Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neide Aparecida Tosato Boldrini.pdf: 1554664 bytes, checksum: f1a0fa6f6e19b3d6ef0434edfba4dd67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-04 / Introduction: The squamous cell cervical cancer develops from precancerous lesions well defined which can progress to invasive disease if not earlier diagnosed and treated. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with high-grade lesions and cervical cancer among women treated at University Hospital in Vitoria, ES. Methods: A cross-section conducted in women 18-59 years who were referred for outpatient cervical pathology in 2011. Women were invited to participate and were interviewed for collecting demographics, epidemiological and clinical data. After the interview, they were submitted to gynecological examination to collect specimens for cervical cytology, Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV Hybrid Capture tests, and HPV DNA detection by PCR and colposcopic examination. The patients with cervical lesions at cytology and colposcopy were confirmed by histopathology. Results: A total of 291 women participated in the study. The median age was 38 years (DIQ: 30 - 48 years), 74 (25.4%) had completed four years of schooling; 178 (61.2%) were married and 83 (28.5%) had monthly family income up to three minimum wages. When considering histopathological results, the prevalence of high-grade lesions/cervical cancer was 18.2% (95% CI: 13.8% -22.6%), being 48 (16.5%) cases of high-grade lesions (CIN II, CIN IIIca in situ) and 5 (1.7%) cases of invasive carcinoma. One hundred and eight women (37.1%) were smokers; 11 (3.8%) reported using illicit drugs;38 (13.1%) reported their first sexual intercourse before age 15;221 (75 9%) had more than one partner in life; 20 (6.9%) had more than one partner in the last 12 months;220 (75.6%) reported not using condoms;90 (30.2%) reported anal sex practice;46 (15.8%) reported previous STD. In the final logistic regression model, age between 30-49 years [OR = 4.4 (95%:1.01-19.04), history of smoking [OR = 2.43 (95% CI 1.14 to 5 , 18)], practice of anal intercourse [OR = 2.35 (95% CI 1.10 to 5.03)] and have a positive hybrid capture test for high risk HPV positive [OR = 11.23 (95% 4 0.79 to 26, 36)] remained independently associated with high-grade lesion/cervical cancer. Conclusions: The results show high prevalence of precursor lesions of cervical cancer and high prevalence of high risk HPV. The most prevalent HPV was HPV 16 followed by HPV 31. Associated risk factors for HSIL/carcinoma were age between 30-49 years, history of smoking, practice of anal sex and have a positive hybrid capture test for high risk HPV positive. The study emphasizes the importance of prevention and care strategies for the control of cervical cancer. / Introdução: O câncer cervical de células escamosas se desenvolve a partir de lesões pré-cancerosas bem definidas, que podem progredir para doença invasiva, se não forem precocemente diagnosticadas e tratadas. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados para lesões de alto grau (HSIL) e câncer de colo uterino em mulheres atendidas em Hospital Universitário de Vitória, ES. Métodos: Estudo de corte-transversal conduzido em mulheres de 18 a 59 anos que foram referenciadas para o ambulatório de patologia cervical em 2011. As mulheres foram convidadas a participar do estudo e responderam a uma entrevista contendo dados demográficos, epidemiológicos e clínicos. Após a entrevista foram submetidas ao exame ginecológico para coleta de espécime para citologia cervical, para detecção de HPV e Chlamydia trachomatis por teste de Captura Híbrida, pesquisa de DNA de HPV pela técnica de PCR e exame colposcópico. Os casos que apresentaram lesões cervicais na citologia e colposcopia foram confirmados pelo exame histopatológico. Resultados: um total de 291 mulheres participaram do estudo. A mediana de idade foi de 38 anos (DIQ: 30- 48 