partially on the distinction of genre and social group. It was particularly strong in the eroticism. Over all the social groups was situated that of the free men whose sexual role was the one of dominating - penetrating. Actually, the Roman type eroticism can be defined as being phallocentric. By opposition, all other categories of persons formed the group of dominated penetrated. Nevertheless, the degree of submission of each was determined by its position on the social scale. The stout women had access to an eroticism restricts who was procreative. Other women, to a certain extent, could be used by the men as instruments of pleasure. So, the prostitution always had an important role in Rome. The prostitutes had an important mission. But, all the sexual practices were not allowed and if, contrary of the matronae, the prostitutes could adduce forms of sexuality for not being pregnant, the practices considered perverse (scopophilia, exhibitionism, agalmatophilia, etc.) were banished, according to the morality, of all the beds.

This study investigates the territories of Neapolis and Nola in order to understand what role they played in the economy of their cities and in Campania. It further explores the difficult relationship between mankind and the fragile landscape of Vesuvius, how eruptions changed settlement patterns, exploitation strategies, and how people dealt with other smaller natural disasters that frequently occurred in that area. The thesis is organised in nine chapters, each describing a separate layer of the landscape. The introduction analyses the reasons for the apparent lack of data for the northern slopes of the volcano and further discusses the theoretical issues pertaining to the economy of the countryside. The history chapter lists the major facts of the histoire événementielle and their connection with the landscape’s longterm history. The third chapter studies the features of the static landscape and the exploitation of bedrock resources. Vesuvius is the subject of the fourth chapter, in which are discussed its shape and the eruptions' effects on the static landscape. Chapter five discusses the river Sebethus and how the intermingled action humans and nature created the marshes. Agriculture and animal breeding are analysed in chapter six, settlement patterns in chapter seven, trade in chapter eight. Through archival research and field survey it has been possible to plot 820 sites from ancient southern Campania, 263 of which from the territories of Neapolis and Nola. This evidence has been matched with environmental and archaeological datasets to provide estimates on agricultural produce and population, thus defining surplus and dependance for certain products. The results reveal a high compartmentalisation and degree of dependence of each micro-regional area on the others, for which one can deduce a high specialisation of each economic agent but not necessarily a high productivity for each of its units.

Cette étude a pour objet un motif de la peinture murale romaine, le pinax à volets. Il s’agit de montrer qu’au-delà de son caractère de motif secondaire, il a sa place dans l’introduction du volume et de la figuration dans le décor mural. Représentation d’un accessoire en trompe-l’œil dans les architectures illusionnistes du deuxième style pompéien, le pinax à volets reste un objet mobile et indépendant ; support d’une représentation figurée, il s’intègre à un ensemble décoratif du point de vue formel comme thématique. La première partie rassemble des sources littéraires, archéologiques et iconographiques au sujet de l’apparition du pinax réel depuis la Grèce archaïque jusqu’aux collections romaines. La deuxième partie définit le motif du pinax à volets en trompe-l’œil dans le décor mural de deuxième style pompéien. La troisième partie est une étude de cas qui replace les collections de pinakes à volets dans le contexte de l’habitat domestique et du décor de la pièce, en Campanie et à Rome, jusqu’à leur abandon au profit du tableau central. / This essay focuses on a motif of the roman wall painting, the shuttered pinax. It aims at showing that, beyond its nature as a motif of secondary importance, it has a part in the introduction of volume and figurative art in wall painting decoration. As the depiction of an accessory in trompe-l’oeil in the illusionistic architectures of the second Pompeian style, the shuttered pinax remains a mobile and independent item; as the medium of figurative representation, it fits into the decorative scheme, formally as well as thematically. The first part collects literary, archeological and iconographical sources on the emergence of real pinax from archaic Greece to Roman collections. The second part defines the shuttered pinax motif in trompe-l’oeil in the second Pompeian style wall-painting. The third part is a case study within context of domestic habitat and room decoration, in Campania and in Rome, until their disuse in favour of the central panel.

No description available.

Le sujet de ce doctorat prend comme point de départ les découvertes faites dans la nécropole romaine de la Porte Médiane de Cumes (Campanie, Italie), où les fouilles archéologiques du Centre Jean Bérard (CJB, 3133-CNRS-EfR) ont révélé des tombes monumentales d’époque antonine et sévérienne aux décors funéraires bien conservés. Ces données étaient précieuses car insérées dans un contexte archéologique parfaitement documenté, ce qui donnait l’occasion de reprendre le dossier de la peinture funéraire d’époque impériale en Campanie, méconnue, en raison notamment de sa position chronologique située entre les grandes découvertes des cités vésuviennes et l’essor des catacombes chrétiennes, qui ont attiré toutes les attentions jusqu’à une époque récente. Après avoir dressé un état de la situation de ce corpus longtemps négligé, l’étude a permis, sur la base du matériel inédit de Cumes, de préciser : le cadre chronologique, les caractéristiques iconographiques et techniques, et les liens qui unissent le décor et le contexte architectural. Des questionnements qui reflètent les aspirations des commanditaires, permettant une lecture sociale de l’époque. / This doctorate takes as its starting point the discoveries made in the roman necropolis of the Porta Mediana of Cumae (Campania, Italy), where the archaeological excavations made by the Centre Jean Bérard (CJB, 3133-CNRS-EfR) revealed monumental graves from Antonine and Severian times, whose funerary paintings well preserved.These pieces of information were really precious, as being inserted in a pretty well documented archaeological background, giving the chance to reopen the file of funeral painting from imperial ages in Campania, little known, especially because of its chronological position situated in between the vesuvian cities' great discoveries and the christian catacombs' rise, which until recent times have been focusing most of the attentions.After presenting the situation of this corpus disregarded for a long time, this study, based on the new material from Cumae, permitted to define : the chronological frame, the technical and iconographical features, and the link between the decoration and the architecture. Issues reflecting the graves owner ‘s aspirations, by offering a social reading of the age

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2010 May 31.

This thesis deals with ancient string and percussion instruments with additional focus on a hydraulic organ, an instrument that is difficult to categorize. The first part of the thesis is a follow-up to the bachelor thesis Wind Instruments of Ancient Greece and Rome, which is devoted to wind instruments, and deals with the classification, description and evolution of the instruments of the other two instrumental groups. This is illustrated on the background of literary, archaeological and iconographic sources, especially on the vase painting. Vase painting well demonstrates the shape, evolution and regional occurrence of these instruments. In the second part of this thesis the Attic and southern Italy vase paintings will be used to compare musical culture in both of these areas. In Attic music scenes the chronological evolution of depicted instruments is examined, while in southern Italian scenes we will concentrate on the differences of depicted instruments in the regions of Campania, Lucania, Sicily, Paestum and Apulia. Finally, the Attic musical instruments are compared with the instruments of southern Italy. The results of the analyses will be entered into graphs. Keywords: ancient music, strings instruments, percussion instruments, Greece, Southern Italy, Campania, Lucania, Apulia, Sicily,...