anos); 74 (25,4%) tinham até quatro anos de estudo, 178 (61,2%) eram casadas e em 83 (28,5%) a renda familiar era de até três salários mínimos. Quando se considerou o resultado histopatológico, a prevalência de HSIL/câncer cervical foi de 18,2% (IC95%:13,8%-22,6%), sendo 48 (16,5%) casos de lesão de alto grau (NIC II,NIC IIIca in situ) e 5 (1,7%) casos de carcinoma invasor. Cento e oito mulheres (37,1%) eram fumantes, 11 (3,8%) informaram usar drogas ilícitas; 38 (13,1%) tiveram o primeiro coito antes dos 15 anos; 221 (75,9%) tiveram mais de um parceiro na vida; 20 (6,9%) tiveram mais de um parceiro nos últimos 12 meses; 220 (75,6%) relataram não usar preservativos; 90 (30,2%) referiram ter pratica de sexual anal; 46 (15,8%) DST prévia. No modelo final de regressão logística, ter idade entre 30-49 anos [OR=4,4 (IC95%:1,01-19,04); história de tabagismo [OR=2,43 (IC95% 1,14-5,18)]; a prática de coito anal [OR=2,35 (IC95% 1,10-5,03)] e ter teste de captura híbrida para HPV de alto risco positivo [OR=11,23 (IC95% 4,79-26,36)] permaneceram independentemente associados à lesão de alto grau/câncer cervical. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram alta prevalência de lesões precursoras de carcinoma cervical e alta prevalência de HPV de alto risco. O HPV mais prevalente foi o HPV 16, seguido do HPV 31. Os fatores de risco associados à HSIL/carcinoma foram ter idade entre 30 e 49 anos, ser tabagista, relatar prática de coito anal e ter resultado positivo para HPV de alto risco. O estudo enfatiza a importância das estratégias de prevenção e assistência para o controle do câncer cervical.

In light of health disparities involving African Americans having disproportionately high rates of obesity, type II diabetes, cancer risk, heart disease and hypertension, the study was conducted with an all-Black adult sample (n= 470). Some 53.0% were female and the sample had a mean age of 32 years. The study evaluated the Knowledge of Physical Activity and Dietary Intake Guidelines Survey (KOPA-DIGS-40) as a new True-False knowledge test—with all True items. The study found moderately high levels of knowledge using the KOPA-DIGS-40. Findings using paired t-tests found evidence that ratings for (1) knowledge of guidelines and (2) self-efficacy for adherence to guidelines were significantly higher after taking the test. The study found noteworthy predictors of a higher KOPA-DIGS-40 score to be older age, higher education, and higher Body Mass Index. The study focused on three time periods (1-before the COVID-19 pandemic, 2-during the pandemic, 3-currently) and ratings on four health dimensions (1-physical health, 2-mental/emotional health, 3-physical activity level, 4-eating a healthy diet). Findings showed declines on the four dimensions during the pandemic, yet by Spring 2023 there were significant improvements—with a return by Spring 2023 to pre-pandemic levels. Findings suggested evidence of resilience after experiencing the stress of a global pandemic. Thus, a resilience theory and framework may be vital in guiding a future era of health disparities research with African Americans. Further, the study found an increase in social support during the pandemic, which continued into their current lives. Future research should continue to utilize the innovation of the genre of research reflected in this study’s use of the new Knowledge of Physical Activity and Dietary Intake Guidelines Survey (KOPA-DIGS-40)—as a True-False test with all True items; this follows from evidence the KOPA-DIGS-40 served as a brief online e-health intervention associated with increases in (1) knowledge of the guidelines and (2) self-efficacy for adherence to physical activity and dietary intake guidelines. Given the high rates of obesity, type II diabetes, cancer risk, heart disease and hypertension for African Americans, the findings make an important contribution to the literature—while suggesting future directions in research and interventions.

Chiu Yuk Lan. / "December 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-185) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Les génomes du cancer présentent une mosaïque de types de mutations. Trente signatures mutationnelles ont été identifiées à partir d'un grand nombre de tumeurs humaines primaires. Déchiffrer l'origine de ces signatures mutationnelles pourrait aider à identifier les causes du cancer humain. Environ 40% des signatures décrites sont d'origine inconnue, soulignant la nécessité de modèles expérimentaux contrôlés pour étudier l'origine de ces signatures. Au cours de mon travail de doctorat, j'ai caractérisé et utilisé des modèles in vitro et in vivo d'exposition aux cancérogènes, caractériser les signatures mutationnelles au niveau de génome entier de plusieurs composés cancérogènes pour lesquels le spectre de mutations n'était pas connu ou controversé. Tout d'abord, les conditions de cytotoxicités et genotoxicités pour chaque composé ont été établies et la formation d'adduits d'ADN a été évaluée. Suite au séquençage du gène TP53, on a effectué un séquençage au niveau du génome des clones MEF immortalisés dérivés de l'exposition à l'acrylamide, au glycidamide et à l'ochratoxine A. Le travail suggère une nouvelle signature mutationnelle unique pour l'acrylamide et médiée par son métabolite actif, le glycidamide. En fait, le motif des mutations de glycidamide, correspondant au profil de sa signature mutationnelle, a récapitulé les types de mutations attendus en fonction de l'analyse des adduits d'ADN. En outre, une analyse intégrée utilisant des modèles in vitro et in vivo suggère un manque de mutagénicité directe pour l'OTA avec une contribution potentielle d'un mode d'action lié à la production des radicaux libres à la signature mutationnelle OTA dans les MEF. Cette stratégie expérimentale simple et puissante peut faciliter l'interprétation des empreintes de mutations identifiées dans les tumeurs humaines, élucider l'étiologie du cancer et finalement soutenir la classification des cancers du CIRC en fournissant des preuves mécanistes / Cancer genomes harbour a mosaic of mutation patterns from which thirty mutational signatures have been identified, each attributable to a particular known or yet undetermined causal process. Deciphering the origins of these global mutational signatures in full could help identify the causes of human cancer, especially for about 40% of those signatures identified thus far that remain without a known etiological factor. Thus, well-controlled experimental exposure models can be used to assign particular mutational signatures to various mutagenic factors.During the time frame of my PhD work, I characterized and employed innovative in vitro and in vivo models of carcinogen exposure, namely, primary Hupki MEF cells, HepaRG and lymphoblastoid cell lines as well as rodent tumors. The cytotoxic and genotoxic conditions for each tested exposure compound were established and DNA adduct formation was assessed in select cases. Following a pre-screen by TP53 gene sequencing, genome-wide sequencing of immortalized Hupki MEF clones derived from exposure to acrylamide, glycidamide and ochratoxin A was performed, alongside whole genome sequencing of ochratoxin A induced rat renal tumors. The results reveal a novel mutational signature of acrylamide mediated by its active metabolite, glycidamide, a pattern that can be explained by the parallel analysis of individual glycidamide-DNA adducts. In addition, an integrative mutation analysis using in vitro and in vivo models suggests a lack of direct mutagenicity for OTA and possible indirect effects due to the ROS-mediated mode-of-action in MEF cells. The presented robust experimental strategy can facilitate the interpretation of mutation fingerprints identified in human tumors, thereby elucidating cancer etiology, elucidating the relationship between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and ultimately providing mechanistic evidence for IARC’s carcinogen classification

MCur / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / See the attached abstract below

Breast cancer poses a serious public health concern. This case-control study describes the relationship of night-shift working on the development of breast cancer in 57 women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to 49 women with other types of cancer in the Vaal Triangle area (selected through non-probability purposive sampling from CANSA). The study revealed that women who work night-shift developed breast cancer 1.24 times more often than women who do not work nightshift (OR=1.24 [95% CI 0.52 to 2.89]). The odds ratio was further increased in women who worked rotating-shift (OR=1.44 [95% CI 0.58 to 3.59]). Night-shift work exposure was not statistically related to the development of breast cancer. It is recommended that the relationship between night-shift exposure and breast cancer risk be further explored through cross-sectional and cohort studies, and other breast cancer pathways. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Breast cancer poses a serious public health concern. This case-control study describes the relationship of night-shift working on the development of breast cancer in 57 women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to 49 women with other types of cancer in the Vaal Triangle area (selected through non-probability purposive sampling from CANSA). The study revealed that women who work night-shift developed breast cancer 1.24 times more often than women who do not work nightshift (OR=1.24 [95% CI 0.52 to 2.89]). The odds ratio was further increased in women who worked rotating-shift (OR=1.44 [95% CI 0.58 to 3.59]). Night-shift work exposure was not statistically related to the development of breast cancer. It is recommended that the relationship between night-shift exposure and breast cancer risk be further explored through cross-sectional and cohort studies, and other breast cancer pathways. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)